1,720,959 research outputs found
Research on the relationship for heterogeneity of secretory granules with diversity of allergic responses
Get PDFAllergies are increasing in worldwide. There are many causes of allergy, and symptoms vary from mild to potentially life threatening. Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in allergic diseases. MCs contain many granules comprising various inflammatory mediators. However, the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between distinction of inflammatory mediator secretion in MCs and diversity of allergic reactions are still unknown. We observed the distribution of inflammatory mediators (e.g. TNFα, CCL2, or histamine) in the granules and different VAMPs, which is involved in mediator release. We found that each mediator and VAMP was located in different granules. Using VAMPs knockdown MC, we identified specific VAMP for b-hexosaminidase (i.e. histamine) release. Our observations suggested that each single granule contain specific inflammatory mediators. Thus, this may cause the diversity of allergic responses.現代日本においてアレルギー疾患は、大きな社会問題になっている。アレルギー疾患は、「多様性」に富んでいるため、対処療法が主な治療手段となっている。本研究は、このようなアレルギー疾患の「多様性」の原因について、アレルギー原因細胞の１つであるマスト細胞の分泌顆粒に存在する「不均質性」に着目し、アレルギー応答調節メカニズムの解析を行った。そして、アレルギー応答は、マスト細胞の不均質な分泌顆粒による個々の顆粒の分泌反応により複雑に調節されていることが明らかになった。研究課題/領域番号:19H03369, 研究期間(年度):2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31出典：研究課題「マスト細胞における分泌顆粒の『不均質性』とアレルギー応答の『多様性』に関する研究」課題番号19H03369
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19H03369/19H03369seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系research repor
Age-related changes in allergic disease and establishment of affinity allergen-based immunotherapy
Get PDF高度高齢化社会を向かえている我が国において、高齢者の健康維持・増進は、社会的関心事である。これまで加齢免疫学研究は、感染症・ガンについては行われてきたものの、加齢発症アレルギーに関しては、十分な研究がなされてこなかった。本研究では、加齢マウス等を用いた研究から、アレルギー反応を担うマスト細胞が、加齢によって恒常的に活性化されており、加齢によるアレルゲン非依存的なマスト細胞活性化機構の存在が示唆された。またアレルギー疾患モデル動物を用いた解析から、アレルギー疾患の種類によって異なる病態を示すことが明らかになった。In Japan, which is facing a highly aging society, maintaining and improving the health of the elderly is a social concern. Immunosenescence research has been mainly conducted on infectious diseases and cancer, however sufficient research has not been conducted on aging-onset allergies. In this study, we investigated that mast cells are constitutively activated in aging mice, suggesting the existence of an allergen-independent mast cell activation mechanism. In addition, analysis using allergic disease model mice revealed that different pathological conditions are exhibited depending on the type of allergic disease such as atopic dermatitis and anaphylactic reactions.研究課題/領域番号:18K19396, 研究期間(年度):2018-06-29 – 2021-03-31出典：「アレルゲン親和性を基盤とした加齢発症アレルギーの原因究明と戦略的脱感作療法の確立」研究成果報告書 課題番号18K19396
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18K19396/18K19396seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系research repor
アレルゲン親和性によるIgE受容体動的多様性とシグナルエディティングの分子基盤
Get PDF現代日本においてアレルギー疾患は、大きな社会問題になっている。国民の半数近くが何らかのアレルギー症状を示すと考えられており、その割合は増加の一途をたどっている。本研究は、このようなアレルギー疾患の原因について、アレルゲンとIgEの親和性に着目しマスト細胞の活性化調節機構や細胞間相互作用を介したアレルギー応答調節メカニズムの解析を通して明らかにすることを試みた。そしてアレルゲン親和性による、開口放出、転写制御、細胞間相互作用などに関して新たな知見を得た。Mast cells (MCs) initiate allergic reactions. These cells express an antigen-specific IgE-bound high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) that binds to IgE. The interaction of an allergen with IgE-FcεRI is an essential step in MCs activation as well as subsequent allergic responses. It has long been recognized that antigens bind to IgE antibodies with variable affinities. When allergen binds to IgE with different affinities, a wide range of allergic responses is triggered. Here we unravel how a difference in the affinity of antigen regulates intracellular signaling pathways and intercellular communication with other immune cells. The mechanisms of allergen affinities on allergic responses is the important factor to develop new therapeutic tools with increased efficacy.研究課題/領域番号:16H05082, 研究期間(年度):2016-04-01 - 2019-03-31出典：研究課題「アレルゲン親和性によるIgE受容体動的多様性とシグナルエディティングの分子基盤」課題番号16H05082
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16H05082/16H05082seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by ORAI-2 localized on mast cell secretory granules
Get PDFマスト細胞の分泌制御に極めて重要な役割を持つ細胞内カルシウム動態、特に分泌顆粒に局在するカルシウムチャネルORAI-2が制御する分泌メカニズムの解明を試みた。マウス耳介組織を用いた解析からORAI-2は培養細胞の分泌顆粒だけでなく、生体内マスト細胞においても分泌顆粒に同様の局在が観察された。さらに、各種バイオセンサーを用いた画像解析や生化学的な解析から、マスト細胞の抗原刺激に伴い、ORAI-2はSTIMやtubulinと相互作用を強め、ORAI-2が発現する分泌顆粒において脱顆粒を起こしていることが明らかになったTo investigate the molecular mechanism of ORAI-2 localized on mast cell secretory granules, we tried to observe localization of ORAI isoforms (ORAI-1 and -2) in tissue mast cells. We found that ORAI-2 were localized on secretory granules although ORAI-1 were localized in the plasma membrane in tissue mast cells. Next, we examined the interaction of ORAI-2 proteins with STIM and tubulin. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment revealed that interaction of ORAI-2 with STIM and tubulin were increased after IgE/antigen stimulation. We also found that ORAI-2 localized on mast cell secretory granules played an important role in exocytosis by fluorescent protein-based biosensor analysis.研究課題/領域番号:15K14495, 研究期間(年度):2015-04-01 - 2018-03-31出典：研究課題「分泌顆粒局在型カルシウムチャネルORAI2による新たな分泌制御機構の解析」課題番号15K14495
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15K14495/15K14495seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系research repor
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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