1,720,994 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Study on the mechanism of reaction rate enhancement by microwave irradiation using nano- and pico-second time resolved spectroscopy
No full textマイクロ波照射場で,ピコ秒の時間分解能で蛍光寿命を測定できる体系を組上げた。この装置を用いて,蛍光プローブ分子C153の回転運動に及ぼすマイクロ波照射の影響を検討した。プローブ分子の回転速度の温度依存性を検討し,それらの活性化エネルギーを求めた。回転速度の活性化エネルギーは,マイクロ波照射場では小さくなることが分かった。つまり,マイクロ波照射場では,プローブ分子の回転が容易であることがわかった。An experimental apparatus that can measure fluorescence lifetime with picoseond time-resolution under microwave irradiation conditions was build up. Using the apparatus the effect of microwave irradiation on the rotational motion of a probe molecule C153 was investigated. The activation energy for the rotational motion was determined by measuring the temperature dependence of the rotational rate constants. It is found that the activation energy was reduced under the microwave irradiation conditions by comparing with that measured under conventional heating conditions. Therefore it may be concluded that, under the microwave irradiation conditions, the dipole molecule can rotate easily.研究課題/領域番号:20560712, 研究期間(年度):2008-2010出典：研究課題「ナノ,ピコ秒時間分解分光法を用いたマイクロ波による反応促進機構の解明」課題番号20560712
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20560712/20560712seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Measurement of diffusion coefficients of radical in silicon ionic Liquids by transient grating method
No full textイオン液体は，実質上ゼロの蒸気圧，イオン伝導性，高い溶解力などユニークな性質を持っている。 しかしながら，イオン液体は一般に高粘性流体である。この高い粘度は，拡散に支配されるようなプロセスには大きな欠点である。我々はシリコンオイル中での拡散係数は，分子性混合溶媒やイオン液体中での拡散係数に比較して，約１０倍程速い速度定数であることを見出した。この結果から，シリコンオイルを構成しているポリシロキサン構造をもつ溶媒中では，反応分子が速く拡散できることが示唆された。そこで，ポリシロキサン構造を持つイオン液体を合成し，拡散係数を測定した。Ionic liquids (ILs) have various interesting properties, for example, low vapor pressure, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability. Due to these unique properties, ILs can overcome the drawback of organic solvents such as high vapor pressure and flammability. Therefore it is attracted much attention as an electrolysis solution in Li ion battery. However it is known that molecular diffusion in IL is generally slow, because viscosities of ILs are higher than that of organic solvent. On the other hand, it has been reported that molecular diffusion in silicone oil is higher than that in organic solvents with the same viscosity. Therefore we expected that siloxane fanctional group may improve the rate of molecular diffusion. Our present purpose is analysis of transport property in silicone ionic liquids (SiILs) which is applicable to electrochemical devices. We applied the transient grating (TG) method in order to determine diffusion coefficients in SiILs.研究課題/領域番号: 23560918, 研究期間(年度):2011-2013出典：研究課題「シリコンイオン液体中での過渡回折格子法による短寿命ラジカル種の拡散係数の測定」課題番号23560918
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23560918/23560918seika/）を加工して作成research repor
Continuous direct biomass conversion process using ionic liquids
No full textThe development of a biomass conversion method for lignocelluloses to produce bio-based plastics using ionic liquids and their application to flow reaction using twin-screw extruder was investigated. The effect of ionic liquids in modification reactions was clarified. Direct conversion of lignocellulose became possible by this method. Furthermore, a new biomass conversion method with low environmental impact was developed, and its applicability to flow reactions was demonstrated.バイオマス資源の活用を目的に、イオン液体を触媒かつ溶媒として用いたリグノセルロース類の樹脂化手法の開発とそれらの二軸混練機を用いたフロー反応への転換について研究を行った。分子変換におけるイオン液体の効果の詳細を明らかにし、リグノセルロース類の直接変換が可能となった。さらに、天然試薬のみを消費する環境負荷の低い新たなバイオマス変換法を開発し、二軸混練機を用いたフロー反応にも適用できることを明らかにした。研究課題/領域番号:18H02253, 研究期間(年度):2018-04-01 - 2022-03-31出典：研究課題「イオン液体を用いた連続的バイオマス直接変換プロセス」課題番号18H02253
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18H02253/18H02253seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学理工研究域生命理工学系research repor
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Excess electrons, solvation and electron-transfer reaction in ionic liquids
No full text光イオン化によりイオン液体中で溶媒和電子を生成する方法を確立し,溶媒和電子と種々の溶質との電子移動反応ダイナミクスを明らかとした。溶媒和電子は近赤外域に幅広い光吸収バンドがあった。イオン液体中でのイオンの反応は,クーロン遮蔽の影響を強く受けることを見出した。2段レーザーパルス励起法により,イオン液体中での電子励起ラジカルの反応ダイナミクスを詳細に検討した。We have established a formation method of excess electron in ionic liquid using photo-ionization, and shed a light on the reaction dynamics and kinetics of solvated electron with several different solutes. The spectra of solvated electrons in ionic liquids are located in near infrared region. It has been found that there is a strong Coulombic screening effect on the ionic reactions in ionic liquids. Using twin-pulse laser excitation method, reaction dynamics of excited-state radical in ionic liquids has been precisely examined.研究課題/領域番号: 17073010, 研究期間(年度):2005-2009出典：研究課題「イオン液体中の過剰電子,溶媒和および電子移動反応」課題番号17073010
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17073010/17073010seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学理工研究域生命理工学系research repor
Lignin sulfonic acid-based self-healing materials via bridging by using an ionic Liquid-type dication
No full textリグニンスルホン酸に含まれるスルホン酸基に対してイオン液体のカチオンで架橋構造を形成させ、新規材料を開発した。はじめに、架橋剤であるホスホニウム系のジカチオンを新規に合成した。さらにそのジカチオンのアニオンを水酸化物アニオンとし、リグニンスルホン酸と混合することで容易に複合体を作製することができた。小さな傷であれば加熱によって修復できることが分かった。Lignin sulfonic acid was bridged via ion bonds by using ionic liquid-type dications and a new material was developed. First, we developed a novel phosphonium-type dication as an agent for bridging. The composite of lignin sulfonic acid and the dication was prepared just by mixing them. Small scratches were healed by heating.研究課題/領域番号:15K12242, 研究期間(年度):2015-04-01 - 2017-03-31出典：「イオン液体型架橋の相互作用を制御した自己修復性リグニンスルホン酸樹脂の開発」研究成果報告書 課題番号15K12242
（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））
（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15K12242/15K12242seika/）を加工して作成金沢大学理工研究域生命理工学系research repor
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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