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Deaton Review – Eriarvoisuus Suomessa
Get PDFDeaton Review -maavertailuissa kartoitetaan eriarvoisuuden kehittymistä usean vuosikymmenen aikana Euroopassa ja Pohjois-Amerikassa. Suomen maaraportissa tarkastellaan eriarvoisuutta Suomessa vuosina 1987–2021. Eriarvoisuus kasvoi Suomessa merkittävästi laman jälkeisellä nousukaudella 1990-luvun lopulla. Keskeisiä syitä kehitykseen olivat pitkäaikaistyöttömyyden kasvu, sosiaaliturvan leikkaukset sekä pääomatulojen kasvu ja keskittyminen suurituloisille. Tuloeriarvoisuus ei ole 2000-luvulla juuri lisääntynyt, mutta eriarvoisuus työmarkkinoilla vaikuttaa linkittyvän yhä vahvemmin sosiaaliseen eriarvoisuuteen.nonPeerReviewe
Balancing Indigenous Rights and Commercial Interests : A Comparative Analysis of Intellectual Property Law and Human Rights Law in Protecting Traditional Cultural Expressions of the Maasai People
Get PDFIndigenous peoples throughout the world have faced vulnerability to the act of misappropriation of their cultural heritage, and consequently, to the gradual erosion of their cultural heritage. This is evident in the case of the Maasai people in East Africa, an indigenous community spanning over the border of two nations, Kenya, and Tanzania. The Maasai way of life manifests in a variety of artistic expressions that international agreements commonly classify as “traditional cultural expression”.
The protection of indigenous peoples' cultural and intellectual property has grown in urgency around the world. In all parts of the world. The growing awareness of the exploitation of indigenous peoples' territory and culture has ignited interest in obtaining indigenous peoples' arts, and cultures.
The present thesis examines misappropriation of traditional cultural expressions of the Maasai people from the perspective of human rights law and intellectual property law. The thesis bases its analysis on three international treaties, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. In total, three human rights related to indigenous people’s traditional knowledge are examined: the right to self-determination and the right of minorities to enjoy their own culture, as well as the right to material and moral interests of artistic productions. Further, the thesis examines a variety of intellectual property rights, including copyright and related rights, trademarks, certification, collective marks, and Geographical Indications.
A central finding this thesis presents is the correlation between indigenous peoples’ cultural property, intellectual property, and indigenous peoples cultural and economic survival and development. When indigenous peoples' cultural heritage is given an economic value, however, it is driven into the domain of individual and private property. In this domain, two significant international legal paradigms, intellectual property law and human rights law, have developed separately.
The present thesis finds that misappropriation of indigenous traditional cultural expressions infringes upon their fundamental human rights in the above-mentioned articles. However, in practice, the enforcement of protection is challenging for states to achieve. When applied to indigenous traditional cultural expressions, the thesis discovered limitations on all intellectual property rights. A result that stands out is that Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights directly conflicts with intellectual property law. While aspects of traditional knowledge can be protected under existing intellectual property laws, the main conclusion is that intellectual property law cannot be used to enforce protection over indigenous peoples' traditional cultural expressions as part of their overall cultural heritage
Instruktionsfilm - slöjdlärarens förlängda arm? : En kvalitativ forskningsstudie om elevers upplevelse av instruktionsfilm som digitalt hjälpmedel i slöjdundervisningen
Get PDFStudiens övergripande syfte är att utforska elevers upplevelse av instruktionsfilm som digitalt hjälpmedel i slöjdundervisningen. Undersökningen identifierar vilka för- och nackdelar eleverna ser med instruktionsfilmer samt hurudant behov av lärarstöd de anser att de behöver vid användning av instruktionsfilm som slöjdlärarens förlängda arm.
Forskningsmetoden i denna studie är av kvalitativ karaktär eftersom undersökningens resultat baseras på subjektiva upplevelser. För att uppnå en djupgående förståelse för informanternas tankar och åsikter används semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Studiens informanter består av en undervisningsgrupp på åtta elever i årskurs fem från en skola i Svenskfinland. Studiens datainsamlingsmetod är semistrukturerade intervjuer med syfte att erhålla informanternas reflektioner och åsikter om deras upplevelser med användningen av instruktionsfilmer. Innan undersökningen ägde rum deltog informanterna i några lektioner där instruktionsfilmer nyttjades individuellt i slöjdundervisningen för att ge eleverna praktisk erfarenhet och något att basera sina erfarenheter på.
Resultaten indikerar att användningen av instruktionsfilmer för med sig både möjligheter och utmaningar för slöjdundervisningen. Instruktionsfilmerna kan å ena sidan förbättra lärandet genom att göra undervisningen mer interaktiv och engagerande. Resultaten visar att eleverna upplevde ökad arbetsro, självständighet och roligt med nytt arbetssätt som fördelar. Å andra sidan innebär instruktionsfilmer en minskad social interaktion under slöjdlektionerna. Negativa aspekter som resultaten presenterar är minskat lärarstöd och risk för distraktioner.
Sammanfattningsvis kräver användningen av instruktionsfilmer i slöjdundervisningen en balans mellan digitala verktyg och traditionella undervisningsmetoder. Detta arbete är viktigt för att förbereda eleverna för de krav och möjligheter som den digitaliserade världen erbjuder
Religious education and fraudulent appropriation in Finnish Schools
Get PDFThis article investigates the notion of spiritual appropriation in Finnish schools, with a particular focus on the experiences of religious minorities. It draws on narratives from these communities, shedding light on their daily experiences in the educational setting. Employing counter-storytelling from critical race theory (CRT), the research examines the power dynamics and the impact of epistemological privileges within Finnish schools.
The study unveils a unique form of spiritual appropriation in the school setting, termed ‘fraudulent appropriation’. Here, adults from the majority group assume the authority to teach and interpret minority religious traditions, often providing distorted or false information to minority children, and even utilizing their religion as a tool for control.
Furthermore, the narratives underscore the significance of agency and self-representation for minority groups. When minorities are able to vocalize their presence in schools through creative events, the act of appropriation can be mitigated, paving the way for appreciation. This serves as a means to counter dominant narratives while fostering a sense of belonging and respect.
In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of amplifying the voices of minorities and promoting appreciation over appropriation. It advocates the visibility, audibility and self-determination of minority groups. The article also posits that the term ‘fraudulent appropriation’ is valuable for the investigation of structures that perpetuate the exclusion and oppression of religious-minority children in schools
Jewish–Christian Contacts, Past and Present. Sweden and Germany Compared
Get PDFEditorial for the Volume 34, Issue
Ett judiskt kristet arv
Get PDFRecension av Caterina Stenius, ”Sanningen är alltid större. En essä på sju famnars djup” (Vasa: Förlaget Scriptum, 2022)
En biografi og en slægtshistorie om jødisk liv i Danmark
Get PDFReview of Thomas Harder & Lene Ewald Hesels''s En sten for Eva (København: Gads Forlag, 2022). 380 pp. & Hanne Foighels Sten på sten. Mine 400 år gamle danskjødiske rødder (København: Dansk Jødisk Museum, 2022). 496 pp
Äldres och anhörigas upplevelser av stigmatisering och kränkning av värdigheten inom hemvårdskontext
No full textDo household tax credits increase consumption? The role of demand elasticity and the extent of demand
Get PDFThis paper studies the effects of household tax credit (HTC) on service demand and tax evasion. HTC is a tax credit for consumers to reclaim a share of the labor costs of home improvement services, such as renovation and cleaning work. The aim of this widely used tax credit has been both to increase demand for services to boost employment in the service sector and to curb tax evasion. We use data on firm-level monthly value added tax reports and annual tax filings to study the effects of the introduction of HTC for home cleaning services in Sweden in July 2007 together with a difference-in-differences approach using small Finnish service sector firms as a control group. Our results show that, at best, the HTC system has very limited effects on demand for services in the cleaning sector. We provide counterfactual analysis suggesting that the demand elasticity is low, and that the extent of population consuming cleaning services could be low, which is important to consider in ex ante policy analysis. In addition, we do not find HTC to be efficient in reducing tax evasion. Our survey evidence suggests that consumers are poorly informed about the details of HTC rules, which is one likely explanation for the limited responses to the tax credit.nonPeerReviewe