1,720,976 research outputs found
The influence of innervation on neuronal nitric oxide synthase isoform expression in rat skeletal muscle
No full textCILJ Cilj ovog istraživanja je proučiti ispoljavanje neuronalne sintetaze dušikova monoksida (nNOS) u brzim i sporim skeletnim mišićima štakora obzirom na tip mišićnih vlakana. Cilj ovog rada također je utvrditi utjecaj denervacije i električne stimulacije na ekspresiju nNOS-a u brzim i sporim mišićima te proučiti na koji način proces regeneracije utječe na ispoljavanje nNOS-a. MATERIJAL I METODE U ovom radu korišteni su Wistar štakori a imunohistokemijska metoda te Western blot analiza primjenjena je na brzim (m. extensor digitorum longus i m. tibialis anterior) i sporim (m. soleus) skeletnim mišićima. U jednoj pokusnoj skupini izvršena je denervacija mišića presijecanjem n. ischiadicusa proksimalno od njegova grananja. U drugoj pokusnoj skupini mišići su električki stimulirani pomoću inplantiranih elektroda. U trećoj skupini životinja proces regeneracije induciran je ubrizgavanjem lokalnog anestetika bupivakaina u mišić. Svaka skupina sadrži 8 životinja a mišići kontralateralne strane predstavljaju kontrolu. REZULTATI Imunohistokemijskom metodom pokazali smo da je nNOS najjače ispoljen u brzim vlaknima tipa IIA i IIX, puno slabije u vlaknima tip I dok uopće nije prisutan na sarkolemi vlakana tipa IIB. Western blot analizom dokazali smo značajno smanjenje ekpresije nNOS-a na sarkolemi denerviranih sporih i brzih mišića. Također smo pokazali da je električnom stimulacijom sporog mišića moguće pobuditi ispoljavanje nNOS-a do razine brzog mišića. Konačno, uočili smo prolaznu inhibiciju nNOS ekspresije tijekom procesa regeneracije u skeletnom mišiću. Deset dana nakon injekcije bupivakaina vrijednosti nNOS-a vraćaju se na normalne vrijednosti. ZAKLJUČAK Rezultati pokazuju da je ispoljavanje nNOS-a specifično je za određeni tip mišićnih vlakana. Ključni zaključak koji iz ovog rada proizlazi je da živčana aktivnost regulira ekspresiju nNOS-a u skeletnom mišiću te da nNOS može biti odgovoran u patogenezi nekih neuromišićnih oboljenja
The influence of innervation on neuronal nitric oxide synthase isoform expression in rat skeletal muscle
No full textCILJ Cilj ovog istraživanja je proučiti ispoljavanje neuronalne sintetaze dušikova monoksida (nNOS) u brzim i sporim skeletnim mišićima štakora obzirom na tip mišićnih vlakana. Cilj ovog rada također je utvrditi utjecaj denervacije i električne stimulacije na ekspresiju nNOS-a u brzim i sporim mišićima te proučiti na koji način proces regeneracije utječe na ispoljavanje nNOS-a. MATERIJAL I METODE U ovom radu korišteni su Wistar štakori a imunohistokemijska metoda te Western blot analiza primjenjena je na brzim (m. extensor digitorum longus i m. tibialis anterior) i sporim (m. soleus) skeletnim mišićima. U jednoj pokusnoj skupini izvršena je denervacija mišića presijecanjem n. ischiadicusa proksimalno od njegova grananja. U drugoj pokusnoj skupini mišići su električki stimulirani pomoću inplantiranih elektroda. U trećoj skupini životinja proces regeneracije induciran je ubrizgavanjem lokalnog anestetika bupivakaina u mišić. Svaka skupina sadrži 8 životinja a mišići kontralateralne strane predstavljaju kontrolu. REZULTATI Imunohistokemijskom metodom pokazali smo da je nNOS najjače ispoljen u brzim vlaknima tipa IIA i IIX, puno slabije u vlaknima tip I dok uopće nije prisutan na sarkolemi vlakana tipa IIB. Western blot analizom dokazali smo značajno smanjenje ekpresije nNOS-a na sarkolemi denerviranih sporih i brzih mišića. Također smo pokazali da je električnom stimulacijom sporog mišića moguće pobuditi ispoljavanje nNOS-a do razine brzog mišića. Konačno, uočili smo prolaznu inhibiciju nNOS ekspresije tijekom procesa regeneracije u skeletnom mišiću. Deset dana nakon injekcije bupivakaina vrijednosti nNOS-a vraćaju se na normalne vrijednosti. ZAKLJUČAK Rezultati pokazuju da je ispoljavanje nNOS-a specifično je za određeni tip mišićnih vlakana. Ključni zaključak koji iz ovog rada proizlazi je da živčana aktivnost regulira ekspresiju nNOS-a u skeletnom mišiću te da nNOS može biti odgovoran u patogenezi nekih neuromišićnih oboljenja
Application of algometry in patients with cervical and lumbar radiculopathy
Full text linkUvod: Radikulopatija je obično praćena bolovima i drugim senzornim i motornim poremećajima, uz smanjenje kvaliteta života u različitom obimu. Algometrija kao visokosenzitivna metoda pruža objektivan uvid u stepen bola, dok se upotrebom upitnika na jednostavan način mogu proceniti karakteristike bola i biopsihosocijalni status pacijenta. Cilj: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se izmerili prag bola i prag tolerancije na bol kod pacijenata sa cervikalnom i lumbalnom radikulopatijom i utvrdila moguća povezanost bola sa biopsihosocijalnim faktorima. Materijal i metode: Studijom je pre započinjanja i posle završavanja terapijskog ciklusa ispitano 60 pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanom cervikalnom radikulopatijom (30 muškaraca i 30 žena) i 60 pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanom lumbalnom radikulopatijom (30 muškaraca i 30 žena). Svi pacijenti su bili hospitalno lečeni u okviru Klinike za medicinsku rehabilitaciju, Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu, a terapijski ciklus je u proseku trajao 14-21 dan. U istraživanju su korišćenitest za detekciju bola (Pain Detect Test), kratki upitnik o bolu (Brief Pain Inventory), indeks onesposobljenosti zbog bolova u vratu (Neck Disability Index), Kvebekova skala onesposobljenosti kod lumbalnog sindroma (Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale), bolnička skala za anksioznost i depresiju (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), upitnik za procenu prisustva straha od fizičke aktivnosti/posla i njihovog izbegavanja (The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire) i skala katastrofizma bola (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Rezultati: Nije uočena statistički značajna razlika algometrijskih vrednosti između pacijenata sa cervikalnom radikulopatijom i pacijenata sa lumbalnom radikulopatijom. Ustanovljeno je da osobe ženskog pola imaju niži prag bola i nižu toleranciju na bol od osoba muškog pola. Poređenjem algometrijskih vrednosti pre započinjanja i posle završavanja terapijskog ciklusa zapaža se da je program rehabilitacije povoljno uticao na pacijente sa lumbalnom radikulopatijom, dok je kod pacijenata sa cervikalnom radikulopatijom došlo do pogoršanja tegoba. Prisutna je negativna korelacija između vrednosti izmerenih algometrom i skorova za anksioznost, depresiju i strah od fizičke aktivnost i posla, što znači da biopsihosocijalni faktori u velikoj meri utiču na bolnost. Zaključci: Kvantifikovanje i mapiranje bola uz pomoć algometra i utvrđivanje biopsihosocijalnog statusa putem upitnika će omogućiti primenu adekvatne terapije kod pacijenata, koja je zasnovana na individualnom pristupu. Istovremeno bi primenjenom metodologijom bila postignuta bolja verifikacija rezultata rehabilitacionog programa.Introduction: Radiculopathy is usually accompained by pain and other sensory and motor disorders, with reducing the quality of life in different extent. Algometry as a highly sensitive method provides objective insight into the degree of pain, while the use of questionnaires in a simple way can estimate the characteristics of pain and the patient's biopsychosocial status. Objective: The study was conducted in order to measure the pressure pain threshold and pressure pain tolerance threshold in patients with cervical and lumbar radiculopathy and found a possible association of pain with the biopsychosocial factors. Materials and methods: The study examined 60 patients with cervical radiculopathy (30 men and 30 women) and 60 patients with lumbar radiculopathy (30 men and 30 women) before starting and after finishing treatment cycle. All patients were hospitalized in the Clinic for Medical Rehabilitation, Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, and a treatment cycle lasted an average of 14-21 days. Research was conducted using Pain Detect Test, Brief Pain Inventory, Neck Disability Index, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Results: There was no statisticallly significant difference in algometric values between patients with cervical radiculopathy and patients with lumbar radiculopathy. It was found that females have a lower pressure pain threshold and lower tolerance to pain than males. Comparing algometric values before starting and after finishing treatment cycle can be noted that the program of rehabilitation favorable influence on patients with lumbar radiculopathy, while in patients with cervical radiculopathy occured deterioration in subjective symptoms. There is a negative correlation between values measured by algometer and scores for anxiety, depression and fear of physical activity and work, which means that biopsychosocial factors greatly affect the pain. Conclusions: Quantification and mapping the pain by algometer and determination of biopsychosocial status through questionnaires will provide the implementation of appropriate therapy for patients, which is based on individual approach. At the same time, the applied methodology would be achieved better verification of the results in rehabilitation program
Application of algometry in patients with cervical and lumbar radiculopathy
Full text linkUvod: Radikulopatija je obično praćena bolovima i drugim senzornim i motornim poremećajima, uz smanjenje kvaliteta života u različitom obimu. Algometrija kao visokosenzitivna metoda pruža objektivan uvid u stepen bola, dok se upotrebom upitnika na jednostavan način mogu proceniti karakteristike bola i biopsihosocijalni status pacijenta. Cilj: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se izmerili prag bola i prag tolerancije na bol kod pacijenata sa cervikalnom i lumbalnom radikulopatijom i utvrdila moguća povezanost bola sa biopsihosocijalnim faktorima. Materijal i metode: Studijom je pre započinjanja i posle završavanja terapijskog ciklusa ispitano 60 pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanom cervikalnom radikulopatijom (30 muškaraca i 30 žena) i 60 pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanom lumbalnom radikulopatijom (30 muškaraca i 30 žena). Svi pacijenti su bili hospitalno lečeni u okviru Klinike za medicinsku rehabilitaciju, Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu, a terapijski ciklus je u proseku trajao 14-21 dan. U istraživanju su korišćenitest za detekciju bola (Pain Detect Test), kratki upitnik o bolu (Brief Pain Inventory), indeks onesposobljenosti zbog bolova u vratu (Neck Disability Index), Kvebekova skala onesposobljenosti kod lumbalnog sindroma (Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale), bolnička skala za anksioznost i depresiju (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), upitnik za procenu prisustva straha od fizičke aktivnosti/posla i njihovog izbegavanja (The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire) i skala katastrofizma bola (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Rezultati: Nije uočena statistički značajna razlika algometrijskih vrednosti između pacijenata sa cervikalnom radikulopatijom i pacijenata sa lumbalnom radikulopatijom. Ustanovljeno je da osobe ženskog pola imaju niži prag bola i nižu toleranciju na bol od osoba muškog pola. Poređenjem algometrijskih vrednosti pre započinjanja i posle završavanja terapijskog ciklusa zapaža se da je program rehabilitacije povoljno uticao na pacijente sa lumbalnom radikulopatijom, dok je kod pacijenata sa cervikalnom radikulopatijom došlo do pogoršanja tegoba. Prisutna je negativna korelacija između vrednosti izmerenih algometrom i skorova za anksioznost, depresiju i strah od fizičke aktivnost i posla, što znači da biopsihosocijalni faktori u velikoj meri utiču na bolnost. Zaključci: Kvantifikovanje i mapiranje bola uz pomoć algometra i utvrđivanje biopsihosocijalnog statusa putem upitnika će omogućiti primenu adekvatne terapije kod pacijenata, koja je zasnovana na individualnom pristupu. Istovremeno bi primenjenom metodologijom bila postignuta bolja verifikacija rezultata rehabilitacionog programa.Introduction: Radiculopathy is usually accompained by pain and other sensory and motor disorders, with reducing the quality of life in different extent. Algometry as a highly sensitive method provides objective insight into the degree of pain, while the use of questionnaires in a simple way can estimate the characteristics of pain and the patient's biopsychosocial status. Objective: The study was conducted in order to measure the pressure pain threshold and pressure pain tolerance threshold in patients with cervical and lumbar radiculopathy and found a possible association of pain with the biopsychosocial factors. Materials and methods: The study examined 60 patients with cervical radiculopathy (30 men and 30 women) and 60 patients with lumbar radiculopathy (30 men and 30 women) before starting and after finishing treatment cycle. All patients were hospitalized in the Clinic for Medical Rehabilitation, Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, and a treatment cycle lasted an average of 14-21 days. Research was conducted using Pain Detect Test, Brief Pain Inventory, Neck Disability Index, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Results: There was no statisticallly significant difference in algometric values between patients with cervical radiculopathy and patients with lumbar radiculopathy. It was found that females have a lower pressure pain threshold and lower tolerance to pain than males. Comparing algometric values before starting and after finishing treatment cycle can be noted that the program of rehabilitation favorable influence on patients with lumbar radiculopathy, while in patients with cervical radiculopathy occured deterioration in subjective symptoms. There is a negative correlation between values measured by algometer and scores for anxiety, depression and fear of physical activity and work, which means that biopsychosocial factors greatly affect the pain. Conclusions: Quantification and mapping the pain by algometer and determination of biopsychosocial status through questionnaires will provide the implementation of appropriate therapy for patients, which is based on individual approach. At the same time, the applied methodology would be achieved better verification of the results in rehabilitation program
Ozone Therapy in Medicine and Dentistry
Full text linkCilj je ovog preglednog rada prikazati sažetak trenutnog stanja primjene terapije ozonom u medicini i dentalnoj medicini na temelju pretraživanja znanstvenih članaka i kliničkih studija. Pretraživanjem tražilice PubMed uočen je značajan porast broja kliničkih istraživanja u periodu od 2015. do danas, a posebno u posljednje tri godine, što ukazuje na sve veći interes za kliničku primjenu. Tome pridonosi razvoj sigurnih uređaja i načina uporabe. Ozon je otkriven prije više od stotinu godina i od tada se široko koristi u mnogim područjima uključujući mnoge grane medicine. Mnogobrojne studije dokazale su pozitivan učinak ozona na antioksidativni kapacitet, kao i na modulacije u vaskularnom, hematološkom i imunološkom sustavu, ali i njegovu efikasnost ako se primjenjuje kao adjuvans u konvencionalnim terapijama. Snažan oksidacijski učinak ozona omogućava suzbijanje gotovo svih mikroorganizama, zbog čega ozon ima baktericidna, virucidna i fungicidna svojstva. Međutim, unatoč korisnim učincima koji mu omogućuju široku primjenu u medicini, primjena u dentalnoj medicini nije pokazala očekivanu učinkovitost. Lokalna primjena ozona, kao antimikrobnog sredstva za nekirurško liječenje parodontne bolesti, dobar je alat potpore parodontnoj terapiji.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the status of the use of ozone therapy in medicine and dentistry, based on a search for scientific articles and clinical studies. A search in the PubMed search engine revealed a positive trend, namely a significant increase in clinical research in the period from 2015. to date, especially in the last three years, indicating an increasing interest in clinical application. The development of safe devices and application methods contributes to this. Ozone was discovered over a hundred years ago and has since been used in many areas, including medicine. Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effect of ozone on antioxidant capacity and on modulations in the vascular, haematological and immunological systems, as well as its effectiveness as an adjunct to conventional therapies. The strong oxidising effect of ozone enables the suppression of almost all microorganisms, which is why ozone exhibits bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal properties. However, despite the positive effects that enable its broad application in medicine, the use of ozone in dentistry has not shown the expected effectiveness. The local application of ozone as an antimicrobial agent for the non-surgical treatment of periodontal diseases is a good tool to support periodontal therapy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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