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‘Go away,’ he said cheerfully : Föräldraföreställningar i Neil Gaimans Coraline och The Graveyard Book.
No full textSyftet med denna avhandling är att utföra en djupgående analys och jämförelse av föräldraföreställningarna i två romaner skrivna av Neil Gaiman (f. 1960); Coraline (2002) och The Graveyard Book (2008). Jag ställer följande frågor: Hur formar och påverkar föräldra-karaktärerna protagonisternas identitet och utveckling? Vilka gemensamma teman och berättargrepp i föräldraskildringarna i dessa två romaner kan identifieras och hur kan de förstås? Hur framkommer auktoritet och maktstrukturer i texterna?
De centrala teorierna i avhandlingen är för det första Marah Gubars släktskapsmodell, för det andra barnism så som Vanessa Joosen använder termen och för det tredje teorin om maktförhållanden mellan barn och vuxna beskrivna av Roberta Seelinger Trites. Föräldrakaraktärerna i vardera romanen undersöks utgående från de olika teorierna. Efter en analys av föräldraföreställningarna i romanerna jämförs resultaten från respektive roman med varandra.
Genom att med tre teoretiska angreppssätt, samtliga i någon mån med föräldrakaraktärer eller barn-vuxen förhållandet som centrala frågor, gå in i två romaner möjliggjordes olika infallsvinklar på och analyser av föräldraföreställningarna. En dialog kunde föras inte bara mellan två olika verk, det var dessutom möjligt att inom en och samma text leda ett trepartssamtal där stundvis motstridiga åsikter fick komma till tals
‘Provenly’ Queer and Entitled for Asylum : A Qualitative Study of the Social Exclusion that Heteronormativity Produces through the Finnish Asylum System
No full textQueer asylum seekers find themselves at an intersection of multiple exclusions because of their refugeeness and queerness, among other features (Danisi et al. 2021). In the European context, the borders of the EU have been externalized as a part of constructing ‘fortress Europe’, which, arguably, is a continuation of the colonial legacies of the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees from 1951 (see Varada Raj 2006, Spijkerboer 2017b, Mayblin 2014). Within this asylum regime of the EU, the externalization of borders, and the consequent exclusion of asylum seekers, queer asylum seekers arguably face compounded exclusion because of their queerness. Concerning the case of Finland, this thesis employs queer theory and social exclusion theory together to investigate how heteronormativity operates in the evaluations of sexual orientation and gender identity as asylum grounds in the asylum procedures conducted by the Finnish Immigration Service, and how it produces and reproduces social exclusion. The study employs a qualitative research design, including data production through semi-structured interviews with the personnel of the Finnish Immigration Service. The data produced through the interviews are subsequently analyzed through the theoretical framework, and elements of social constructionism and critical discourse analysis are incorporated as well. The findings of the study then guide painting a ‘queer future’ of the queer asylum seekers and a pathway for future research
Osynlig utan mantel : Ungdomars svar om ensamhet i skolan
No full textTidigare forskning visar att ensamhet har ökat under de senaste åren (Markelin, 2022). Emotioner och de kontextuella- och psykologiska faktorer som orsakar eller förekommer i samband med ensamhet kan samspela med varandra (McKenna-Plumley m.fl., 2023). Att känna sig ensam är endast länkat till negativa känslor medan frivillig ensamhet (på engelska: solitude, voluntary loneliness) är länkat till positiva känslor (McKenna-Plumley m.fl., 2023).
Syftet med denna avhandling är att ge en fördjupad bild av ensamhet utgående ifrån ungdomars perspektiv. Avhandlingen har både kvantitativa och kvalitativa forskningsfrågor:
1. Hur ofta känner sig ungdomar ensamma och finns det signifikanta könsskillnader och skillnader mellan olika åldersgrupper?
2. I vilka situationer upplever ungdomar ensamhet i skolan eller studielivet?
3. Vad har ungdomar för förhållningssätt till ensamhet?
4. På vilka sätt tänker ungdomar att ensamhet kan motverkas?
Forskningsfrågorna besvaras genom en enkätundersökning som genomfördes av HSS media år 2021. Den kvantitativa data (N 711, åldrarna 12–26 år) analyserades i SPSS. Frekvensanalyser och Chi i kvadrat-test utfördes för att undersöka förekomsten av ensamhet för samplet. Drygt en tredjedel (N=265) svarade även på den öppna frågan som användes i avhandlingen och den analyserades i Nvivo med hjälp av en konventionell innehållsanalys. Flickor rapporterar oftare att de känner sig ensamma än pojkar. Det finns ingen signifikant könsskillnad på frågan om man har en nära vän. Avhandlingens resultat visar att det finns signifikanta åldersskillnader i två av enkätfrågorna. Äldre elever upplever oftare ensamhet än yngre elever och känner sig oftare ensamma.
Från analysen som gjordes i Nvivo framkom det att ungdomarna beskriver situationer som orsakar ensamhet i skolkontexten så som kvaliteten av vänskapsrelationer, att ungdomars förhållningssätt till ensamhet är entydiga då ensamheten inte är självvald och att ungdomarna berättar om olika sätt att motverka ensamhet. Det förekommer vissa styrkor och brister i metoden som användes. En styrka med avhandlingen är användningen av både kvalitativa och kvantitativa data eftersom det ger en inblick i två olika typer av data. De kvalitativa svaren ger en fördjupning i de kvantitativa resultaten. Det kvantitativa datamaterialet är dock bristfälligt med tanke på att datainsamlingen inte specifikt fokuserade på att mäta ensamhet
Teaching Students with Specific Learning Difficulties Using the Multisensory Approach
No full textThe main objective of this thesis was to explore and analyse the use of multisensory material to teach students who face specific learning difficulties (SpLDs) in an elementary school in Finland to increase their learning and participation. To deal with this aim, three research questions were posed:
1) Which materials are useful to teach students who face SpLDs in Finland and what are their epistemic advantages?
2) What are the disadvantages of these materials to teach students who SpLDs in Finland?
3) To what extent did teachers think that multisensory materials increased students' learning and participation in class?
The research design was an ethnographic case study, and the case is implementing a new program: the multisensory teaching approach. A multisensory intervention including materials such as read it, build it, write it worksheets, Chinese mats, and CVC spelling board games was presented for the participants. I designed and used these materials and activities during support lessons to help students with SpLDs keep their focus in class and keep them motivated to overcome the barriers to learning and participation they might face. The participants of this dissertation were 12 school-aged students between 7 and 9 years old who participated in the support lessons when the multisensory materials and activities were implemented. During and after the intervention data was collected. During the intervention, data was collected using observation and diary notes from the students. After the intervention, a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from 4 class teachers to study their perspectives on the multisensory approach. All students and teachers studied or worked in the same school. The context of the study was an elementary school in Vaasa, Finland. The materials were analysed using thematic analysis to identify several themes related to the following dimensions: (1) learning impact (2) social impact and (3) disadvantages of the multisensory material used in the study.
The thematic analysis showed that multisensory activities and materials such as read it, build it, write it worksheets, Chinese mats, and CVC spelling board games are useful to teach students with specific learning difficulties. Additionally, the teachers who participated in this study believed that using different multisensory materials and activities in support lessons and mainstream classrooms for first and second-grade students is beneficial for all and helps them develop their self-esteem and motivation during their classes.
Nowadays as teachers, we know that we need to ‘have continuous professional development (CPD) to meet students’ needs. The implications of this thesis can inform future policy and practice in inclusive education in Finland and underline the importance of considering the role of inclusive teaching in the broader context of Finnish education
Åppi – Opi & koe Aurajoki virtuaalisesti
No full textEsittely Digitaalinen sivistys ja kulttuuriperintö – 3D:n mahdollisuudet -keskustelutilaisuuden Keskustelu eri alojen tarpeista ja tulevaisuuden mahdollisuuksista -paneeliin 17.4.2024. Tilaisuus oli osa opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön käynnistämää digitaalisen sivistyksen keskustelusarjaa ja Suomen digitaalisen kompassin toimeenpanoa. Oodissa ja verkossa järjestetyn hybriditilaisuuden järjestivät yhteistyössä Digime-verkosto, Kansalliskirjasto, Museovirasto sekä opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö
Why Do Finnish Children Abscond from Out-of-Home Care?
No full textAbsconding is a widespread issue in out-of-home care causing significant risk for the children who abscond, such as being sexually exploited or participating in other harmful behaviours like using illegal substances (Courtney et al., 2005; Biehal & Wade, 1999). Statistic from Finland has shown that children who abscond from their out-of-home care placement do so multiple times, alas the issues behind absconding are not being remedied once they do return (Isoniemi, 2019).
Previous research on the subject has shown that children who abscond do so to either run “away” from something or run “to” something (Crosland and Dunlap, 2015; Crosland et al., 2018). These categories have been developed by classifying the reasons children give for absconding. The factors in the “to” category most commonly involve accessing people whom children are attached to or hobbies. Factors in the “away” category, in turn, commonly involve absconding from a disliked environment, or people. The current study’s aim is to examine whether Finnish children who abscond do so to either to run “away” or to run “to” something. Furthermore, another objective was to uncover whether the same risk factors discovered in previous research i.e., age, gender and substance abuse would be seen in the current study. The present study uses pre-existing data from a Finnish study to analyse the reasons behind absconding. Participants (N=112) completed a questionnaire regarding absconding. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine whether Finnish children who abscond from out-of-home care do so to run “to” or to run “away” from something. A third variable, “mood,” was included since it could not be categorised in “to” or “away.” Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was utilised to determine whether age, gender and substance abuse issues were risk factors for absconding. Children reported that they were most likely to abscond because of “mood.” After excluding this factor for its ambiguous nature, it was most probable for children to run “to” something rather than “away.”
Furthermore, substance abuse issues were found to be associated with absconding. To conclude, Finnish children who abscond are more likely to be motivated to abscond to gain access to people or activities that that are not accessible in their out-of-home care placement, in addition to being more likely to use substances, such as drugs or alcohol, in comparison to children who do not abscond
Are Individuals in an Armed Conflict Developing into Zeroes and Ones? : A Study of Autonomous Weapon Systems and International Humanitarian Law
No full textThe utility of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) is arguably greater at completing tasks than combatants. With regard to lethal attacks by an AWS it would be necessary that their assignments are accompanied by legal structures and procedures that are designed to take on the challenges that the development of using AWS for lethal purposes inevitably poses. With regard to fully AWS, the threat that the lethal use of AWS poses mainly regards the protection of civilians in armed conflict. An interesting and problematic part of AWS is what the weapon promises for international humanitarian law (IHL) and moreover, what the weapon threatens with regard to compliance for the humanitarian values of warfare. Thus, the thesis sets out to analyse AWS in relation to four principles of the law of armed conflict. The four principles are distinction, necessity, proportionality and humanity.
Against this background, the research question of this thesis is, do AWS present a challenge to the principles of distinction, necessity, proportionality and humanity in IHL? What are the prerequisites for compliance with IHL principles in the targeting process of the AWS? The thesis will discuss which provisions of the principle of distinction are easily programmable. The thesis will also question how proportionality should be assessed in an AWS. Are individuals in an armed conflict essentially going to be programmed as zeroes and ones? One determining civilians and another determining combatants. Additionally, questions discussed in the thesis regard how concepts such as “excessive” civilian harm, “principles of humanity” and “dictates of public conscience”, and “necessary for a legitimate end” are difficult prerequisites for an AWS.
Furthermore, the AWS introduces a new way of targeting and engaging individuals in armed conflicts. For that reason, the thesis will evaluate programmable processes such as the IHL six-step targeting process, varying categories of target selections, and the Collateral Damage Estimate. The study will automatically focus on the principles of distinction and proportionality, while in addition considering aspects of necessity and humanity in the programming of an AWS.
The problem of the thesis is that internationally there is no agreed upon definition for AWS. In addition, fully AWS have not been abundantly fielded yet in armed conflicts. Therefore, while the thesis applies a legal dogmatic method, the thesis will also apply a forward-looking approach to the relation between fully AWS and IHL. Fully AWS are weapons of the future, however, the autonomous technologies for these weapon systems are progressing concurrently with, for example, developments in autonomous cars and autonomous decision-making processes in government
Crouzeix förmodan
No full textI min avhandling går jag detaljerat igenom ett bevis ur en artikel av Clouâtre, Ostermann och Ransford från 2022 som bevisar olikheten i Crouzeix förmodan med konstanten c=1+√2. Beviset bygger på en abstrakt sats med ett kort bevis, där man erhåller en mer allmän olikhet med konstanten 1+√2. I avhandlingen visar jag att påståendet i Crouzeix förmodan är ett specialfall av den abstrakta satsen. I beviset är Cauchy-integralen, operatorteori och funktionalkalkyl centrala verktyg. Som bakgrund presenterar jag kort von Neumanns olikhet och resultat relaterade till c-spektrala mängder