68 research outputs found
Application of system safety framework in hybrid socio-technical environment of Eurasia
No full textThesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93).The political transformation and transition of post-Soviet societies have led to hybrid structures in political, economic and technological domains. In such hybrid structures the roles of government, state enterprise, private business and civil society are not clearly defined. These roles shift depending on formal and informal interests, availability and competition for limited resources, direct and indirect financial benefits, internal and external agendas. In an abstract sense, a hybrid is "anything derived from heterogeneous sources, or composed of elements of different or incongruous kinds" (Hybrid). If transition is a process from one state to another, hybrid is a state unto itself. In the context of this thesis Hybrid Socio-Technical Environment means the co-existence of different institutions and policies, state and private business entities, old and new technologies, managerial models and practices of planning and market economies, collectivist and individualist value systems. Rapid technological progress, coupled with shifts in political and economic structures, may produce long-lasting disturbances in a society. Such disturbances are result of the hybrid society's contradictory nature. Some of these disturbances appear in the form of large-scale systemic accidents, such as the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station accident. The rigid and outdated Soviet socio-technical system was broken down into multiple independent systems and subsystems to increase operational flexibility, with very limited capital investment. A twenty-year transition period (1990-2010), proved the survivability of the Soviet system, which was able to perform its primary functions even with partial capacity. However, recent large-scale accidents are clear signs that the system is stretching beyond its limits. Changes in the socio-technical landscape (multiple stakeholders and variety of interests) suggest that the traditional approaches of Reliability Theory, with its inward focus, may not be an effective tool in identifying emerging challenges. The outward-focused System theory approach takes into consideration key characteristics of the changing hybrid socio-technical landscape, as well as motivations of multiple stakeholders. The research concludes that insufficient capital investment and backlog in maintenance shifts are key systemic factors that allow migration of organizational behavior from a safe to an unsafe state. Additional analysis has to be conducted to prove this conclusion.by Azamat Abdymomunov.S.M.in Engineering and Managemen
Security services of the NKVD-NKGB of Kabardino-Balkaria in the fight against German sabotage (1942-1944)
No full textThe paper considers the most intense period of work of the People’s Commissariats of Internal Affairs and State Security (NKVD-NKGB) of Kabardino-Balkaria during the Great Patriotic War in their fight against Nazi German sabotage operations. It is shown that purposeful policy to destabilize the Soviet rear has overcome two stages. Security agencies had a hard time dealing with sabotage during the battle for the Caucasus between November 1943 and August 1944. Based on documentary materials, the author reveals the course of work of the NKVD-NGKB bodies in the fight against enemy agents, contribution of individual employees and population to security, special operations in the occupied area. The author concludes that, contrary to the statement of H. Himmler in 1944, sabotage in the Caucasus, including Kabardino-Balkaria, did not bring Berlin the expected results. The invisible front played an important role in maintaining stability of the Soviet rear anddestroying Nazi Germany’s plans to create a “fifth column” in Kabardino-Balkaria
Conceptual Metaphors of Science : Prolegomena to a Cognitive History of Science
No full textThe cognitive abilities explained by cognitive science and cognitive semantics can inform us concerning the use of metaphors in science. The thesis is that abstract ideas rest on experiences of the concrete world. In this paper I will explain the use of conceptual metaphors in science, with examples from the mechanistic worldview of the 17th and 18th century. If we proceed from the way people think in general, their mental abilities, reason and cognition, we could get close to an understanding of how scientists during the scientific revolution shaped their ideas about the invisible geometry of matter. This is a cognitive history of ideas. What is called the ‘cognitive turn’ in the humanities has generated vigorous growth of research, for example, in cognitive poetics, neuroaesthetics, and cognitive anthropology. These approaches try to arrive at an understanding of creative processes. In the historical sciences there is also a growing interest in cognitive-historical analyses, particularly in archaeology and history of science. The aim of the cognitive history of science is to reconstruct scientific thinking on the basis of cognitive theories. The starting point for a cognitive history of ideas that I defend here is that philosophy, science, and mathematics do not really happen just in texts, in language, in laboratories, or in social contexts, but in brains and minds in interaction with the world around the subject, and are thus connected to the body, to perception, thoughts, and feelings. We humans are captured in our brains situated in the world, we are dependent on our thoughts and senses, our prior knowledge, our mental images, when we try to create a picture of the world. Science, in other words, is shaped by our distinctive way of reasoning, not least in metaphors
REFLECTIONS ABOUT MORPHOLOGICAL EXPRESSERS OF RESPECT AND DISRESPECT CONCEPTS
No full textThe reflections about expressing respect and disrespect concepts in Uzbek language are stated in this article. Together with this, the tasks of pragmatic linguistics, as well as the views of author on the term of the concept are described. The role of respect and disrespect concepts in the Uzbek communication is unique. It is undoubtedly that morphological integrity is the leader in expressing any concept because the Uzbek language is agglutinative synthetic character. It is clear shown that the psychological respect and disrespect is not fully covered in linguistic expressing respect and disrespect, as well as the morphological means of expressing the respect cannot be only indicator of respect in discourse. However, there are some morphological forms which indicate to express the respect or disrespect concept, analyze about their role in the Uzbek communication behavior is discussed in this article. Such linguistic units become the nucleus in expressing the particular concept. But nonlinguistic expressioners also influence the linguistic core nature. According to the conclusion of the author, the study of the synchronous and diachronic nature of the concepts which exist in the linguistic mind of the particular people, must be an integral part of the study of the history of this nation. Consequently, analyzing the respect and disrespect concept in the Uzbek communication custom illuminates not only the anthropolinguistic description of this nation, but also historical description
Improving Water Use Efficiency Through Innovative Technologies in Irrigation and Agriculture in the Fergana Valley
No full textFinal report on ET-based irrigation scheduling research in Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. Fergana Valley farmers still use the Soviet era method of irrigation which divides the
irrigated areas in hydromodule zones (HMZ). Each HMZ has a set of crop–specific
recommendations for irrigation based the soil characteristics (thickness of soil layers, soil
texture) and depth of groundwater table. These recommendations have not been revised
against changes in cultivars and fluctuations in groundwater table during past decades.
The ET-based irrigation scheduling method has the potential to replace subjective daily
water management decisions at WUA level with crop water demand-based decisions to
improve water use efficiency while reducing salinity and waterlogging problems. A study was conducted in which farmer fields falling under HMZ I, II and VIII were
selected. The fields were split into two – one receiving irrigation using traditional HMZ
method and the other receiving irrigation based on the weather station-based ET and soil
moisture data. Results from the two year study indicate that there can be a saving of
approx. 25-35% saving of water in cotton crop and 32-53% saving in winter wheat crop
without any loss of productivity if the weather station-based irrigation advisory system is
adopted in the three HMZs. Similar levels of savings can be expected for the other zones
which could not be studied for lack of sufficient financial support
Optimizing Use of Water for Cotton Production using Evapotranspiration-based Irrigation scheduling Technique in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan
No full textIrrigated agriculture is the backbone of Central Asian economies and efficient irrigation management is of crucial importance to the sustainable crop production. The ET-based irrigation scheduling method has potential to replace subjective daily water management decisions at Water Users Association level with crop water demand-based decisions to improve on-farm water-use efficiency. Results from a two year study conducted in Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan showed that there can be a 25-34% saving of water without any significant change in yield when irrigation is applied using the ET-based scheduling method. The pilot plots are representative of 38% of irrigated area in Fergana Valley (241,407 ha). If this methodology is widely adopted by the WUAs, large amounts of water can be saved which can be diverted for horizontal expansion of agriculture or for other purposes such as supporting ecosystem services
Optimizing cotton irrigation regime using climatic data from mini weather station via evapotranspiration in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan (in Russian)
No full textIrrigated agriculture is the backbone of Central Asian economies and efficient
irrigation management is of crucial importance to the sustainable crop production. The ET-based irrigation scheduling method has potential to replace subjective daily water management decisions at Water Users Association level with crop water demand-based decisions to improve on-farm water-use efficiency. Results from a two year study conducted in Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan showed that there can be a 25-34% saving of water without any significant change in yield when irrigation is applied using the ET-based scheduling method. The pilot plots are representative of 38% of irrigated area in Fergana Valley (241,407 ha). If this methodology is widely adopted by the WUAs, large amounts of water can be saved which can be diverted for horizontal expansion of agriculture or for other purposes such as supporting ecosystem service
INSURANCE INFORMATION RISKS (CYBER INSURANCE)
No full textThe article examines the essence and history of the emergence of information insurance, identifies the stages, features and problems of the development of insurance of information risks at the present time. The article touches upon such an urgent topic for modern reality as insurance of information risks. The characteristic features and the need for this type of insurance are analyzed. The author considers insurance as the main financial method of information risk management. Particular attention is paid to information risks and their insurance. The work describes in detail the objects of insurance, types of insurance risks. The insurance contract is considered, the main stages of its life cycle are reflected
“Amal-I Salih” As an Important Historical Source
No full textManuscripts play an important role to fill the gaps and disclose uncertain pages of history. They provide us with the information of witnesses and stories had happened prior to the author who had heard from contemporaries. Besides that, there are some manuscripts that were written by several authors and generations. The manuscript of “Amal-i Salih” is a two-volume source written by Muhammad Salih Kambu of Baburid period in India. The manuscript provides valuable information about political and diplomatic relations between Ashtarkhanids and India, information about the genealogy of the Ashtarkhanid dynasty, information about the representatives of the political, cultural, and spiritual spheres of Central Asia
RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNING O'QUV JARAYONIGA TA'SIRI
No full text<p><i>Davlatimiz rahbari </i><a href="https://hikmatlar.uz/author/468"><i>Shavkat Mirziyoyev</i></a><i>ning "Dunyoqarashni nima o'zgartiradi – ilm, daromad, manfaat" degan o'gitlari hozirgi Yangi O'zbekiston yoshlarini ilm o'rganishlari uchun eng zo'r motivatsiya deb o'ylayman [1,2]. </i></p>
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