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Kansalliskirjaston johtokunnan kokous 1/2024
No full textKansalliskirjaston johtokunnan pöytäkirja 1/2024 suomeksi ja englanniksi.
The National Library of Finland, Board meeting 1/2024 in Finnish and in English
The Vasara circle as a conduit of conspiracist antisemitism in inter-war Finland
No full textThis article analyses the Finnish circle of far-right activists around the publishing company Vasara (‘Hammer’), set up in 1931. The analysis consists of a comprehensive survey of the backgrounds of the group members, the range of their antisemitic publication activities throughout the inter-war era, the sources of their published material and the content and style of their antisemitism. The concept of conspiracist antisemitism runs as a central thread, as the individuals involved had by the late 1920s accepted a belief in a global Jewish conspiracy. Through Vasara’s output and a range of other publications they were active until the end of the Second World War in trying to disseminate this antisemitism within the wider Finnish far right. As most of the members of the group were native Swedish speakers, they were also active as transmitters of antisemitic material between Sweden and Finland. An analysis of the backgrounds of the group members reveals a significant exposure to German antisemitism of both the pre-world-war and war eras. The Hammer Verlag set up by Theodor Fritsch in Germany seems to have acted as the most important model on which the Vasara group and many other Nordic inter-war antisemites modelled their activities
Freud and Judaism
No full textReview of Risto Nurmela: Sigmund Freud und sein Bekenntnis zum Judesein in ’Der Mann Moses und die monoteistische Religion’. Wien: Lit Verlag, 2023
Examining inequalities: from labour markets to social outcomes in Finland
No full textFinland is known for low income inequality by international comparison. In this paper we provide a long-run perspective on inequalities in Finland, and show that inequality is higher in the 21st century compared with many previous decades. We discuss the drivers of inequality in more detail, focusing on wages, earnings, employment and education, and also social outcomes such as partner-finding and family formation in the working-age population. The collective wage-setting system is a likely contributor to the relatively low and stable wage and earnings inequality among working indviduals. However, women fare worse in the labour market than men, despite having a higher education level on average. We also find that individuals who are out of work or have low education have a lower probability of finding a partner, indicating that social inequalities are linked with those in the labour market. Finally, we discuss the importance of redistribution as well as changes in tax legislation that have contributed to an increasing concentration of capital income, which has been an important factor in increasing households’ disposable income inequality.peerReviewe
Mångprofessionellt samarbete som stöd för elevers välbefinnande i finlandssvenska skolor : Nuläget och utvecklingsbehov
No full textSyftet med avhandlingen är att få kunskap om det nuvarande mångprofessionella samarbetet för elevers välbefinnande i finlandssvenska skolor i årskurserna 4–8 samt vilka utvecklingsbehov som finns i fråga om samarbetet. Utgående från syftet formulerades följande forskningsfrågor:
1. Hur samarbetar lärare mångprofessionellt för att stödja elevers välbefinnande?
2. Vilka fördelar upplever lärarna att det mångprofessionella samarbetet medför?
3. I vilken mån predicerar professionella relationer och elevvårdspersonalens involvering i skolverksamheten det mångprofessionella samarbetet?
4. Vad upplever lärare att behöver utvecklas inom det mångprofessionella samarbetet?
Avhandlingen utförs med kombinerade metoder och baserar sig på två enkätundersökningar som är en del av projektet SAMSYN vid Åbo Akademi. Samplet består av grundskolelärare i Korsholm och Vasa som svarat på en elektronisk enkät med både slutna och öppna frågor. Resultaten från de kvantitativa analyserna visade att lärare oftare samarbetar med skolkollegor än med annan elevvårdspersonal (t.ex. skolpsykolog och skolkurator). Lärare uppger att samarbetet med vårdnadshavare har ökat, men att vårdnadshavarna ännu inte är inkluderade i alla aspekter av det mångprofessionella samarbetet. Exempel på fördelar som samarbetet medför är att elever är mindre benägna att glida genom sprickor i systemet och att kvaliteten på elevvård har förbättrats. Dock har samarbetet inte lett till mer resurser eller möjligheter att hjälpa elever. Resultaten från de kvalitativa analyserna indikerar att ansvarsoch arbetsfördelning, strukturer, sekretess och gemensamma mål behöver utvecklas. Resultatet i de kvantitativa och kvalitativa analyserna var motstridigt i frågan om huruvida professionella relationer och elevvårdens involvering var viktigt för det mångprofessionella samarbetet
Mutually assured distraction : analysis of Sergey Karaganov's doomsday rhetoric in the context of Russian nuclear deterrence
No full textAlongside conventional warfare, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has reminded us about the prevailing relevance of deterrence issues and nuclear weapons even in modern-day conflicts. The deterrence rhetoric promoted by the Russian state leadership and certain prominent foreign policy experts has become increasingly hawkish and aggressive. Many of the statements consist of outright nuclear threats and doomsday lexicon. This raises the question, whether such threats are merely a final attempt to salvage what is left from Russia’s faltering position as a military superpower. Or, perhaps an attempt to discourage Western support in fear of Russian nuclear retaliation and to intimidate Ukraine to submission.
This research paper has a special focus on nuclear and deterrence rhetoric, namely, the statements of a long-standing Russian foreign policy expert, former advisor to the president, Sergey Karaganov. He has been a prominent figure in security policy debates for decades. He is most well-known for his long career in academia, but he also has an exhaustive list of positions in various Russian governmental organisations. The paper draws on Karaganov’s writings and ideas from the past decade. Main focus is on statements made after February 2022. The status and possible leverage power of Karaganov within the Russian state apparatus is evaluated. The aim is to also observe change in nuclear rhetoric and look for the origin and objective of certain claims. Moreover, the authority of Karaganov’s arguments and the prevalence of similar as well as contesting views is assessed. Karaganov’s statements are also related to the official line in the context of Russian, as well as Soviet nuclear debate.
Karaganov’s ideas have grown gradually more radical amidst Russia’s war against Ukraine. His most prominent and extreme idea is the introduction of a Russian preemptive nuclear strike on European soil to restore the Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) doctrine and bring the war in Ukraine to a favorable conclusion. For Karaganov, humanity has become dangerously indifferent to the threat of nuclear war. Peace is taken for granted. The threshold for the use of nuclear weapons needs to be “lowered”, so that nuclear rhetoric is no longer automatically perceived as a verbal saber rattling without real effect. Karaganov certainly has no direct political power, but judging by his current affiliations, he still has adequate authority left to enjoy trust and hold a place within the state apparatus and in Putin’s orbit. By allowing a myriad of figures like Karaganov with varying, even contradicting views and statements to take part in the deterrence debate Russia is utilising a strategy aimed at creating confusion, fear and hesitation in the opposing side. I call this the Russian mutually assured distraction strategy.
The grim reality is that the current Putin regime – Karaganov as part of it – lives and breathes conflict. Its very existence is tied to it and it has no genuine vision of Russia free from conflict. Therefore, it can be assumed that escalatory rhetoric and confrontation will continue, without Russia showing any real desire to work towards peace. The role of strategic forces and nuclear weapons will undoubtedly be emphasised in building deterrence, not least because of the poor performance of the conventional forces in Ukraine. However, the state leadership, primarily Putin himself, has stuck to strictly reciting the Military Doctrine and seemed even moderate in some of his statements compared to e.g. Karaganov. It might largely be an attempt to burnish Putin’s reputation to make him seem more rational. However, it does also signal that it is in Russia’s own interests to prolong the rhetorical, non-forceful, coercion and intimidation for as long as possible, and to avoid nuclear escalation from words to action to the last. A shared understanding still exists that any form of nuclear weapons’ use will have devastating effects.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
The transnational wound of Lausanne : A cultural memory analysis of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey
No full textDet stora befolkningsutbytet är en av de mest omfattande händelserna i Greklands och Turkiets historia. Greklands historia med Turkiet går långt bak till det Osmanska riket och dess erövringar. Under det så kallade tourkokratia smältes mycket av den grekiska och turkiska kulturen tillsammans i bland annat Mindre Asien. Genom åren krympte riket och efter det första världskrigets var det mångkulturella riket splittrat. Etniska, kulturella, språkliga och nationalistiska spänningar kulminerade i kriget i Mindre Asien mellan 1919 och 1922. Kriget avslutades med en fredskonferens i den schweiziska staden Lausanne. Lausannefördraget skulle bli synonymt med befolkningsutbytet. En av de mest omfattande aspekterna av fördraget var beslutet av ett etniskt befolkningsutbyte vars bakomliggande syfte skulle vara att nationellt homogenisera Grekland och Turkiet. Rent numerärt betydde detta att över 1,3–1,5 miljoner ortodoxkristna skulle ta sig västerut till Grekland och runt en halvmiljon muslimer skulle ta sig österut till Turkiet. Utbytet och de tvångsförflyttades minne lever fortfarande kvar och är en konstant påminnelse av ett blodigt och tragiskt transnationellt förflutet. Händelsen har grävt djupa sår i minnet av flera generationer av greker och turkar. Avhandlingen är uppdelad i tre analyskapitlen som analyserar befolkningsutbytets minneskultur från olika övergripliga och tematiska perspektiv. Första analyskapitlet diskuterar det kollektiva minnets och minneskulturens samverkan samt hur dessa påverkat befolkningsutbytets minneskulturella helhet. Det andra analyskapitlet diskuterar nationalismens påverkan på minneskulturen och vilka problem som det ställt i både då och nuläge. Det tredje och sista analyskapitlet undersöker historiska försoningsprojekt och vikten som historievetenskapen haft och har för befolkningsutbytets minneskultur
Contexts of Altar Flowers. A Contribution to a Theology in Construction.
No full textFlowers are placed on the altar in many Christian churches. However, while many other items on the altar have given rise to a vast body of theological research, this is not the case with altar flowers. In this article the author makes a constructive contribution to the theology of altar flowers and looks at the contexts in which altar flowers are imagined and how these can help to illustrate theological elements. Two initial contexts for altar flowers are assumed: the liturgical and the extra-liturgical, suggesting that altar flowers hold particular meanings both for those who know the Christian story, and equally for those who do not. It is suggested that a role which seems merely decorative is not that after all, as deeper Christian meanings can be offered in both contexts. Moreover, altar flowers as objects of nature have the capacity to speak to new groups of people on urgent contemporary themes. Finally, it is suggested that altar flowers may also bridge a divide between the secular and sacred. Apart from contributing to the construction of a theology of altar flowers, a deeper understanding of the intersections of aesthetics, faith and reason is sought
Sustainability in the Finna Services 2024
No full textThis presentation reviews the main themes of Finna's sustainability work and explains how the users want to see sustainability promoted in Finna in concrete ways. In the Finna User Survey 2023, users expressed their views on accessibility, reducing climate emissions, multilingualism, increasing the number of minority-related materials and the ethical use of materials. The responses offered a wide range of perspectives and suggestions to support Finna's development work.
Finnish version / suomeksi: https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/18846