1,720,968 research outputs found
Crimea in Great Powers’ Foreign Policy: Borderland – Conflict – Destabilization
No full textPołożenie Krymu na pograniczu cywilizacji, kultur, religii, gdzie mieszkają przedstawiciele różnych grup etnicznych w połączeniu z położeniem półwyspu na pograniczu „euroazjatyckich Bałkanów”, który to obszar charakteryzuje się nie tylko niestabilnością, lecz także słabością organizmów państwowych dodatkowo komplikuje już i tak niełatwą sytuację. Mamy do czynienia z zachodzącymi na siebie warstwami, które komplikują wszelkie rozsądne rozwiązania. Burzliwa historia splatająca losy wielu narodów, istotna rola półwyspu ze względów strategicznych, szczególnie w kontekście Floty Czarnomorskiej, autonomiczne ciągotki miejscowych władz i niepewna pozycja w polityce, gospodarce i życiu społecznym krymskich Tatarów tworzą wybuchową mieszankę.In this paper author introduce the Black Sea region's various actors opinions of Crimea. He concentrate attention to Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the United States. Author also raise the Crimea's issue in Russians history. The text explains also importance of this area in “grand cheassboard” theory. To this purpose elaborate the instruments impact held by Turkey and the situation of the Crimean Tatars. Author also discuss about the value of Crimea for Kiev. Besides, there were analyzed factors which destabilizing situation in the Crimea in the long term, and that could lead to the emergence of para-state in penisual. At the end the author summarizes the topics discussed which were discussed and presents possible scenarios of the situation development
Małe państwo a kryzys: Postawa Litwy, Łotwy i Estonii wobec protestów na Białorusi w sierpniu 2020 r.
No full textThis article is dedicated to the attitudes of the Baltic States towards the protests in Belarus in August 2020. The analysis uses the category of a small state. It seems to best characterise the role of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in international relations. The first part of this article describes the relations of these three countries with Belarus before 2020. Then, the emphasis is put on the instruments and strategies which have been used by the Baltic States towards Belarus since the presidential elections in August 2020. The article discusses the role of a regional, expert, hidden subjectivity using multilateral formats, good services, entrepreneurial and silent diplomacy. In his considerations, the author presents the reactions of the authorities and societies. The article is based on state documents, analyses, politicians’ speeches, press materials and literature on the subject
Issue of nationality in eastern policy Pilsudski movement’s : condition - evolution - hiers
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The BRICS’ weakest link. Concepts and barriers of Russia modernization.
No full textEsej omawia program modernizacji Rosji rozpoczęty przez Dmitrija Miedwiediewa w 2009 roku, w kontekście dotychczasowych prób unowocześnienia Rosji. Przeanalizowane zostały bariery gospodarcze, polityczne i społeczne z jakimi muszą zmierzyć się rosyjscy politycy. Autor przedstawia zagadnienie odwołując się do przykładów o charakterze historycznym a także doświadczenia w reformowaniu gospodarki w pozostałych krajach BRICS. Przeprowadzona analiza prowadzi do wniosków, iż Rosja to „najbardziej nietypowy aktor” w tym klubie.The paper concerns the process of Russia modernization, implemented by Dmitry Medvedev in 2009, putting it in the context of the previous attempts at Russia modernization. I perform an analysis of the economical, political and social barriers faced by Russian politicians, supplemented by the references to historical examples and the experience of the modernization of the economy in other BRIC countries. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Russia is “the most uncharacteristic actor” in the club
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ENERGY SECURITY OF CENTRALEASTERN EUROPE
No full textThe paper addresses the issue of geopolitical ideas in term of energy security in
the area Central and East Europe in the early 21st century. Main point of
academic paper focuses on geopolitical dimension of “Nord Stream” and the
chance of success of “Energy Intermarium” conception. Hence a considerable
part of paper applies to the historical ideas and their influence on
independence of states in Central Europe (“Intermarium” idea), especially in
the face threat of cooperation between Germany and Russia
Between “Jagiellonian Poland” and “Piast Poland”. The Reception and Timeliness of the ULB Concept in Eastern Policy of the Coalition Civic Platfom-Polish People’s Party
No full textKoncepcja ULB została ukształtowana przez paryską „Kulturę”. Wykazuje ona
podobieństwo do myśli piłsudczyków. Jej główne założenie zawiera się w haśle
przypisywanym Jerzemu Giedroyciowi: „Nie ma wolnej Polski, bez niepodległej
Ukrainy”. Zmiany jakie nastąpiły na mapie świata wraz z rozpadem Związku
Radzieckiego sprawiły, iż koncepcja polskiej polityki wschodniej musiała ulec
zmianie. Od 1989 r. aż do „pomarańczowej rewolucji", polscy decydenci
deklarowali, iż program „Kultury” pełni istotną rolę we wschodniej polityce
zagranicznej. Jednak obszar ULB nie stanowi już monolitu. Istotnym aktorem stała
się Unia Europejska. Czy wobec tych zmian, Polska nadal ma bezwarunkowo
wspierać tamtejsze elity i lobbować na ich rzecz w Europie? Okres od jesieni 2007
r., gdy koalicja PO-PSL objęła rządy, to interesujący czas w zakresie polityki
wschodniej. Jego przeanalizowanie pozwoli odpowiedzieć na pytanie ile w
realizowanej polityce kontynuacji a ile zmiany.The concept of the ULB has been shaped by the Paris “Culture” journal. It
shows similarity to the idea of Pilsudski’s. Its main assumption is contained in the
slogan attributed to Jerzy Giedroyć: “There is no free Poland without free Ukraine”.
The Changes which have taken place on the world map with the disintegration of
the Soviet Union meant, that the concept of Polish Eastern policy had to be
changed. From 1989 until the “Orange Revolution”, Polish policy makers declared
that the “Culture” plays an important role in the Eastern foreign policy. However
ULB area is no longer a monolith. Important actor became the European Union
The Annexation of Crimea from the Perspective of Decade: Lessons for Threatened by Russian Aggression
No full textGłównym celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie okoliczności aneksji ukraińskiego Krymu przez Rosję z perspektywy dekady. Na terenie półwyspu żyje liczna ludność rosyjskojęzyczna, dodatkowo zamieszkuje go duża społeczność Tatarów Krymskich. Stąd warto przeanalizować przebieg aneksji Krymu poprzez zaprezentowanie rosyjskiej narracji od Rewolucji Godności po referendum na Krymie, omówienie oporu Tatarów Krymskich oraz rosyjskich represji. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o dokumenty, wystąpienia polityków, analizy, materiały prasowe i literaturę przedmiotu. Rezultatem jest próba znalezienia strategii właściwej dla państw zagrożonych rosyjską agresją.The main aim of this paper is to present the annexation process of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia from the perspective of a decade. There have been lived numerous Russian‑ speaking people, and a large community of Crimean Tatars. Hence, it is worth analyzing the reconstruction of the annexation of Crimea by presenting the Russian narrative from the Revolution of Dignity to the referendum in Crimea; discussion of the resistance of the Crimean Tatars and Russian repression. The paper will be based on a behavioral approach. It will focus on content analysis: state documents, politicians’ speeches, press materials, analysis, and literature. As a result of the paper, it will find the best strategy for states, which are potentially threatened by Russian aggression
Richard Pipes: A Life Against the Tide (1923-2018)
No full textThe article discusses the life and work of the outstanding Sovietologist Richard Pipes, who was born in a Polonized Jewish family in Polish Cieszyn. After an adventurous trip to the United States in 1939 and 1940, he graduated in history from Harvard University and devoted himself to scientific work. For the next half a century, Pipes dealt with the historical and contemporary aspects of Russia. In his numerous publications, including more than 20 monographs, he emphasised that the Soviet Union continued rather than broke with the political practice of tsarist Russia. In his professional work, he thus contested views prevailing among American researchers and society. From the 1960s, Pipes was involved in political activities. He was sceptical about détente, advocating more decisive actions towards the Soviet Union. Between 1981 and 1983, he was the director of the Department of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the National Security Council in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. Although retiring in 1996, he did not give up his scientific activity. Pipes died on 17 May 2018; according to his last will, his private book collection of 3,500 volumes has been donated to the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences
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