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Applications of stable isotope ratio analysis and site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance in discriminating between synthetic, biosynthetic and natural analogs
No full textPopulation structure and dynamics of two co-occurring invasive alien crayfish species in a small subalpine lake in Trentino: implications for invasive alien species management
No full textThe dataset from two eradication campaigns of two invasive crayfish species, Procambarus clarkiiand Faxonius limosus, co-occurring from 2023 in the ZSP “Lago Costa”, a small subalpine lake in Trentino, was analysed to estimate relevant life parameters, the population structure and growth dynamics, to assess the efficiency of the eradication and the effect of interspecific interactions. Trapping was conducted in 2023 and 2024; captures ofP. clarkii increased in 2024, while those of F. limosus decreased, likely due to competitive interactions with P. clarkii. The 2023 campaign showed the spatial expansion of P. clarkii from its likely introduction point; from 2023 to 2024 the great competitive ability of this species forced F. limosus towards refuge areas. The population of P. clarkii had a complex population structure, with 4-5 size classes, suggesting effective reproduction and annual recruitment of new generations. Captured males ofF. limosus males were distributed mainly in 2-3 size classes, females in 4-5 five classes. Longevity reached a maximum of 9.4 years for male P. clarkii (2023), and 8.6 for female F. limosus (2024); values were always higher than those recorded in the literature. The low Natural Mortality values suggest a substantial role of the mortality caused by the eradication campaigns: the NM was 14% for P. clarkii and 10% for F. limosus, the remaining 86% and 90% of the total mortality was due to trapping
Application of NMR spectroscopy for novel foods benefactory for gut health
No full textImpact of novel foods on human gut health represents a significant scientific and medical interest. Therefore, investigation of their effect on digestion requires additional analytical techniques. Here, we report our two recent case studies applying NMR spectroscopy and microbiological analysis in this field
Authenticity and origin control of fragrance and cosmetic ingredients using isotopic methods
No full textSpunti dai contesti montani del Trentino: rileggere il passato, anticipare futuri possibili, educare il presente
No full textExploring the diversity of native Lachancea thermotolerans strains isolated by sugary extracts from manna ash to modulate the flavour of sour beers
No full textThe craft beer industry is becoming increasingly interested in the production of innovative beers. A novel approach, designated as "primary souring," employs diverse yeast species, including Lachancea thermotolerans, to produce sour beers. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in utilising unconventional yeasts to produce beers with distinctive flavours. For the first time, yeast strains of L. thermotolerans, isolated from sugar extracts of manna ash, were evaluated for their ability to produce and improve the sensory properties of sour beers. In particular, five strains exhibited notable resistance to ethanol, sugar and hops, as well as comparable lactic acid production (ranging from 0.33 to 0.45 g/L). Experimental beers produced using MNF105 (T1) were perceived as the most "fruity". This is the first study to examine the impact of this novel indigenous strain, derived from unconventional matrixes such as manna, on the organoleptic quality of craft sour beers. Consequently, elevated levels of ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl nonanoate were found in T1 beer, exceeding the perception threshold. The ability of this strain to perform light bio-acidification is a valuable feature for the development of new brewing techniques, particularly for the creation of sour beers with balanced acidity and innovative flavours. The yeast L. thermotolerans MNF105, which is related to manna, has excellent technological properties and is a promising starter for beer production with the ability to light bio-acidify and modulate flavou
Effect of cannon sprayer configuration and adjustment on spray deposit and ground drift in high-tunnel strawberry cultivation
No full textEfficient spraying is essential for modern agricultural production to ensure biological efficacy and high-quality and abundant harvests. At the same time, it is crucial to minimise the negative impact of plant protection products on the environment. Hence, it is necessary to implement the appropriate technical and technological factors for the treatment and consider the conditions under which the spray application is carried out (Cieniawska et al., 2024). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of alternative application techniques, i.e., the reduction in application volume, the use of an electrostatic charger and air injection nozzles, in comparison to a standard cannon sprayer application in high-tunnel cultivation in Trentino (Northern Italy). To do this, paper collectors were placed along strawberry rows at different distances from the front openings of the tunnels, and the tunnels were sprayed with a tracer dye (tartrazine) using the mentioned application techniques to evaluate spray deposition. Moreover, some Petri dishes were placed at different distances outside the tunnel to estimate the ground deposit due to spray drift. Deposits were similar for all the application techniques for the external part of the canopy. Inside the canopy, slight significant differences were found only for the deposits retrieved in the central part of the tunnel (Kruskal–Wallis test, p0.05). In this case, the electrostatic charged spray showed the highest average value of deposit, and the air injection nozzles marked the lowest. However, the ground deposit retrieved outside the tunnel for the electrostatic configuration was not different from most of the other equipment arrangements. The sprayer equipped with air injection nozzles showed significantly higher losses close to the tunnel and significantly lower losses starting from 3.5 m from the tunnel opening in comparison to the other sprayer configurations. In general, these spray techniques, singularly or combined with one another, could be considered as alternatives to the reference spray practise in strawberries, and when put together, they may ensure better efficiency of applications and a reduction in negative environmental impacts
Profiling neuroactive compounds in organic, conventional, and processed tomatoes
Get PDFDespite growing evidence linking diet to neurodegenerative diseases, the connection re-mains unclear. Tomatoes, a widely consumed food, have been proposed as potential sources of neuroactive compounds. Using LC-MS/MS, we profiled organic and conven-tional “datterini,” plump, and processed tomatoes. Six carotenoids were quantified, with phytoene and lycopene being the most abundant. Multivariate analysis revealed that pro-cessing and variety, rather than organic vs. conventional methods, drove dataset variabil-ity. Seventy neuroactive compounds were identified, some distinguishing tomato variety, processing, and/or production methods. Processed tomatoes generally showed higher abundance of neuroactive compounds than fresh tomatoes, and “datterini” tomatoes con-tained more neuroprotective compounds than plump tomatoes. Organic “datterini” did not have higher neuroprotective compound levels than conventional ones. These findings suggest thermal processing may alter the compositional quality of tomatoes, potentially enhancing the levels of certain bioactive constituents, while organic cultivation does not inherently increase the abundance of neuroprotective compounds. Overall, tomatoes rep-resent a complex source of both neuroprotective and neuro-disrupting compounds, war-ranting further research on their bioaccessibility and physiological relevanc
Collegare la Biotremologia e la Chimica Ecologica: la proposta di un nuovo lessico per la comunicazione vibrazionale tra organismi
No full textBiotremology, the study of vibrational communication through solid substrates, has gained recognition as a distinct scientific discipline. This article explores how biotremology parallels chemical ecology in studying inter- and intraspecific interactions mediated by physical or chemical signals. A new lexicon is proposed, introducing the terms “pherodones” for intraspecific vibrational signals and “allelodones” for interspecific signals, categorized into “kairodones,” “allodones,” and “synodones” based on their effects on emitter and receiver. These definitions align with established ecological chemical concepts, enhancing interdisciplinary communication. The potential applications of this framework are discussed, including sustainable pest control strategies combining vibrational and chemical signal
Fruitlet image dataset for apple phenotyping during early development
No full textThis dataset originates from an experimental study conducted between April 24 and May 29, 2024, aimed at providing agronomists with an automated vision tool to accelerate data collection of apple fruitlets during early development. Excluding corymbs that experienced total fruit abscission, the data acquisition process resulted in 234 video files in .bag format and a total of 1,054 fruitlet measurements. The dataset includes three primary data sources: bag_videos.zip: a collection of videos recorded using the Intel® RealSenseTM Depth Camera D435i. Each video captures target fruitlets from multiple orientations, with an average duration of 10 seconds, at a distance of approximately 30 cm, and a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels; ground_truth_caliper_measurements.csv: the corresponding ground-truth measurements of selected corymbs, collected across 7 monitoring sessions. Measurements were categorized by date and bud type to analyze growth differences over time. Metadata such as the orientation of the vegetative wall and the presence of the king fruit was also recorded; FruitletDetectionDataset.zip: a dataset for model training, validation, and testing, comprising 481 images and corresponding oriented bounding box annotations. The images were obtained through stratified random sampling after RGB frame extraction, ensuring balanced representation across videos. The dataset is split into training (60%), validation (20%), and test (20%) subset