47,820 research outputs found
A fiscal needs approach to equalization transfers in a decentralized federation
No full textThe author reviews the conceptual basis for fiscal equalization transfers, analyzes the theoretical implications for optimal design of equalization transfers, and suggests quantitative approaches for assessing the fiscal needs of subnational governments and determining their entitlement to transfers. The author illustrates proposed methods using data for local and provincial Canadian governments. The proposed methods could be useful tools, he says, for undertaking systematic objective reviews of aggregate and sectoral public spending in developing countries. The author argues that in a decentralized federation, fiscal inefficiencies and inequities arise because of subnational governments'differing levels of ability to provide comparable public services at comparable tax rates. Fiscal equalization transfers that reduce or eliminate differentials in net fiscal benefits create a rare instance in economics when considerations of equity and efficiency coincide. These transfers must allow for differences in the spending needs and revenues-raising abilities of the various subnational governments. The author argues for a two-tiered approach to equalization. The first tier would be a federal responsibility to equalize the burden of federal taxes. The second tier would be an interprovincial equalization fund to be administered by the Council of Provincial Finance Ministers. It would entail a comprehensive equalization system that takes into account provincial spending needs. The standard of equalization would be negotiated.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,National Governance,Environmental Economics&Policies
Fiscal decentralization in developing and transition economies: progress, problems, and the promise
No full textThe author discusses the revolution in public sector thinking that is transforming the public sectors of developing and transition countries. Countries are reconsidering their fiscal systems and searching for the right balance between central government control and decentralized governance. Political decentralization has advanced in most countries. Subnational expenditures in developing countries as a percentage of total public expenditures have also increased over the past two decades. However, the process is far from complete. In many countries, the central government is still involved in the delivery of local services, local governments have few sources of own-revenues, local governments have limited access to borrowing for capital projects, and the design of intergovernmental transfers does neither address regional fiscal equity nor convey appropriate incentives for fiscal discipline, improved service delivery performance, and accountability to citizens. Decentralized public governance can help realign public sector incentives through greater accountability to citizens, and attenuate the"democracy deficit"caused by globalization and the role of supranational institutions and regimes. However, this requires careful examination of the entire fiscal system. Elements of a comprehensive package of fiscal system reforms would include: (a) Clarifying roles of various levels of government in public service delivery; (b) Reassigning taxing responsibilities to ensure local revenue autonomy, accountability, and efficiency without endangering an internal common market; (c) Designing fiscal transfers to ensure regional fiscal equity and to create an enabling environment for innovative and competitive service delivery; (d) Facilitating responsible credit market access to subnational governments; (e) Designing institutional arrangements for intergovernmental fiscal relations to better coordinate policies; and (f) Aligning operational capacity with the authorizing environment through the"accountability for results"framework of public management.National Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Municipal Financial Management,National Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies
Clipping of Handouts
No full textThis collection includes:
• Krüger, M. (n.d.). Einmal einfach [Book cover]. Publisher information unavailable.
• American Economic Association. (2010–2011). 125th anniversary economists calendar. American Economic Association.
• Hanzel, I., & Shaikh, A. (2012, January 2). Correspondence regarding Measuring the wealth of nations. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Measuring the wealth of nations [Enclosed pages]. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 57(2). (1989, June). Basil Blackwell.
• Shaikh, A. (2008, November 13). Comments on neoricardian theory and the measurement of prices of production : An alternative approach by Peter Flaschel, Reiner Franke, Roberto Veneziani, and Anwar Shaikh. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Flaschel, P., Franke, R., Veneziani, R., & Shaikh, A. (2008, November 12). Neoricardian theory and the measurement of prices of production: An alternative approach [Annotated manuscript]. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Handwritten note with equation for AC17. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Ganßmann, H. (2008, November 4). Letter to Anwar Shaikh regarding the workshop Money—interdisciplinary perspectives. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Caspari, V. (2008, October 2). Invitation to Anwar Shaikh for academic congress in honor of Bertram Schefold. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Ganßmann, H. (2008, October 8). Letter and participant list for the workshop Money—interdisciplinary perspectives. Manuscript in possession of the author
Sosialisasi dan Implementasi Program Lesson Study For Learning Community di Perguruan Mathla'ul Anwar Se-Banten
No full textTHE SOCIALIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LESSON STUDY FOR LEARNING COMMUNITY PROGRAM AT MATHLA'UL ANWAR COLLEGE IN BANTEN. Lesson Study is a model of fostering the teaching profession through mastering collaborative and sustainable learning based on the principles of collegiality and mutual learning to improve the quality of learning and build learning communities. Dissemination of Lesson Study in Mathla'ul Anwar Banten is considered to be very potential to be able to encourage many parties to do their best to improve the quality of learning and be able to increase achievement motivation in students. One of the goals expected by Lesson Study is to develop a pattern of educating teacher competencies with the LSLC model. The benefits of this Dissemination activity will be the establishment of a training system that is needs-based and sustainable in order to improve the quality of learning. The results of LSLC dissemination have become a model for educating teachers to improve teacher competence and improve the quality of learning in the classroom
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Governing for Results in a Globalised and Localised World
No full textThis paper addresses three complementary themes in bringing about responsive and accountable public governance in developing countries—namely globalisation, localisation and a results oriented management and evaluation (ROME). The first theme recognises interdependencies in an interconnected world and discusses how these influences would shape partnership within and across nations. The second theme is concerned with public sector realignments within nations to meet the challenges associated with heightened expectations from an informed citizenry. The third theme relates to creating a new culture of public governance that is responsive and accountable to citizens. The paper argues that a road to ROME holds significant promise of overcoming the ills of a dysfunctional, command and control, overbearing and rent seeking public sector in many developing countries. ROME de-emphasises traditional input controls and instead is concerned with creating an authorising environment in which the public officials are given the flexibility to manage for results but are held accountable for delivering public services consistent with citizen preferences. Further under ROME incentive mechanisms induce public and non-public (private and nongovernment) sectors to compete in the delivery of public services and match public services with citizen preferences at lower tax cost to society per unit of output.
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
A Practitioner´s Guide to Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers
No full textIntergovernmental fiscal transfers are a dominant feature of sub-national finance in most countries. They are used to ensure that revenues roughly match the expenditure needs of various orders (levels) of sub-national governments. They are also used to advance national, regional and local area objectives such as fairness and equity and creating a common economic union. The structure of these transfers create incentives for national, regional and local governments that have a bearing on fiscal management, macroeconomic stability, distributional equity, allocative efficiency and public services delivery. This paper reviews conceptual, empirical and the practice literature to distill lessons of policy interest in designing the fiscal transfers to create the right incentives for prudent fiscal managment and competitive and innovative service delivery. The paper provides practical guidance on the design of performance-oriented transfers that emphasize bottom-up, client- focused and results-based government accountability. It cites examples of simple but innovative grant designs that can satisfy grantors’ objectives while preserving local autonomy and creating an enabling environment for responsive, responsible, equitable and accountable public governance. The paper further provides guidance on the design and the practice of equalization transfers for regional fiscal equity as well as the institutional arrangements for implementation of such transfer mechanisms. The paper concludes with negative (practices to avoid) and positive (practices to emulate) lessons from international practices.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Fungsi Manajerial Kepala Ruang Dalam Metode Penugasan Tim Terhadap Kinerja Ketua Tim Di RSU Dr Saiful Anwar Malang
No full textPENGARUH PELAKSANAAN FUNGSI MANAJERIAL KEPALA RUANG DALAM METODE PENUGASAN TIM TERHADAP KINERJA KETUA TIM DI RSU Dr SAIFUL ANWAR MALANGInfluence of Head Managerial Function Implementation In The Teamwork Assigment Method The Chief of Team Productivity In Saiful Anwar Hospital MalangKuswantoro Rusca Putra1 & Irwan Subekti21)Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas BrawijayaJl. Veteran Malang 651452)Rumah Sakit Umum Dr Saiful Anwar MalangJl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No 2 Malang 65333*)e-mail: [email protected] fungsi manajerial kepala ruang yang optimal merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja ketua tim dan berdampak pada kualitas pelayanan keperawatan. Fenomena yang terjadi di rumah sakit seringkali kepala ruang disibukkan dengan kegiatan rapat yang diadakan manajemen rumah sakit sehingga pelaksanaan peran dan fungsi kepala ruangan sebagai supervisor klinis yang menjadi konsultan bagi ketua tim dalam asuhan keperawatan sering terabaikan. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pelaksanaan fungsi manajerial kepala ruang (perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengawasan) terhadap kinerja ketua tim. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional di 13 Ruang Rawat Inap RSU Dr Saiful Anwar Malang yang menggunakan metode penugasan tim. Jumlah responden adalah sebanyak 39 responden terdiri dari 13 kepala ruangan dan dan 26 ketua tim. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner untuk variabel pelaksanaan fungsi manajerial kepala ruang (perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengawasan) dan kinerja ketua tim dengan cara penilaian dengan pendekatan penilaian 360 derajat didasarkan pada penilaian diri sendiri, rekan kerja dan atasan langsung. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis product moment didapatkan bahwa ada pengaruh pelaksanaan fungsi manajerial kepala ruangan terhadap kinerja ketua tim (p = 0,00 r = 0,905). Hasil regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa hanya pelaksanaan fungsi perencanaan yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja ketua tim (p = 0,039 B = 4,150). Kesimpulannya bahwa semakin tinggi pelaksanaan fungsi perencanaan yang dilakukan oleh kepala ruangan maka semakin baik pula kinerja ketua tim. Implikasi terhadap keperawatan pada penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukan peningkatan kemampuan fungsi perencanaan kepala ruangan melalui pelatihan perencanaan strategi dan pengembangan konsep manajerial keperawatan.Kata kunci: metode tim, fungsi manajerial, dan kinerja ABSTRACTOptimum implementation of ward head managerial function is one of factors that influence working of the team head and effects on the quality of nursing care. Phenomenon that often happens in hospital is ward head is always busy with meetings held by hospital management so ward head cannot implement his role and function to his members. Purpose of this research is to know how much the influence of implementation of ward head managerial function (planning, organizing, actuating and controlling) to head team's work. The research design is using observation analytical with cross sectional approach in 13 wards in Dr Saiful Anwar general hospital Malang. Respondents in this research consist of 13 head ward and 26 head team. Using questionnaires as instrument to measure the ward head managerial function and head team work by observation from 360 degrees approach (self evaluation, team, chairman). There is influence of ward head managerial function to the work of head team (p = 0,00 r = 0,905). Double linier regression test shows that only managerial function has influence to the work of head team (p = 0,039 B = 4,150). The conclusion is if managerial function higher, the work of head team is also higher. Nursing implication of this research is increasing managerial function of ward head is important through training strategy plan and nursing managerial concepts
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