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Degrees of Openness: Grey Literature in Institutional Repositories
No full textIn spite of the growing success of the open access initiative, a significant part of scientific and technical information remains unavailable on the web or circulates with restrictions. Even in institutional repositories created to disseminate the scientific production of an academic institution, broad and open access to more or less important sectors of the scientific production is restricted. In order to provide new empirical evidence, 25 large institutional repositories from different continents were selected in the international directory OpenDOAR. For each repository, the access to the full text for different document types was evaluated, and the statistics were analysed for each site and cumulated. Building on our past work and new empirical data from large institutional repositories on different continents, we distinguish between different degrees of openness. Which are the main reasons, which are the stabilizing functions of this situation? The communication tries to provide some elements of understanding, together with good practices and recommendations.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notesXAInternationa
How Grey Literature Informs Policy and Decision Making: The Necessity to Understand the Processes
No full textEffective advocacy for grey literature must be based on understanding the environments in which it is used. As advances in communications technologies continue to occur at seeming breath-taking pace, all forms of information are being affected. Evolving publication practices are presenting new communication opportunities, in addition to disruptions of established patterns, as long-standing genres are being reshaped by powerful technological and societal changes. Disruptions can cause discomfort and anxiety, but opportunities to promote the value of particular information genres also arise. Grey literature, for example continues to be produced in large quantities, which suggests that its importance in communication may be increasing rather than diminishing. Advocates of grey literature may believe this genre is undervalued or misunderstood, but lobbying for grey literature in the absence of understanding the contexts in which it is or can be used will likely fail unless information activity in those settings is understood. One prominent context encompasses public policy and decision making where grey literature is often present but typically not noticed. Policy and decision-making are notably complex processes and increasing attention is being placed on developing an understanding of the research-policy interface and evidence-based policy making in particular. Conferences (e.g., Science Advice to Governments, Auckland, New Zealand, August 2014), evidence information services (e.g., one launched in the United Kingdom in 2014), research programs and institutes (e.g., Environmental Information: Use and Influence, Dalhousie University), and other initiatives emphasize the importance of understanding the relationship between research and policy, a sometimes contentious and even dysfunctional activity. Drawing on findings from research conducted within the Environmental Information: Use and Influence research program, which involves governmental, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations, we outline roles for grey literature in policy and decision-making contexts. We note, for example, types of grey literature used in these contexts, we identify preferences for specific features of useable information by managers and policy makers, and we outline pathways of research evidence, some of which is produced as grey literature. Information use is a non-trivial phenomenon that must be understood in advance of advocating the value of grey literature.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notesXAInternationa
Open Access Korea, Phase 1: Five Years On
No full textOpen Access Initiative for the open access to research outputs has been proposed to the world, and in Korea, phase 1 project of Open Access Korea has been conducted with the main strategies of supplying Open Access Korea repositories (hereinafter, “OAK repositories”) and Open Access Journal publishing from 2009 to 2013. Phase 2 of OAK(Open Access Korea) has been conducted in 2014 at the National Library of Korea.
This study will introduce the OAK project, phase 1 that has been carried out for the past five years (2009 – 2013). Phase 1 of the project has been conducted by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) with the financial support from the Bureau of Library and Museum Policy Planning of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The main activities of OAK are: the development and provision of the OAK repositories; establishment of the XML original of Open Access Journal; Open Access Korea portal services; and dissemination and cooperation activities of Open Access.
The main achievements of OAK for the past five years are the supply of Open Access based OAK institutional repositories to 25 institutions in Korea and the development of OAK repository software as an open source on OAK Portal website, so that all Koreans who wish to operate their own repository may freely download and use the research outputs available on it.
The OAK repositories were developed based on Dspace, which was developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It supports the Hangul morpheme analyzer apt for circumstances in Korea, provides webpage UI, and supports the automatic linkage with the internal management system thereby enhancing the convenience of management and operation of contents for the repository managers.
Furthermore, through the establishment of the XML original of Open Access Journal, 25 titles of academic society journals were changed to journals in support of the Open Access, and the Korean academic journals are now available to researchers around the world.
The dissemination and cooperation activities of Open Access are as follows:
First of all, we have attempted to legislate for the Open Access Initiatives on the government’s research outputs and propose them as legislative bills. For such purposes, judges, lawyers, professors, Creative Commons Korea(CCK) and social activists have drafted legislative bills on public access policy in support of public access of research outputs. With the drafted bills, we have held public hearings to gather the opinions of stakeholders.
Furthermore, we have established expert forums with experts on areas related to Open Access and activists and commenced advocacy activities to support the Open Access Initiatives by hosting voluntary seminars and conferences on related Open Access. In addition, we have established a special group for OAK repository managers for the 25 institutions operating the repositories in order to share know-how amongst them, by holding training sessions and workshops for managers. We have also attempted to raise awareness of Open Access by holding annual OAK(Open Access Korea) conferences.
Through the OAK activities conducted for the past five years, we have achieved the following:
First, we have established the foundation for sharing the knowledge assets of institutions by disseminating the OAK IR suited for Korea.
Second, by support of establishing XML based on JATS 1.10 DTD related to the OA Journal, we have facilitated the open access of Korean research outputs.
Third, through various public relations activities of Open Access, we have contributed to the raise of awareness and activation of Open Access Initiatives in Korea.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notesXAInternationa
GreyGuide, GreyNet’s web access portal and lobby for change in Grey Literature
No full textIn December 2013, the GreyGuide was formerly launched as an online forum and repository of good practice in grey literature. The project partners then turned to the acquisition of both proposed and published good practices. During this same timeframe, GreyNet – one of the project partners – welcomed far reaching developments in its infrastructure. Three new committees were established alongside its Program Committee in line with GreyNet’s fourfold mission dedicated to research, publication, open access, and education in the field of grey literature.
In the process of coordinating and facilitating the work of these new committees, it became clear that a multitude of web-based content that is currently maintained on GreyNet’s website and conference site - accessible on diverse webpages in PDF format - could better be made accessible via a web portal. This would allow for browse, search, and retrieval across resources and collections. The GreyGuide was tested for this purpose and it was then decided to select from GreyNet’s range of content and commence with migration to the GreyGuide. While the web origins of three such collections were soon identified – namely, the GreySource Index1, Who’s Who in Grey Literature2 , and Conference Proposals issuing from the GL-Series – still other collections, resources, and in-house publications would also deserve future consideration.
The work of defining the metadata for these collections, their subsequent data entry, and additional cross-linking indicated the work that was to be undertaken during the months leading up to GL16. It was anticipated that just as GL15 provided the occasion for the launch of the GreyGuide Repository, GL16 would demonstrate its enhanced function as a web access portal. From the perspective of the GreyGuide, this paper renders an ongoing log, while from the perspective of GreyNet it renders a case study in innovative change in the management of information resources.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notesXAInternationa
Memory and remembering : Anglo-Saxon literary representations and current interpretations of the phenomena considered
No full textStriking similarities between Anglo-Saxon and present-day notions of MEMORY and REMEMBERING can be discerned through close analysis of Old English representations of these phenomena. Where there are significant dissimilarities, these are manifested as culturally specific nuances rather than fundamental differences between the two forms of expression. In this thesis, Anglo-Saxon literary representations of MEMORY and REMEMBERING are considered in comparison with current interpretations of the concepts as revealed through idiomatic Modern English and also in scientific discourse. Although the Anglo-Saxons did not have the same understanding of MEMORY as is found in modern scientific accounts, these do provide a comparatively objective measure against which to gauge the remembering activities portrayed in Old English texts and Modern English idiom. A detailed exploration of the memory retrieval continuum, together with close examination of actual language use, allows for a degree of quantification not achievable through more impressionistic approaches to the field. This is achieved by analysing the contexts in which the Old English verb gemunan and noun gemynd are used: the figurative representations of MEMORY and REMEMBERING adopted by both Old English and Modern English speakers are also considered. Misconceptions about tenth-century MEMORY representation -- that Anglo-Saxon writers have no notion of 'self', or that nostalgia is the dominant aspect of REMEMBERING within Old English texts -- are challenged by my findings. In order to arrive at a definition for each specific occurrence of an Old English MEMORY term, a range of contextual factors needs first be considered: manuscript context and the type of text, who is remembering and what they are remembering, and what other mental or emotional activities are occurring concurrently. A better understanding of the role of MEMORY is attained through recognition of its critical place within the wider field of COGNITION.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Reconstitutions fixes dento-implanto portées
No full textLYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocSudocFranceF
Modelling, analysis and control for systems biology (application to bacterial growth models)
No full textCette thèse porte sur la modélisation, l'analyse et le contrôle de réseaux de régulation génétique dans la bactérie E. Coli, avec les outils de la Théorie du Contrôle. On utilise plusieurs formalismes (qualitatif/quantitatif, déterministe/stochastique) pour décrire les différents systèmes. Dans la première partie de la thèse, on considère le problème du contrôle du taux de croissance pour les bactéries. Le taux de croissance est une caractéristique essentielle pour l'industrie des biotechnologies, et cette recherche peut ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles stratégies antimicrobiennes. Nous avons développé de nouveaux formalismes qualitatifs, basé sur les systèmes affines par morceaux différentiels, qui couplent l'expression des gènes et la croissance. Nous appliquons ces formalismes à de petits modèles de circuits génétiques synthétiques (conçus avec nos collaborateurs de Ibis, Inria Grenoble), et étudions des boucles de contrôle ouvertes ou fermées. Par une étude du portrait de phase et des bifurcations, nous montrons que la stratégie qualitative de contrôle proposée, qui agit sur la machinerie cellulaire globale, permet de contrôler le taux de croissance. Pour trouver les composants les plus représentatifs de cette machinerie cellulaire, nous testons plusieurs modèles de taux de croissance, avec des outils de calcul booléens. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous développons un modèle simplifié de la machinerie cellulaire globale chez E. Coli, basé sur des équations différentielles, et dont les paramètres sont identifiés à partir de données de la littérature pour plusieurs taux de croissance.This thesis deals with modelling, analysis and control of gene regulatory networks in the bacterium E. coli, with tools of Control Theory. Different mathematical methodologies (qualitative/quantitative, deterministic/stochastic) have been used to best describe the different biological systems under investigation. Notably, in the first part of the thesis we mainly addressed the problem of controlling the growth rate of bacterial cells. Growth control is essential in industrial biotechnology and fundamental research of this kind could pave the way to novel types of antimicrobial strategies. To this aim we developed new qualitative mathematical formalisms, derived from piecewise linear systems, to couple gene expression with growth rate. We applied these formalisms to small E. coli synthetic gene circuit models (conceived with our collaborators from Ibis, Inria Grenoble) implementing both open and closed loop configurations. By means of phase plane analysis and bifurcation diagrams we showed that the proposed qualitative control strategies, which act on the gene expression machinery (GEM), can mathematically control the cell growth rate. Moreover, in order to identify the key components of GEM that mostly determine the bacterial growth rate, we also tested several growth rate models using Boolean computational tools. In the second part of the thesis, we developed a coarse-grained, but quantitative, ODE model of E. coli GEM whose parameter values have been identified from published experimental data at different steady state growth rate values.NICE-Bibliotheque electronique (060889901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Evaluation rétrospective des scores de risque hémorragique dans le cadre de la thromboprophylaxie en chirurgie orthopédique (vers la création d'un nouveau score ?)
No full textLe risque majeur associé à l'utilisation des anticoagulants, en particulier en postopératoire de chirurgie orthopédique, est l'hémorragie. Evaluer la pertinence de la stratification du risque hémorragique dans le cadre de la thromboprophylaxie à l'aide de scores déjà décrits dans la littérature pour des patients sous anticoagulants. Nous avons inclus de manière rétrospective 1082 patients sur 3 ans en postopératoire d'arthoplastie de hanche ou de genou et évalué la pertinence des scores de risque hémorragique les plus décrits dans la littérature (HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, A TRIA, BRI, RIETE, Kearon, Kuijer, Nieuwenhuis, Shireman) sur des critères de saignement objectifs (différence d'Hb entre J-1 et J+S, pertes totales en ml de globules rouges, quantité de sang transfusée). Nous avons pu démontrer que certains scores semblaient statistiquement significatifs pour prédire le risque hémorragique sous thromboprophylaxie (notamment les scores HEMORR2HAGES et de Kuijer). Cependant, aucun des scores ne semble cliniquement pertinent aux vues des box-plot et des courbes ROC réalisées. Le type de molécule utilisé pour la prophylaxie n'est pas un facteur confondant. La création d'un nouveau score de risque hémorragique serait souhaitable dans le cadre de la thromboprophylaxie, et permettrait dans l'idéal de cibler les patients les plus à risque au-delà de la simple intuition clinique, chez lesquels le praticien pourrait prendre une décision éclairée en terme de stratégie d'épargne sanguineLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Développement d'un outil ludo-pédagogique d'éducation thérapeutique du patient (application à la dermatite atopique de l'enfant)
No full textAIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF
Dynamique des états d'Andreev dans un anneau hybride métal normal-supraconducteur (fluctuations du supercourant et spectroscopie du minigap)
No full textUne jonction SNS composée de deux supraconducteurs (S) séparés par un métal normal (N) est parcourue par un courant non-dissipatif dont l'amplitude dépend de la différence de phase entre les deux supraconducteurs. Les propriétés à l'équilibre de ce système ont été récemment explorées et sont aujourd hui bien comprises. La dynamique des jonctions SNS est toutefois une question plus complexe : on peut par exemple se demander comment évolue la relation courant-phase avec une polarisation en phase à haute fréquence. Quels sont les temps caractéristiques et les mécanismes qui régissent cette évolution ? Pour sonder les propriétés des états d Andreev et en particulier leur dynamique, nous avons mesuré la réponse d un anneau NS polarisé en phase . La réponse du courant à une excitation en phase à des fréquences allant de 200 MHz à 14 Ghz donne accès à la susceptibilité magnétique dont la partie réelle renseigne sur la réponse non-dissipative et la partie imaginaire informe sur la dissipation. La susceptibilité est obtenue en mesurant la modification des modes propres d'un résonateur supraconducteur auquel est couplé l'anneau.De manière attendue, est simplement la dérivée en phase du supercourant à basse fréquence, révélant ainsi la relation courant-phase. Fait plus surprenant, nous avons observé l'émergence de deux contributions à plus haute fréquence. La première est reliée à la relaxation des populations mises hors-équilibre par l'excitation. Elle est associée à un bruit de supercourant. La seconde contribution correspond à des transitions induites. D'après notre analyse de l'expérience, sa dépendance en phase s'explique en prenant en compte des règles de sélection. Elle devrait également permettre de réaliser la spectroscopie du minigap. Ces résultats montrent que de telles mesures à fréquence finie révèlent des propriétés des jonctions SNS inaccessibles par des expériences de transport standards.A SNS junction made of two superconducting (S) electrodes separated by a normal (N) metal carries a non-dissipative current whose amplitude depends on the phase difference between the superconductors. The equilibrium properties of this system have been recently explored and are now well understood. The dynamics is still an open question: how does the current-phase relation evolves with a high-frequency phase modulation? What are the mechanisms and characteristic times that govern this evolution?To probe the dynamics of Andreev states, we measured the response of a phase()-biased NS ring. The current response at frequencies ranging from 200 MHz up to 14 GHz yields the magnetic susceptibility whose real part gives the the non-dissipative response while the imaginary part reveals the dissipation. Susceptibility is accessed by the modification of a superconducting resonator coupled to the NS ring.As expected, is simply the phase derivative of the supercurrent at low frequency, thus revealing the current-phase relation. More strikingly, we observed the emergence of two contributions at high-frequency. The first one is related to the relaxation of populations driven out-of-equilibrium by the excitation. It is associated with supercurrent noise. The second one corresponds to induced transitions. According to our analysis of the experiment, its phase dependence is accounting for by taking into account selection rules. It should also allows to perform the minigap spectroscopy. These results show that such finite frequency measurements reveal properties of SNS junctions that can not be accessed by standard transport experiments.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF