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Glacier Melting Triggers Massive Gravel Deposition in Central Italy's River Basins, Unveiling Deglacial Events From 1250 to 780 ka
No full textThe purpose of this study was to prove the direct correlation of a successions of gravel-clay beds recovered in borehole with the melt-water pulses associated with the sea-level oscillations indicated in the δ 18 O record in the time-span preceding the 100-kyr glacial cycles. Aimed at this scope, we provide combined 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and paleomagnetic constraints to a set of seven aggradational successions recovered from a 120 m deep borehole drilled in the buried Paleo-Tiber delta in Rome (central Italy). The geochronologic constraints enable the correlation of each aggradational succession, characterized by a sudden transition from coarse gravel at the base to sandy clay sediments, with periods of sea-level rise indicated by the δ 18 O curve encompassing MIS 37 through MIS 19, from 1250 to 780 ka. This stratigraphy, provides a unique and unprecedented well-dated evidence of glacial/deglacial events, matching the global benthic δ 18 O stack during this time frame. Furthermore, this study validates the hypothesis that gravel deposition in the catchment basin and the delta of the main rivers in central Italy is triggered by the melting of glaciers in the Apennines Mountain range. It demonstrates the significant potential of these deglaciation proxies to be used worldwide to unravel the chronology of glacio-eustatic events. Plain Language Summary In this study, we used a combination of dating techniques and paleomagnetic data to examine a series of sediment layers found in a buried ancient river delta in Rome, Italy. These sediment layers were collected from a 120 m deep borehole. By analyzing the age of these sediment layers, we were able to link them to a period in the past when sea level was rising. This sea-level rise occurred between 1250 and 780 ka, covering a range of time from MIS 37 to MIS 19. These sediment layers show a distinct change from coarse gravel to sandy clay, which provides valuable information about glacial and deglacial events. These findings support the idea that the deposition of gravel in river catchment areas and deltas in central Italy is linked to the melting of glaciers in the Apennines Mountain range. This research not only validates this hypothesis but also highlights the potential for using similar techniques globally to better understand the timing of glacio-eustatic events.Publishede2023JB027877JCR Journa
Towards a multi-risk deterministic scenario in the Mt. Etna area
No full textEtna (Sicily, Italy) is an active volcano characterized by effusive and explosive eruptions, often accompanied by intense seismic activity. Its densely urbanized territory on the eastern flanks can suffer severe impacts due to lava flows, earthquakes, and tephra, while pyroclastic flows only affect the summit area of the volcano.
As part of the Panacea project (Probabilistic AssessmeNt of volCano-related multi-hazard and multi-risk at Mount EtnA), seismic and volcanic hazard scenarios were generated; consequently risk scenarios for built-up places, lifelines and communication systems were assessed at very different scales, from local to sub-regional. In general, in case of a multi-hazard risk project, it is necessary to identify the elements exposed to the volcano’s effects, assess their vulnerability to each different hazard and proceed to complex risk analyses (Meroni et al., 2022, Pessina et al., 2022).
Mt. Etna's hazard studies provided interesting insights (Del Negro et al., 2019) but it is the first time that a multi-risk analysis has been carried out in the area. For this reason, in this study the analyses have been limited to the estimation of direct losses (in terms of structural damage, victims, and loss of functionality) and more complex risk analyses, such as multi-risk and cascade assessments, have not yet been taken into consideration.PublishedFerraraOST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremot
Nature-based solutions for monitoring the impact of vehicular particulate matter and for the preventive conservation of the Palatine Hill archaeological site in Rome, Italy
No full textMagnetic and chemical biomonitoring methodologies were applied to the southern slopes of the Palatine Hill archaeological area in Rome, Italy. Plant leaves and lichen transplants were respectively sampled and exposed between July 2022 and June 2023 to assess the impact of vehicular particulate matter from Via dei Cerchi, a trafficked road coasting Circus Maximus, towards the archaeological area upon the Palatine Hill. The magnetic properties of leaves and lichens, inferred from magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis loops and first order reversal curves, were combined with the concentration of trace elements. It was demonstrated that the bioaccumulation of magnetite-like particles, associated with tracers of vehicular emissions, such as Ba and Sb, decreased with longitudinal distance from the road, without any important influence of elevation from the ground. Lichens demonstrated to be more efficient biomonitors of airborne PM than leaves, irrespective of the plant species. Conversely, leaves intercepted and accumulated all PM fractions, including road dusts and resuspended soil particles. Thus, plant leaves are suitable for providing preventive conservation services that limit the impact of particulate pollution on cultural heritage sites within busy metropolitan contexts.Progetto INGV Pianeta Dinamico” - code CUP D53J19000170001 - funded by Italian Ministry MIUR (“Fondo Finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese”, legge 145/2018)
Ministry of University and Research, project PON GRINT, code
PIR01_00013
.Published174358OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorioJCR Journa
Data Management in Distributed, Federated Research Infrastructures: The Case of EPOS
No full textData management is a key activity when Open Data stewardship through services complying with the FAIR principles is required, as it happens in many National and European initiatives. Existing guidelines and tools facilitate the drafting of Data Management Plans by focusing on a set of common parameters or questions. In this paper we describe how data management is carried out in EPOS, the European Research Infrastructure for providing access to integrated data and services in the solid Earth domain. EPOS relies on a federated model and is committed to remain operational in the long term. In EPOS, five key dimensions were identified for the Federated Data Management, namely the management of: thematic data; e-infrastructure for data integration; community of data providers committed to data provision processes; sustainability; and policies. On the basis of the EPOS experience, which is to some extent applicable to other research infrastructures, we propose additional components that may extend the EU Horizon 2020 Data Management Guidelines template, thus comprehensively addressing the Federated Data Management in the context of distributed Research Infrastructures.Published5OST5 Verso un nuovo MonitoraggioN/A or not JC
Outgassing behaviour during highly explosive basaltic eruptions
No full textExplosivity of basaltic eruptions is related to the efficiency in which exsolved gas can separate from the melt during ascent, which is controlled by magma permeability. However, basaltic pyroclasts from eruptions of varying explosivity can show similar permeability, indicating a possible complex relationship between permeability, outgassing and eruptive style. Here, we provide 3D measurements of basaltic pyroclasts using X-ray microtomography. We investigate the role of permeability and outgassing on magma ascent dynamics by using a numerical conduit model. Among the permeable parameters, bubble number density and friction coefficient largely affect explosivity. However, for fast ascending basaltic magmas, gas-melt coupling is maintained independent of magma permeability. In this case, magma storage conditions may determine eruptive style, driving rapid magma ascent, crystallisation and bubble nucleation, producing a highly explosive eruption. Monitoring parameters which reveal pre-eruptive conditions may assist hazard mitigation, particularly for basaltic systems which exhibit a wide range in eruptive style.Published5OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametriciJCR Journa
Dual-polarimetric SAR measurements to observe liquefaction surface manifestations
No full textIn this study, a methodology is proposed to use dualpolarimetric
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to identify the spatial
distribution of soil liquefaction. The latter is a phenomenon
that occurs in conjunction with seismic events of a magnitude
generally higher than 5.5-6.0 and which affects loose sandy soils
located below the water table level. The methodology consists
of two steps: firstly the spatial distributions of soil liquefaction
is estimated using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) method
applied to the SPAN metric, namely the total power associated
to the measured polarimetric channels, which is ingested into
a bi-temporal approach to sort out dark areas not genuine.
Secondly, the obtained masks are read in terms of the physical
scattering mechanisms using a child parameter stemming from
the eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix - namely the
degree of polarization. The latter is evaluated using the co-seismic
scenes and contrasted with the pre-seismic one to have rough
information on the time-variability of the scattering mechanisms
occurred in the area affected by soil liquefaction. Finally, the
obtained maps are qualitatively contrasted against state-of-theart
optical and interferometric SAR methodologies. Experimental
results, obtained processing a time-series of ascending and
descending Sentinel-1 SAR scenes acquired during the 2023
Turkey-Syria earthquake, confirm the soundness of the proposed
approach.In pressOST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremotoJCR Journa
Landslide Mapping in Calitri (Southern Italy) Using New Multi-Temporal InSAR Algorithms Based on Permanent and Distributed Scatterers
No full textMDPI Open Access Journals
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Journals Remote Sensing Volume 16 Issue 9 10.3390/rs16091610
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Open AccessArticle
Landslide Mapping in Calitri (Southern Italy) Using New Multi-Temporal InSAR Algorithms Based on Permanent and Distributed Scatterers
by Nicola Angelo Famiglietti 1ORCID,Pietro Miele 1,*ORCID,Marco Defilippi 2,Alessio Cantone 2,Paolo Riccardi 2,Giulia Tessari 2 andAnnamaria Vicari 1ORCID
1
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Irpinia, 83035 Grottaminarda, Italy
2
SarmapSA, 6987 Caslano, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(9), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091610
Submission received: 20 March 2024 / Revised: 23 April 2024 / Accepted: 28 April 2024 / Published: 30 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Landslide Inventory Mapping and Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Techniques)
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Abstract
Landslides play a significant role in the morpho-evolutional processes of slopes, affecting them globally under various geological conditions. Often unnoticed due to low velocities, they cause diffuse damage and loss of economic resources to the infrastructure or villages built on them. Recognizing and mapping mass movements is crucial for mitigating economic and social impacts. Conventional monitoring techniques prove challenging for large areas, necessitating resource-intensive ground-based networks. Leveraging abundant synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors, satellite techniques offer cost-effective solutions. Among the various methods based on SAR products for detecting landslides, multi-temporal differential interferometry SAR techniques (MTInSAR) stand out for their precise measurement capabilities and spatiotemporal evolution analysis. They have been widely used in several works in the last decades. Using information from the official Italian landslide database (IFFI), this study employs Sentinel-1 imagery and two new processing chains, E-PS and E-SBAS algorithms, to detect deformation areas on the slopes of Calitri, a small town in Southern Italy; these algorithms assess the cumulated displacements and their state of activity. Taking into account the non-linear trends of the scatterers, these innovative algorithms have helped to identify a dozen clusters of points that correspond well with IFFI polygons.Published1610OST5 Verso un nuovo MonitoraggioJCR Journa
Cascading Machine Learning to Monitor Volcanic Thermal Activity Using Orbital Infrared Data: From Detection to Quantitative Evaluation
No full textSeveral satellite missions are currently available to provide thermal infrared data at different spatial resolutions and revisit time. Furthermore, new missions are planned thus enabling to keep a nearly continuous ‘eye’ on thermal volcanic activity around the world. This massive volume of data requires the development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the automatic processing of satellite data in order to extract significant information about volcano conditions in a short time. Here, we propose a robust machine learning approach to accurately detect, recognize and quantify high-temperature volcanic features using Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (S2-MSI) imagery. We use the entire archive of high spatial resolution satellite data containing more than 6000 S2-MSI scenes at ten different volcanoes around the world. Combining a ‘top-down’ cascading architecture, two different machine learning models, a scene classifier (SqueezeNet) and a pixel-based segmentation model (random forest), we achieved a very high accuracy, namely 95%. These results show that the cascading approach can be applied in near-real time to any available satellite image, providing a full description of the scene, with an important contribution to the monitoring, mapping and characterization of volcanic thermal features.Published171OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosiJCR Journa
Remote sensing, archaeology and historical records: looking for 1624 earthquake traces in San Giorgio parish church of Argenta (Italy)
No full textThe present work is part of a research program financed by INGV in order to look for traces of
earthquakes occurred in the past on historical buildings. At that aim, a method based on remote
sensing techniques was proposed and applied to San Giorgio parish church in Argenta (Ferrara, Italy).
That church was chosen because of notable availability of historical and archaeological material,
already catalogued in the past years, allowing the identification of structures belonging to periods
before and after the 1624 earthquake. Data provided by terrestrial remote sensing techniques (digital
photogrammetry supported by laser scanning) made possible the recognition of patterns that could
be due to that strong seismic event or, in general, to one or more calamitous events. The results
show that the proposed method can provide potentially useful data to help confirming or excluding
historical hypotheses or helping to fill information gaps. However, it should be stressed that the
proposed approach does not enable the identification of unknown seismic events, providing instead
data that can be associated with already known events.INGV RIcerca Libera RESCUE (2021)PublishedSE109JCR Journa
Absolute Quantum Gravimeter - Operator Meeting
No full textIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione OE, Catania, ItaliaUnpublishedOST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impattoOSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilit