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Ancient DNA: genomic amplification of Roman and medieval bovine bones.
No full textCattle remains (bones and teeth) of both roman and medieval age were collected in the
archaeological site of Ferento (Viterbo, Italy) with the aim of extracting and characterising nucleic acids. Procedures to minimize contamination with modern DNA and to help ancient DNA (aDNA) preservation of the archaeological remains were adopted. Different techniques to extract aDNA
(like Phenol/chloroform extraction) from bovine bones were tested to identify the method that applies to the peculiar characteristics of the study site. Currently, aDNA investigation is mainly based on mtDNA, due to the ease of amplification of the small and high-copied genome and to its usefulness in evolutionary studies. Preliminary amplification of both mitochondrial and nuclear aDNA fragments from samples of Roman and medieval animals were performed and partial specific sequences of mitochondrial D-loop as well as of nuclear genes were obtained. The innovative amplification of nuclear aDNA could enable the analysis of genes involved in specific animal traits, giving insights of ancient economic and cultural uses, as well as providing
information on the origin of modern livestock population
Introgressione criptica di DNA parentale in linee di frumento derivate da ibridazione intergenerica fra Triticum aestivum e Dasypyrum villosum
No full textCytogenetic and DNA molecular analyses have been carried out in three
wheat inbred lines (CS V58, CS V59 and CS V60), derived from Triticum aestivum cv.
‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) Dasypyrum villosum (Dv) intergeneric hybridization, which showed
several Dv-specific phenotypic characters. All lines were found to share with CS the number
(2n=42) and structure of the chromosomes and chromatin from Dv was apparently not
added to their complement. However, Feulgen/DNA cytophotometry showed that there was more nuclear DNA in the lines than in the parental wheat (by 1.85%, 2.76% and 1.26% in CS V58, CVS V59 and CS V60, respectively). AFLP analysis of genomic DNA from the lines, CS and Dv detected a total of 120 polymorphic bands, 7 of which (5.8%) were present in both the lines and Dv but absent in CS. PCR amplification using specific primers revealed, in the genome of the lines, Dv alleles and not CS alleles at two loci (Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B3). These results indicate cryptic introgression of Dv DNA sequences into the genome of the lines. Some implications of this finding are briefly discussed
Transcriptomic analysis of two sheep breeds during lactation, using a new custom microarray platform
No full textWe aim at understanding the genomic influence on milk quality and synthesis by comparing two sheep breeds using sheep-specific microarray technology. From sheep ESTs
deposited at NCBI we generated a chip carrying about 22,000 non-redundant features in quadruplicate, achieving very good technical outcomes. Oligos were in situ generated on chip using the Combimatrix equipment. We analysed the mammary transcriptome in individuals of two sheep
breeds at two lactation stages, to identify genes controlling milk production and metabolic pathways in which these genes are involved. With |FC|>1.4, and p-value≤0.05, 142 and 14 genes resulted differentially expressed in stages 01 and 02, respectively
Genetic variation and relationships among Turkish water buffalo populations
No full textThe genetic variation and relationships among six Turkish water buffalo populations,typical of different regions was assessed using a set of twenty-six heterologous (bovine) microsatellite markers. Between 7 and 17 different alleles were identified per microsatellite in a total of 254 alleles. The average number of alleles across all loci in all the analyzed populations was found to be
12.57. The expected mean heterozygosity (HE) per population was between 0.5 and 0.58. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for 44 locus-population combinations.
Population differentiation was analyzed by estimation of the FST index (values ranging from 0.053 to 0.123) among populations. In the PCA analysis the Merzifon population showed the highest differentiation compared to the others. Also some individuals of the Danamandira population appeared clearly separated. Instead Afyon, Coskun, Pazar and Thural populations represented one single cluster. The assignment of individuals to their source populations, performed using the Bayesian clustering approach implemented in STRUCTURE 2.2 software, has evidenced a high
differentiation of Merzifon and Danamandira populations as well. The results of this study could be useful for the development of conservation strategies of the Turkish buffalo
Nuovi angoli prospettici sull’emigrazione italiana
No full textThe debate on Italian migration in the 21st Centur
