1,720,953 research outputs found
Evolucionizаm u frаncuskoj umetnosti druge polovine 19. i početkom 20. vekа
Full text linkFilozofski fakultetКонцепт еволуционизма у уметности био је интернационални феномен, који је на простору
Француске у другој половини 19. и почетком 20. века имао јединствен визуелни изражај.
Томе је допринела чињеница да је Француска имала век напора просветитеља да се објасне
промене у природи, што је претходило појави теорије еволуције Чарлса Дарвина. У првој
половини 19. века, Жан-Батист Ламарк је представио своју трансформистичку теорију, те је у
француској култури сматран оцем еволуције. Са појавом Дарвинове теорије од друге
половине столећа, приметно је раздвајање између оних који су подржавали његове принципе
еволуције и са друге стране, оних који су заговарали нео-ламаркизам карактеристичан за овај
период. У визуелној култури је такође дошло до ове дистинкције, те се у овом раду
истражује на које су начине уметници који су деловали на француском простору
интерпретирали еволуционистичке идеје. Настанак дела у уметничком феномену
еволуционизма, био је одређен многобројним научним окткрићима на пољу теорија
еволуције, праисторијске археологије, антропологије, компаративне анатомије и других
сродних дисциплина. Пад Другог француског царства, Француско-пруски рат и оснивање
Треће републике, били су историјско-политички контекст који пружа идејни оквир
уметничком стваралаштву у овом пољу. Инспирацију за своје представе, уметници су
проналазили како у природњачким наукама, чија су достигнућа популаризована у
институцијама попут Природњачког музеја у Паризу и на Универзалним изложбама, тако и у
научно-популарним романима и оновременој француској књижевности. Концепт
еволуционизма се не може ограничити на један уметнички стил или правац, због чега ће се
дела унутар њега, овде систематизовати према темама и мотивима које су у дугом
временском периоду заокупљале машту уметника. Распрострањена тема у концепту
еволуционизма био је приказ далеке, праисторијске прошлости, у којој су се представљали
мотиви свакодневног живота предака савремених људи. Кроз представе првог уметника, лова
на препотопне животиње, праисторијских заната, дома и породице у дубокој прошлости,
уметници су репрезентовали нео-ламаркистичку визију прогресивне, праволинијске
еволуције која је сведочила о славној прошлости француске нације. Национализација
праисторије за време Треће француске републике, допринела је свеопштој потрази за
пореклом у оквирима политичког пројекта реванша. Са друге стране, након Францускопруског рата, долази и до уздрманог колективног поимања идентитета, те су питања борбе,
дегенерације и примитивног порекла људи све више преокупирала умове људи. Због тога се
у овој дисертацији истражују радови уметника који су пратећи дарвинистичке идеје,
креирали представе борбе за опстанак, сексуалне селекције и биолошких хибрида. Биће
истражена и дела уметника који су на потпуно аутентичан начин користили ликове из
античке митологије и библијске историје и премештали их у нови, еволуционистички
наратив. Дисертација обједињује радове више од четрдесет уметника, од којих је већина до
сада остала непозната широј јавности. Истражује однос између оновремених научних
открића и уметности, форме и функције уметничких дела која су преносила
еволуционистичке идеје, и расветљава њихов значај у култури и уметности.The concept of evolutionism in art was an international phenomenon, which had a unique visual
expression in France in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. This was
contributed by the fact that France had a century of efforts to explain changes in nature, in the age
of the Enlightenment, which preceded the appearance of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. In
the first half of the 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck presented his theory of transformation, and
was considered the father of evolution in French culture. With the emergence of Darwin's theory
from the second half of the century, it comes to a noticeable separation between those who
supported his principles of evolution and on the other hand, those who advocated the neolamarckism typical for that time. This distinction also occurred in visual culture, and this document
investigates the ways in which artists who worked in France interpreted evolutionist ideas. The
emergence of works in the artistic phenomenon of evolutionism was determined by numerous
scientific discoveries in the field of theories of evolution, prehistoric archaeology, anthropology,
comparative anatomy and other related disciplines. The fall of the Second French Empire, the
Franco-Prussian War and the founding of the Third Republic were the historical and political
context that provides the conceptual framework for artistic creation in this field. Artists found
inspiration for their works both in the natural sciences, whose achievements were popularized in
institutions such as the Natural History Museum in Paris and at the Universal Exhibitions, as well as
in science-fiction novels and contemporary French literature. The concept of evolutionism cannot
be limited to one artistic style or movement, which is why the works within it will be systematized
here according to themes and motifs that have captured the imagination of artists for a long period
of time. A widespread theme in the concept of evolutionism was the representation of the distant,
prehistoric past, in which the motifs of the everyday life of the ancestors of modern people were
presented. Through representations of the first artist, hunting of antediluvian animals, prehistoric
crafts, home and family in the deep past, the artists represented a neo-lamarckist vision of
progressive, rectilinear evolution that testified to the glorious past of the French nation. The
nationalization of prehistory during the Third French Republic contributed to the general search for
origins within the political project of revanchism. On the other hand, after the Franco-Prussian War,
the collective understanding of identity was shaken, and the issues of struggle, degeneration and
primitive origin of people increasingly preoccupied people's minds. Therefore, this dissertation
explores the works of artists who, following Darwinian ideas, created representations of the struggle
for survival, sexual selection and biological hybrids. There will also be explored the works of artists
who used characters from ancient mythology and biblical history in a completely authentic way and
moved them into a new, evolutionist narrative. The dissertation brings together the works of more
than forty artists, most of whom have remained unknown to the general public until now. It explores
the relationship between contemporary scientific discoveries and art, the form and function of
artworks that conveyed evolutionist ideas, and sheds light on their significance in culture and art.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
