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No full textPresentation at the URN:NBN webinar on May 15, 202
AI kuvankäsittelyä - Tarvitaanko kuvankäsittelijöitä jatkossa lainkaan?
No full textEsityksessä kerrotaan erilaisten tekoälypohjaisten kuvankäsittelyohjelmien käyttökokemuksista ja pohditaan automaattiseen kuvankäsittelyyn liittyviä etuja, haasteita ja eettisiä näkökulmia museotyössä. Esitys oli osa kevään 2024 museoiden Finna-tapaamisen ohjelmaa
An evaluation of implementing a progressive web application with micro frontend architecture
No full textWith a constantly evolving web, progressive web applications have surfaced as a new type of application combining the reach of the web with the capabilities of platform applications. Built as an enhanced web application, a progressive web application can provide an experience akin to a platform application by enabling installation, offline-capability, high performance, and native features via modern browser application programming interfaces (APIs). However, the increased complexity and size of modern web applications can become an impediment to efficient application development, therefore prompting an alternative to monolithic frontend application development called micro frontends. Related to microservices, micro frontends allow a frontend application to be split into smaller applications that are independently developed and deployed, contributing to easier scalability. Progressive web applications and micro frontends are often discussed separately, and as such do not have previous research into their combined viability as far as the author is aware. This thesis presents an evaluation of creating scalable applications with the progressive aspect by implementing a progressive web application based on micro frontend architecture. The example application is evaluated to demonstrate the viability of utilizing micro frontends for an enhanced web application, with an assessment of who could potentially benefit from such an approach. The implemented application demonstrates no hindrance of combining a progressive web application with a micro frontend architecture, albeit the finalized application possesses a more complex architecture than a monolithic application would require. Thus, the demonstrated approach would most likely not benefit a small to moderately sized application. Large applications, however, may benefit from micro frontends on an organizational and architectural level, while also enabling a progressive multi platform application with a single codebase. Used together or separately, progressive web applications and micro frontends represent the latest trends in web development. The results of this thesis are expected to provide some insight into their viability as a potential approach for future web development
The right to health for women under article 12 of the ICESCR in climate change-induced displacement in South Asia
No full textThe thesis examines the protection of health-related rights of internally displaced women due to climate change in South Asia within the framework of article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The thesis analyses the connection between climate change and displacement in South Asia and their impacts on the region’s population. The health challenges faced by women in internal climate change-induced displacement is examined, highlighting the reasons of their vulnerabilities in the region. The marginalization of these women in terms of health rights is explained using the concept of intersectionality through overlapping issues of climate change, displacement and women’s rights problems in South Asia.
The thesis analyses article 12 of the ICESCR in a board interpretation concerning the right to health for internally displaced women. The analyse demonstrates that article 12 encompasses access to health care and key determinants of health, like food, water, adequate housing and sanitation. Under article 12, States have an obligation to respect; protect; fulfill for the realization of the right to health. The thesis uses minimum core obligation approach to focus on the immediate and non-derogable obligations for women as a disadvantaged group in the thesis. Additionally, the thesis examines the principle of gender equality and non-discrimination with special attention on women’s rights under the ICESCR.
The analyses reveal the non-realization of article 12 through highlighting current violations of the right to health for these women in the region. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the limited justiciability of article 12 in South Asian states in case of such violation, leading to ineffective implementation of the right. Lastly, the male-centred language of the ICESCR is also examined as a main barrier to women’s right to health under article 12.
In conclusion, the thesis finds that article 12 of the ICESCR is not effective in addressing the health-related right of women in internal climate change-induced displacement in South Asia due to its limited justiciability and male-based language
Vad de finlandssvenska dagstidningarna skrev åren 1918–1920 om läroplikten
No full textI studien undersöks vad man ur de finlandssvenska dagstidningarna kan utläsa om aktuella frågor gällande den finländska utbildningen under den tid som riksdagen behandlade lagen om läroplikt åren 1918–1920
Understanding user information behaviour : An analysis of data protection measures on digital platforms
No full textThis thesis examines the data protection measures used to protect user data on digital platforms. It focuses on comprehending user information behaviour about privacy concerns, data protection, and digital trust. Especially, the study places emphasis on how people perceive, feel, and behave when it comes to permission procedures and data security on digital platforms; thereby, the researcher can determine how effective current privacy laws and procedures are at protecting user privacy while also taking into account their benefits and rights.
With the aim of supporting the thesis's motivation and objectives as stated in the introduction part, the literature review capitalises on recognised research on user information behaviour, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and privacy concerns in the digital environment. Simultaneously, based on the main concepts and research questions, the theoretical framework draws on concepts such as GDPR, information behaviour models, the framework for analysing data protection standards, and some noteworthy privacy theories and models, thereby providing a robust foundation for understanding users' decision-making processes when disclosing personal data online. Furthermore, in order to yield valuable insights on the factors that influence users' decisions to share data and the efforts to protect their data, a quantitative approach is employed to provide a comprehensive comparison of the factors across different demographic segments, backgrounds, and others.
Nowadays, the reliance on data availability and diversity on digital platforms strongly drives platform providers to improve the level of trust by learning how individuals interact with and secure their information online. Significantly, the findings demonstrate that individual information behaviour is controlled by not only the level of awareness and privacy concerns but also contextual factors and users' technological adoption. Furthermore, the findings shed light on how users behave and respond to information and the complexity of policies by delving into different aspects such as cultural norms, technological factors, and past experiences. Importantly, they also underscore users' expectations and limitations regarding data handling for platform providers to refine their approaches while ensuring transparency in the handling and exploiting of personal data.
In conclusion, the thesis is expected to emphasise the significance of policies and data protection measures on digital platforms and the importance of understanding users' information behaviours. Furthermore, the researcher uses the results of the questionnaire, theoretical perspectives, and real-world cases in order to generate valuable insights for policymakers, companies, and users to promote a more ethical, transparent, and privacy-respecting digital world.
KEYWORDS: GDPR, CCPA, data sovereignty, data security, confidentiality, privacy laws and policies, cybersecurity, information control, online tracking, personal information, transparency, data breaches, user consent, data collection, tracking cookies, data protection regulations, privacy settings, online privacy, surveillance capitalism, data mining, privacy violations, privacy awareness and perception
Fri radikal sampolymerisation av lignin och butylakrylat
No full textUtveckling av biobaserade alternativ är i full gång inom en stor variation av sektorer. En stor del är förädling och utnyttjning av biprodukter från trä- och pappersindustrin. En komponent inom biomassaindustrin som är relativt oexploaterad är lignin, en aromatisk förening som är en stor del av biomassan. Lignin har potential att ersätta nuvarande fossila produkter med biobaserade och alternativa lösningar.
Under detta arbete undersöktes en reaktion för förädling av lignin genom polymerisation med akrylatmonomerer och utvalda initiatorer som formar radikaler som startar kedjebildningen. Lignin från tall och björk undersöktes i sampolymerisation med butylakrylat och de erhållna produkterna jämfördes för att se hur egenskaperna ändras från referensmaterialet som är butylakrylat homopolymer.
Utifrån resultaten som erhållits från de olika lignintyperna och koncentrationerna är det rimligt att dra följande slutsatser. Olika koncentrationer av lignin ger upphov till produkter med varierande konsistenser. Högre ligninkoncentration härdar och bildar en hård yta, medan en lägre koncentration gör materialet mjukare och mer klibbigt. Valet av initiator visar ytterligare varierande grader av effektivitet. De initiatorer som undersökts är omnirad, CaCl2 + H2O2 och benzoylperoxid. Efter analysering av respektive prov med analysmetoder: NMR, HPSEC och SDT, visar det sig att slutprodukterna inverkas märkbart beroende på parametrarna
The Application of Obligations Erga Omnes (Partes) in the Protection of Stateless Persons from the Crime of Genocide - A Study of The Gambia v. Myanmar Case
No full textThis thesis outlines the positive obligations of states under international law to actively promote the well-being and rights of individuals and communities, including their duty to prevent human rights violations, such as genocide. The focus is on the plight of the Rohingya in Myanmar, a stateless Muslim minority group facing discrimination and persecution. Considering the vulnerable status that stateless people have, it is argued in the thesis that stateless people are more prone to serious human rights violations such as genocide. In the thesis, the evolving significance of erga omnes (partes) obligations in the case law of the ICJ, notably in the pending case The Gambia v. Myanmar, is discussed. Erga omnes (partes) refers to obligations that are owed to all and as a common interest of all states, it is to prevent violations of such obligations to occur. The prohibition of genocide is recognized as an obligation erga omnes (partes). Thus, the thesis examines the meaning of obligations erga omnes (partes) in the protection of stateless people. The emphasis lies on the importance of recognizing and addressing atrocities as genocide and not, e.g., crimes against humanity. This is of particular importance when considering the protection of vulnerable groups, such as stateless people, who lack sufficient human rights protection. The thesis explores the expansion of legal interest, allowing states not directly affected to intervene in cases of common concern.
The legal responsibility that can result from a state’s failure to fulfil these obligations is highlighted. Particularly, a state’s legal responsibility for the crimes under the Genocide Convention is analyzed. Therefore, the special Genocide Convention is analyzed in detail to understand the level of protection it provides. Simultaneously, it is explained, why it is important to strictly define a crime as genocide and what consequences it could have on the level of protection if such categorization is not made. The special compromissory clause in Article IX of the Genocide Convention is highlighted in the text as it grants state parties the right to institute proceedings before the ICJ for breaches of the Convention. The thesis further elaborates on the possibilities of the evolving jurisprudence of the ICJ in relation to cases of common interest. As an example of an increasing number of cases that make a reference to the common interest of states, the thesis discusses some other pending cases before the ICJ, e.g. cases concerning the conflict in Gaza and a case on the Russian aggression on Ukraine. This thesis thus concludes that the evolving jurisprudence of the Court has already had some positive implications as it has broadened the right for states others than injured institute proceedings before the ICJ
Från återkoppling till framgång – en studie om hur kvinnor i generation Z upplever feedback på arbetsplatsen
No full textFeedback spelar en väsentlig roll vid inlärning av färdigheter och kunskap men trots detta återstår frågor kring hur feedback bäst ska ges för att kunna främja trivsamma arbetsmiljöer och professionell utveckling, särskilt när olika generationers tillvägagångsätt kolliderar med varandra. Detta problemområde blir alltmer tydligt när nya generationer tillträder arbetsmarknaden, vilket är något som händer som bäst i och med generation Z:s intåg i arbetslivet.
Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kvinnliga individer i generation Z med kort arbetslivserfarenhet ser på och reflekterar kring feedback, samt hur denna feedback påverkar deras arbetstrivsel. Genom att lyfta fram deras perspektiv och röster, strävar jag efter att öka medvetandet kring feedbackens roll för arbetstrivseln och att öppna upp för nya tankesätt kring feedback.
Mina forskningsfrågor lyder: Hur upplever kvinnor i generation Z att feedback påverkar deras arbetstrivsel och motivation? Hur upplever kvinnor i generation Z att deras arbete påverkas av den typ av feedback som de fått? Hur upplever kvinnor i generation Z att deras arbete påverkats av eventuell utebliven feedback? Hurdan feedback är ändamålsenlig för att upprätthålla arbetstagarnas motivation enligt kvinnor i generation Z?
Metoden jag använt mig av i min empiriska studie är semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem kvinnor i generation Z. Metoden gav mig möjligheten att samla in informanternas tankar kring feedback utan att styra dem för mycket. Med hjälp av informanternas åsikter och tankar har jag kunnat identifiera problemområden och utvecklingspunkter för feedback på arbetsplatser där kvinnor ur generation Z arbetar.
Resultaten av studien indikerar framför allt att unga kvinnor i generation Z upplever ett starkt behov av bekräftelse för att kunna stärka sitt arbetsjag och känslan av att faktiskt utvecklas i sitt jobb. Däremot framkom det personliga skillnader gällande preferenser om feedbackfrekvens och utformning av feedback. Studien understryker också behovet av att se över hur väl den målbaserade teorin går att tillämpa på generation Z. Mina insikter lyfter fram behovet av att utveckla feedbacksstrategier som tar hänsyn till generationella skillnader samt skillnader mellan könen för att främja arbetstrivseln samt arbetstagarnas individuella utveckling