OA Earth-prints Repository
Not a member yet
16457 research outputs found
Sort by
DIAGNOSTICS AND CONSERVATION OF COASTAL ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES: THE CASE STUDY OF THE ROMAN VILLA OF CASIGNANA, REGGIO CALABRIA (ITALY)
No full textThe conservation of coastal archaeological sites, like the Roman Villa of Casignana in southern Italy, dating back to the 4th century AD, faces various threats, including erosion, rising sea levels, and urbanization. To preserve this site's valuable mosaics, a multidisciplinary approach involving archaeology, environmental science, engineering, and community engagement is necessary. The University of Calabria, particularly through its Restoration academic course and Heritage Science research group, focuses on conserving and valorizing the Villa. As part of the national PNRR Tech4U project, the Villa of Casignana has been chosen as a pilot site for the development of innovative technologies for the conservation of cultural heritage, also taking into account the evolution of conservation problems related to climate change and the evolution of coastal lines. Once validated in the laboratory, these technologies will undergo field testing. Community involvement and education are emphasized for the sustainable conservation of coastal archaeological sites.Published660-66
Modelling CO2 dispersion in the air during potential limnic eruption at the lake Pavin (France)
No full textRisk mitigation in long-dormant volcanic provinces is a challenge due to the absence of collective memory of past disasters as well as the scarcity, and subtlety, of unrest signals that can be monitored. In this study, the impact of a potential limnic eruption is assessed at the 92-m-deep lake Pavin (French Massif Central). The lake is hosted in a maar crater formed during the last eruptive event in metropolitan France (∼7 ka) and contains dissolved CO2 in the deepest water layer, below 60 m. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions measured at the lake surface (0.44 km2) reach up to 10.1 tons/day during the winter. Beyond this (limited) continuous degassing of the lake, the current CO2 budget in the monimolimnion layer (at a depth of 60 m to 92 m) was estimated at 1750 tons, of which about 450 tons are available for release in case of overturn of the lake. Scenarios for CO2 dispersion in the lower atmosphere were simulated with the DISGAS and TWODEE-2 models by varying (i) meteorological conditions, (ii) the amount of CO2 released, (iii) and the mechanisms of degassing during a potential limnic eruption. The simulations allowed identification and delimitation of areas potentially impacted by hazardous CO2 levels in the air down-valley from the lake and directly around the lake. The spatio-temporal evolution of the potential CO2 cloud raises issues regarding the impacts of such a hypothetical event in the close vicinity of the lake and, given the area is populated and highly visited, needs to be considered in future risk mitigation strategies.Published108024OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosiJCR Journa
The GNSS data and metadata management system through the EPOS-GNSS framework and the IRN Node (INGV)
No full textThis document describes the services for managing the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
data that have been developed at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) within
the context of the European-funded research infrastructure EPOS (European Plate Observing
System) program. These services, optimised for solid Earth research applications, seek to harmonise
and standardise the collection and quality control of GNSS data and metadata.
The EPOS Thematic Core Services (TCS) GNSS developed an architecture based on Geodetic
Linkage Advance System Software (GLASS) nodes which hosts the metadata information and allows
access to the entire database from the web and a datacenter which hosts the data to distribute.
INGV contributes to the EPOS TCS GNSS initiative by managing the GLASS Italian Ring Node (IRN)
[1], to provide data and metadata from the Rete Integrata Nazionale GNSS (RING) network [2]. The
RING network currently consists of approximately 250 permanent stations all over Italy and abroad
(Greece and Malta) installed for the study of active tectonic deformation at regional (Eurasia-Africa
plate boundary) and local (seismogenic faults) scales.
In support of this infrastructure, INGV is developing and managing different software: Flask Web
Service Server (FWSS) which is an interface with the local database to store the metadata;
bancadati_sync which is the script to synchronise the RINEX data repository from the source to the
local IRN node; gnss_indexer which automates the process to populate the database;
ring_synchronization to upload the sitelog metadata of the GNSS stations, and other software tools
to let the system working.
All software was developed in Python language (version 3.10) while the PostgreSQL database is
used to store the information.INGVPublishedN/A or not JC
Tracing Magma Migration at Mt. Etna Volcano during 2006–2020, Coupling Remote Sensing of Crater Gas Emissions and Ground Measurement of Soil Gases
No full textThe geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity today relies largely on remote sensing, but the combination of this approach together with soil gas monitoring, using the appropriate parameters, is still not widely used. The main purpose of this study was to correlate data from crater gas emissions with flank emissions of soil gases at Mt. Etna volcano from June 2006 to December 2020. Crater SO2 fluxes were measured from fixed stations around the volcano using the DOAS technique and applying a modeled clear-sky spectrum. The SO2/HCl ratio in the crater plume was measured with the OP-FTIR technique from a transportable instrument, using the sun as an IR source. Soil CO2 efflux coupled with the 220Rn/222Rn activity ratio in soil gases (named SGDI) were measured at a fixed monitoring site on the east flank of Etna. All signals acquired were subject both to spectral analysis and to filtering of the periodic signals discovered. All filtered signals revealed changes that were nicely correlated both with other geophysical signals and with volcanic eruptions during the study period. Time lags between parameters were explained in terms of different modes of magma migration and storage inside the volcano before eruptions. A comprehensive dynamic degassing model is presented that allows for a better understanding of magma dynamics in an open-conduit volcano.Published1122OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametriciJCR Journa
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Climate Sciences – Highlighting Past and Current Scientific Achievements
No full textIn the online seminar series “Perspectives on Climate Sciences: from Historical Developments to Future Frontiers”, which took place during 2020–2021, well-known and established scientists from several fields – including mathematics, physics, climate science and ecology – presented their perspectives on the evolution of climate science and on relevant scientific concepts. This special issue aims to create a platform for a more detailed elaboration of the topics discussed in the seminars but also to publish new scientific findings. In this paper, we first give an overview of the content of the seminar series, and then we introduce the written contributions to this special issue. In line with the spirit of the seminar series, this paper is structured along thematic areas of the broad field of climate science, conveying different perspectives on the climate system: geophysical fluid dynamics, dynamical systems theory, multiscale processes, statistical physics, paleoclimate and the human dimension.Published185–193OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazioneJCR Journa
Bollettino Sismico Italiano settembre – dicembre 2022
No full textLa revisione da parte degli analisti del BSI della sismicità registrata in Italia dal 1 settembre al 31 dicembre 2022 ha riguardato tutti i terremoti di magnitudo M≥1.5, mentre i parametri dei terremoti di magnitudo inferiore a tale soglia sono quelli calcolati in tempo reale, nella SALA DI SORVEGLIANZA SISMICA DI ROMA. I terremoti più forti (M≥3.5) e pochi altri di particolare interesse [vedi Marchetti et al., 2016, DOI: 10.4401/ag-6116], sono stati revisionati dagli analisti del BSI, mediamente nelle 24 ore successive al loro accadimento.Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Dipartimento di Protezione CivilePublishedOST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggi
Enhancing detection of volcanic ash clouds from space with convolutional neural networks
No full textVolcanic ash cloud detection is a crucial component of volcano monitoring and a valuable tool for investigating ash cloud dispersion, which is paramount for enhancing the safety of human settlements and air traffic. The latest generation of high-resolution satellite sensors (e.g., EUMETSAT MSG Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager, SEVIRI) provides radiometric estimates for monitoring volcanic clouds on a global scale efficiently and timely. However, these radiometric intensities are not always discriminative enough to detect volcanic ash clouds due to the spectral limitations of these instruments and the complex nature of some volcanic clouds, such as low concentration resulting in an averaged detected radiometric estimate comparable to the background. Here, we evaluate the ability of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect and track the dispersion of volcanic ash clouds into the atmosphere, exploiting a variety of spatial and spectral intensity information mainly coming from SEVIRI Ash RGB images. We train a deep CNN model through transfer learning, and demonstrate that the trained models overcome the limitations of algorithms based solely on pixel intensity, whether traditional or machine learning, resulting in increased performance compared to other methods. We illustrate the operation of this model using the paroxysmal explosive events that occurred at Mt. Etna between 2020 and 2022.Published108046OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilitàJCR Journa
Paleo-redox conditions during the demise of a carbonate platform in the Tethyan ocean: Evidence from phosphatized and metals (Mn and Fe) rich hardgrounds
No full textPhosphatized Mn and Fe rich hardgrounds and condensed pelagic deposits in carbonate platform successions are precious archives of abrupt climate and environmental changes (redox conditions and phosphorous availability) in the past shallow-water marine environment. While numerous examples have been documented in the Cretaceous successions of the Northern Tethys, the scarcity of similar descriptions from the southern margins suggests differences in sedimentary processes or preservation conditions. In this work we study three phosphatized Mn and Fe rich hardgrounds and pelagic condensed deposits that mark the repetitive demise of the Panormide carbonate platform developed in the Southern Tethyan margin during the Cretaceous. The integration of SEM-EDS, PXRD, and Micro-Raman spectroscopy data shows that these hardgrounds consist of fine-grained Fe (goethite and hematite) and Mn (birnessite and/or vernadite) oxides dispersed in a calcite and apatite matrix. Micro-Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of oxidized Mn species: Mn 3+ and Mn 4+. The oxidation of Mn 2+ → Mn 3+/4+ and/or Fe 2+ → Fe 3+ occurred at the sediment-seawater interface under oxic conditions (where both Mn and Fe oxidize) or suboxic conditions (where only Fe oxidizes). The paleoenvironmental perturbations that triggered the formation of both hardgrounds and condensed pelagic deposits were likely related to pCO 2 cycle, upwelling of P-Mn-Fe-rich water masses, eutrophication and phosphatization related to the Cretaceous climate oscillations during the main Oceanic Anoxic Events. These perturbations were likely enhanced by tectonic activity. Moreover, we show that the formation of the phosphatized metals-rich hardgrounds and the recovery of shallow-water sedimentation occurred after long-term periods (6-12 Ma). Thus, the Panormide serves as a remarkable example of resilience amidst significant climatic changes.Published107121OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativaJCR Journa
Exploring the tidal responses of ocean worlds with PyALMA
No full textObservations of the tidal response of celestial bodies quantified by the Love numbers are highly relevant in planetary geophysical investigations because they provide unique insight into the interior structures. For example, the high sensitivity of tidal deformations to the properties of the oceans detected beneath the icy surfaces of some moons is of paramount importance for investigations of their habitability. We present here PyALMA3, a software framework developed in Python devoted to the computation of planetary Love numbers. PyALMA3 is based on ALMA3, a previous version developed in Fortran. Conversion to Python significantly improves the accessibility and portability of the software. We tested PyALMA3 by applying it to the exploration of the tidal responses of Europa and the other Galilean moons. We show that accurate modeling of effects such as the viscoelastic deformations of ice and the water density gradient in the ocean (variations of 2–3% on the real part of k2) will be important in the context of geophysical investigations that will be conducted by future missions targeting icy moons, such as Europa Clipper and JUICE.Published116120JCR Journa
Integration of microseism, wavemeter buoy, HF radar and hindcast data to analyze the Mediterranean cyclone Helios
No full textIn this work, we study a Mediterranean cyclone, Helios, which took place during 9–11 February 2023 in the southeastern part of Sicily and Malta, by a multiparametric approach combining microseism results with sea state and meteorological data provided by wavemeter buoy, HF radar, hindcast maps and satellite SEVIRI images. The sub-tropical system Helios caused heavy rainfall, strong wind gusts and violent storm surges with significant wave heights greater than 5 m. We deal with the relationships between such a system and the features of microseism (the most continuous and ubiquitous seismic signal on Earth) in terms of spectral content, space–time variation of the amplitude and source locations tracked by means of two methods (amplitude-based grid search and array techniques). By comparing the location of the microseism sources and the area affected by significant storm surges derived from sea state data, we note that the microseism location results are in agreement with the real position of the storm surges. In addition, we are able to obtain the seismic signature of Helios using a method that exploits the coherence of continuous seismic noise. Hence, we show how an innovative monitoring system of the Mediterranean cyclones can be designed by integrating microseism information with other techniques routinely used to study meteorological phenomena.Published1-20OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativaJCR Journa