1,721,014 research outputs found
Algorithm for estimation of brain structural location from head surface shape in young children
Full text linkMEG は脳機能測定に優れているが、単独では脳上での信号源特定できない。そのためMRI等の検査を行い、脳構造画像を補う必要があった。しかし、MRIが必要であるため、"幼児にやさしい"MEG 測定のメリットを損ねてしまい、小児領域での脳科学的応用は限られていた。今回はこれらの問題を解決するため、2～5 歳児の頭表の形状から、脳の位置と形状を確率的に算出するアルゴリズムを開発し、MEGに応用可能とした。現在特許の申請中である。If the brain structural coordinates could be estimated using the individual head shape, magnetoencephalography would be more ideal brain functional imaging methods especially for young human children. We propose an algorithm to estimate brain coordinates with reference to the head surface shape in preschool children. The mean error of landmarks was 13.6 ± 5.3 mm on the head surface and 18.5 ± 12.4 mm in the intracranial structure between estimated and actual brain coordinates.研究課題/領域番号:23591697, 研究期間(年度):2011–2012出典：研究課題「小児における確率的脳座標の作成」研究課題番号23591697
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23591697/23591697seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
GABAergic system and brain network in Autism spectrum disorder
Full text linkDTIを用いて広汎性発達障害者20名、気分障害と広汎性発達障害の合併患者4名、健常コントロール18名を対象に、解剖学的ネットワークについて検討した。広汎性発達障害の患者においては、脳梁においてFA値が低下していた。特に両疾患の合併例においては、Superior longitudinal fasciculusにおいてFA値が有意に低下していた。MRSの施行によるGABA測定については、撮像時間が長く、被験者への負担が大きいことから、解析可能なサンプル数には至っていない。今回の研究で、広汎性発達障害の大脳皮質のネットワーク障害を形態学的に示した。White matter abnormalities can be detected by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DTI is a noninvasive MRI technique that is useful for investigating white matter structure, an important aspect of brain connectivity. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n=20) and ASD with bipolar disorder (ASD with BP) (n=4) were compared control subject (n=18). Our results demonstrated that ASD group showed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in splenium of corpus callosum, and that ASD with BP group showed reduced FA in superior longitudinal fasciculus. Our results suggested the deviated anatomical brain network in ASD patients.研究課題/領域番号:20591394, 研究期間(年度):2008–2010出典：研究課題「自閉症スペクトラムの病態におけるGABA系の関与」課題番号20591394
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20591394/20591394seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系research repor
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The genotype, the phenotype and the end-phenotype measured by MEG in autism spectrum disorder
Full text linkASDの症状を、行動評価と、MEGをもちいた生理学的指標を用いて、より客観的に数値化し、自閉症のリスク型の遺伝子多型とどのように関連するかを調べた。ASD幼児（延べN=71）および定型発達幼児（延べN=102）が参加した。現時点でMET遺伝子のrs1858830の一塩基多型については、ASD幼児33名、定型発達（TD）幼児で30名の解析が終了した。結果、ASD群はTD群と比較してリスク型の遺伝子多型Cを含む群は、作動記憶の発達に遅れが認められた。社会性については、同様の傾向が認められたが有意差にはいならなかった。MEGをもちいたAEFの潜時についてはTD群がよりリスク遺伝子の影響を受けていた。The symptom of ASD was evaluated using the behavioral and neurophysiological methods. We researched the effect of the genotype (which was thought to be risk type for ASD) on phenotype measured by behavioral data and end-phenotype measured by MEG. Young children with ASD (N=71: including the repeated subjects) and typically developing children (N=102: including the repeated subjects) participated. At the present moment, single nucleotide polymorphism of rs1858830 in a MET gene have identified in 33 children with ASD and 30 TD children. We defined CC and a CG genotype (which include risk type genetic polymorphism C) as CC_CG group, and we compared some phenotype and end-phenotype between CC_CG and GG groups. As the result, in the ASD group including genetic polymorphism C, developmental delay was observed in working memory task. On the other hand, TD group was affected by the risk gene more about the latency of auditory evoked field measured by MEG.研究課題/領域番号:26293262, 研究期間(年度):2014-04-01 – 2017-03-31出典：「自閉症スペクトラム障害幼児における遺伝子多型、脳内ネットワークと表現型の関係」研究成果報告書 課題番号26293262
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26293262/26293262seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学子どものこころの発達研究センターresearch repor
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Relationship between sensory processing and sociality in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Full text link本研究の主目的は、脳機能の下位のレベルに位置する知覚の幼少期の発達が、より高位のレベルにある「こころ」の成長に影響していることを調べることである。そこで、3歳から8歳の健常児と自閉症幼児を対象に，音声の情報処理に関わる，左右脳半球の反応を分析した。その結果、自閉症幼児においては聴覚情報処理のごく初期の段階で、左右半球のシンクロが低下していることを世界で初めて示した。このことは，これまで調べることが困難であった自閉症幼児期の脳内ネットワーク発達の特徴を，幼児でも優しい検査方法で調べる事ができること示した。一方で、それに関連する表現型を明らかになっていない。Main aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between sensory processing and sociality in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The auditory evoked field (AEF), recorded by magnetoencephalography, and the synchronization of these processes between right and left hemispheres was recently suggested to reflect various cognitive abilities in children.Using Omega complexity analysis, we investigated the global coordination of AEFs in 3 to 8-year-old typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD in 50-ms time-windows. Children with ASD displayed significantly higher Omega complexities compared with TD children in the time-window of 0 - 50 ms, suggesting lower whole brain synchronization in the early stage of the auditory processing. These results suggest lower right-left hemispheric synchronization in children with ASD compared with TD children. We could not find significant relationships between Omega complexities and symptoms (e.g., sociality).研究課題/領域番号:26670537, 研究期間(年度):2014-04-01 – 2016-03-31出典：「自閉症スペクトラム障害幼児における、知覚入力と「こころ」の形成過程の関係」研究成果報告書 課題番号26670537
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26670537/26670537seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学子どものこころの発達研究センターresearch repor
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