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Klasslärares attityder till generativ AI i deras yrke : En kvalitativ enkätstudie
No full textArtificiell intelligens är ett högaktuellt ämne som medför förändringar i samhället och utbildningssektorn. Den teknologiska utvecklingen sker i snabb takt, och det kommer att påverka även skolan. Därför har jag valt att undersöka hur klasslärare upplever användningen av det digitala verktyget generativ artificiell intelligens i deras yrke.
Syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till en ökad förståelse av vilken påverkan generativ AI har i skolan, ur klasslärarnas perspektiv. Fokus ligger på att undersöka vilka möjligheter samt utmaningar klasslärare upplever med användningen av generativ AI i sin yrkesvardag. Avhandlingen baserar sig på två forskningsfrågor:
Vilka möjligheter upplever klasslärare med användningen av AI i deras yrke? Vilka utmaningar upplever klasslärare med användningen av AI i deras yrke?
Datainsamlingsmetoden genomfördes som en kvalitativ enkätstudie där informanterna kontaktades via e-post och Whatsapp. Totalt deltog 14 finlandssvenska klasslärare från olika regioner, med varierande arbetserfarenhet inom branschen. Resultaten visar att klasslärare ser generativ AI som en positiv digital resurs som kan minska arbetsbelastningen, särskilt i planeringsarbete och genom att spara tid. Samtidigt som klasslärarna anser AI innehålla potential, framkommer även utmaningar i forma av tillförlitlighet och källkritik, innehållsmässiga fel i AI-genererat material och etiska aspekter
Konstruktionen av en borgerlig mode- och dräkthistoria : Nykarleby museums dräktsamling ur ett perspektiv av dubbel representation.
No full textMuseum utgör en mötesplats mellan människan och materiella ting från en förfluten tid. Mötet mellan en människa och ett föremål är anmärkningsvärd i detta sammanhang, eftersom förståelsen av det förflutna är beroende av museets förvaltade konstruktion. Konstruktionen av det framställda är ett särskilt betydelsefullt perspektiv att undersöka, då det synliggör en meningsskapande process, det vill säga betydelsen av urvalet och musealiseringen av föremål, vilket är kärnan i den museala presentationen.
Nykarleby museum, även känt som Josef Herlers museum, är ett lokalt ideellt drivet museum i Nykarleby. Avhandlingen analyserar museets dräktsamling och besvarar frågan: Hurudan mode- och dräkthistoria konstruerar museet genom den utställda dräktsamlingen? Tidigare forskning om museisamlingar och dräkter har i synnerhet fokuserat på föremålens materiella betydelser och tillskrivna meningar. Dräkter har dock inte analyserats ingående i en museikontext. Avhandlingens syfte är därmed att fylla denna kunskapslucka genom att analysera ett urval av 35 kvinnliga utställda dräktföremål. Det metodiska tillvägagångssättet utgörs av checklistor för dräktanalyser.
Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från ett museologiskt perspektiv på materiell kultur. Som en del av den materiella kulturen har dräkterna modifierats genom kulturellt beteende, det vill säga musealisering, vilket innebär att de tilldelas särskilda kulturella meningar. Avhandlingens centrala analytiska verktyg är dubbel representation. Dubbel representation består av den första och den andra representationen. Den första representationen innefattar objektets fysiska egenskaper, proveniens, och all kunskap och anknytningar som det har eller kan ha representerat som (bruks)föremål. Den andra representationen innefattar i sin tur det som görs med föremålet, det vill säga omvandlingen av ett objekt till en markör för något i en museal presentation. Museiföremål har med andra ord tilldelats betydelser och meningar som kan identifieras i konstruktionen.
Avhandlingens slutsats är att Nykarleby museum, med hjälp av dräktutställningen, konstruerar en mode- och dräkthistoria som framhäver borgerlig moderiktighet genom ett teatraliskt utställningskoncept. I avhandlingens slutsatser framhålls det att framställningen kan kopplas till stadens storhetstid under 1800-talet. Det som även framkommit utgör kärnan i dubbel representation, nämligen att museiföremål inte är statiska eller entydiga i sin framställning. Föremål kan ha varierande kontextuell information och olika nivåer av proveniens, men det är museets kontext, det vill säga den samtid då museet och dess samlingar skapades, samt de aktörer som varit involverade i sammanställningen av den museala presentation, som är avgörande för hur föremålen kan tolkas
The Impact of Digital Payments on Consumers and Traditional Payments in Finland
No full textIn recent years, digital payments have become an increasingly significant part of everyday transactions, especially in digitally advanced countries like Finland. As smartphones and mobile applications replace traditional payment methods, it is important to understand how this shift affects consumer behavior and the broader financial ecosystem. While global studies on digital payment trends exist, research focused on Finnish consumers remains limited. This study was conducted to fill that gap by exploring how digital wallets are used in Finland and how they compare to more traditional payment methods such as cash and bank cards.
The objective of this study is to examine how digital wallets impact consumer preferences, trust, and daily payment habits in Finland. The theoretical framework is based on existing literature related to digital finance, consumer behavior, and trust in financial technology. The study was conducted using a quantitative method, and data were collected through an anonymous online survey via social media platforms. The survey included demographic, closed-ended, and Likert scale questions and received a total of 162 responses from Finnish
residents.
The results show that although debit cards remain the most preferred payment method, mobile wallets are widely used, particularly among younger respondents. Convenience and speed were seen as key advantages. However, many users were unwilling to pay fees for digital wallets. Most participants reported trust in digital wallet providers, yet opinions about the overall security of digital wallets compared to traditional methods varied. The results offer useful findings for banks, merchants, and policymakers working to support secure, inclusive, and user-friendly digital payment systems
Informationsasymmetri, tillitsattribut och marknadskommunikation : En analys av hållbarhetscertifieringars effekt på den europeiska textilmarknaden
No full textIn light of growing global consumption and increasing environmental and social concerns, sustainability certifications have emerged as a potential solution to address information asymmetries regarding sustainability attributes in markets. This thesis sets out to examine whether such third-party certifications can reduce information asymmetry and the risk of adverse selection in the European textile market.
The theoretical framework consists of information asymmetry, credence attributes, and adverse selection. As sustainability aspects can be considered credence attributes, credible communication is essential to reduce information asymmetry and mitigate the risk of adverse selection. Third-party sustainability certifications may provide a means to convey sustainability information credibly. Drawing on a dataset covering over 200 000 companies from 2014 to 2023, the study analyses the financial impact of six sustainability certifications using both a difference-in-differences approach with two-way fixed effects and treatment effect estimates based on matched samples. However, the models are sensitive to assumptions about company behaviour and treatment timing.
Three hypotheses are formulated: (1) certified companies perform better financially, (2) the effectiveness of certification increases as recognition grows, and (3) lower information asymmetry correlates with higher market activity. The first two are confirmed based on statistically significant results across all models employed, while the third is not fully testable with the available data. Two competing interpretations are presented in order to explain the results: consumer-driven demand shifts and increased certification adoption. The first explains observed trends primarily through increased recognition of certifications, as well as changes in consumer behaviour and preferences over time. Conversely, the second interpretation attributes the results mainly to a growing number of companies acquiring certifications, as the available data does not allow for accounting for this development. The reality is likely to lie between these extremes.
This study adds a quantitative perspective to a field that is dominated by qualitative case studies, and also incorporates a joint evaluation of multiple sustainability labels—an aspect that is relatively uncommon in the field. Ultimately, the thesis underscores the potential of credible sustainability certifications to convey trustworthy information, mitigate adverse selection, and support more sustainable consumption patterns
lnhibition Ability For E.coli Target Treatment DNAzyme- Based Nanoparticle With Cell Division
No full textDNAzyme-based gene therapies have been tested to be efficient in the treatment process of resistant infections. RNA cleaving DNAzymes could inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction by blocking mRNA in the biosynthetic pathways. FtsZ gene plays a crucial role in bacterial cell division in Escherichia coli. The inhibition of the FtsZ mRNA can suppress the growth of E.coli. Despite DNAzyme-based gene silencing is highly stable and specific process, difficulties occur in the target transport in vivo. Alternating technologies like vector-based delivery encompass barriers like excessive damaging effects, low drug loading ability and laborious work. In this study, we address these challenges by developing DNAzyme-based nanoparticles that incorporate metal ions. This approach enhances the delivery of DNAzymes into the target cells while simultaneously providing bactericidal effects through the release of metal ions that possess antibacterial properties. In the current research work, the aim is to design a DNAzyme-based nanoparticle that includes three components i.e. DNAzyme, metal-ions and an aptamer. The next objective was to successfully incorporate this DNAzyme- based nanoparticle into E.coli and to monitor its effects on the decrease in protein expression and growth rate. The enzymatic activities of the DNAzyme and the aptamer conjugated to the DNAzyme were assessed in the presence of varying concentrations of metal ions. It was noted that 5 mM calcium ions identified as sufficient for achieving maximum fragmented products. The incorporation of the aptamer with the DNAzyme enhanced the kinetics of the chemical reactions as the fragmented products were obtained after 10 hours of incubation. The fabrication of metal nanoparticles involved the combination of calcium and copper ions and aptamer conjugated DNAzyme. The size of the nanoparticles exhibited significant variation when calcium and copper ions were applied either separately or in combination. Notably, when both calcium and copper ions were utilized together in the presence of the aptamer in a ratio of 1:1 concentration respectively, the nanoparticle size decreased to 50 nm demonstrating a compact structure. These nano particles were then introduced into E.coli and observed through confocal microscopy. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the reduction in the protein expression of FtsZ in E.coli. A substantial reduction in FtsZ protein expression was detected when employing both DNAzyme and DNAzyme-aptamer conjugates-based nanoparticles. Finally, the reduction in growth of the bacteria was observed through culturing on Tryptic Soy Agar. Minimal growth was observed on agar plates which represented that the DNAzyme-based nanoparticle successfully halted the FtsZ mRNA in E.coli which led to decrease production of FtsZ proteins and growth altogether. These outcomes demonstrate the DNAzymes potential for therapeutic use. The findings of this study may be expanded upon in future investigations into treatments for illnesses linked to bacterial and other microorganism-induced resistance
A Nascent State of Palestine : Following the Threads of Self-Determination in Palestine-Israel
No full textSince the question of Palestine was submitted to the United Nations in 1947, it has been a frequent topic of debate among members of the international community. A central theme of this debate is the international legal principle of self-determination; on multiple occasions, United Nations bodies have affirmed the right to self-determination of the people of Palestine, including the right to independent sovereign statehood. However, the legal basis for the Palestinian entitlement to statehood is less than clear. Accordingly, this thesis aims to uncover how the right to self-determination of the people of Palestine includes the right to statehood. This research question is answered by examining how the law of self-determination applies to the historical, ethnocultural, and national characteristics of the Palestinian population. In light of the State of Palestine’s vetoed 2024 application to full UN membership, this thesis also considers whether the State of Palestine meets the criteria of statehood. Finally, this thesis addresses whether the two-state solution provides the best protection for the right of peoples to self-determination in Palestine-Israel. This thesis employs the methodology of dogmatic legal research in its analysis of relevant treaty and soft law instruments, supported by international jurisprudence and scholarly work.
The main results of this research find that the law of self-determination applies to Palestinians as a people and nation, based on their historical identity as a people and their long-standing aspirations to self-government. Possessed of the sole legitimate claim over the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, Palestinians are entitled, under the law of self-determination, to determine their form of government, including the establishment of a sovereign state. Deliberations of the Security Council on Palestine’s application for membership indicate a significant level of political subjectivity, particularly when compared to deliberations on the application of Israel. Although questions remain as to whether Palestine sufficiently meets the criteria of statehood, this thesis finds that the relevant characteristics and circumstances point to the existence of a nascent State of Palestine. Further, statehood provides the strongest protection for Palestinian self-determination, as alternatives are inadequate and unlikely. Nevertheless, the presence of significant mutual dependence and vulnerability between Palestinians and Israelis establishes a dynamic of interdependent interests effectively described by the concept of common destiny
Perceptions of homosexuality in Nigeria : A phenomenological study of five Nigerians in Finland
No full textIndividuals migrating from developing countries to Western societies may experience shifts in their beliefs and attitudes toward homosexual people. Limited studies have focused on migrants’ perceptions after relocating from one country to another, particularly from a social exclusion lens. Therefore, this study sought to investigate migrant perception both during their time living in Nigeria and after moving to Finland through a qualitative approach, focusing on the perspectives of Nigerians residing in Finland. The sample consists of five individuals who represent a range of education, interests, and employment backgrounds. The qualitative data was collected from the interview sessions, and this study revealed that Nigerians living in Finland have a better understanding of Homosexuality. This study showed that the perception of Nigerians of homosexual people have changed after relocating to Finland. This study also revealed factors related to the social exclusion of homosexual people in Nigeria, such as culture, religion, policy, and law. It can be concluded that there is a change in perception, beliefs, and attitudes towards homosexual people. It is recommended that there is a need to organize seminars or workshops and sensitization programs that would foster understanding and empathy to promote the rights of people to be able to live freely as human irrespective of the identity they chose to be recognized with, especially for migrants that moved from a country where it is not legalized to a country where it is legal entity
Racism and Social Identity Threat among Hazara Emigrants from Afghanistan
No full textThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of racism on the social identity threat experienced by Hazara emigrants.
The study was based on semi-structured interviews with six Hazara emigrants living in five different countries. The data were analysed thematically to identify key themes and patterns.
The findings revealed that the Hazaras encounter systemic racism that influences their social identity. Participants described experiences of discrimination in areas such as education, housing, and employment. Prejudice stemming from their country of origin and ethnic background were commonly encountered. The study also highlighted the impact of institutional policies that contribute to social identity threats, as well as the feelings of isolation and exclusion migrants face.
It was concluded that racism significantly affected the sense of belonging and social identity of the Afghan migrants in the sample. There is a need for policy reforms and community-based initiatives to combat racial discrimination. Educational and institutional changes are essential to promoting inclusion and integration for Afghan migrants
Urea Deposit Formation on a Marine Selective Catalytic Reduction Injector
No full textThe formation of solid urea-based deposits in exhaust ducts is a frequently encountered issue in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, which aim to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) from internal combustion engines. The deposits are formed through several mechanisms and chemical side reactions. Urea deposits increase the risk of clogging issues in the exhaust duct, leading to possible performance losses in the engine or exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The urea-water solution, used for reducing NOx molecules in the SCR, is injected with a special injector. The injector has a potential risk of deposit formation during SCR system operation. This experimental study examines the mechanisms and critical parameters that influence deposit formation on injectors in marine urea-SCR systems. This study aims to determine the risk of deposit formation on an air-assisted urea-SCR injector by evaluating the impact of critical system parameters on deposit-forming mechanisms.
A literature search was conducted to understand the chemical reaction pathways of urea decomposition and byproduct formation, emphasising the role of surface temperature and fluid dynamics. To explore the deposit-forming mechanisms experimentally, a small-scale hot gas test bench was modified. Sight glasses were added for visual observation, and a custom-designed air-cooled deposit probe with temperature measurement was developed. Small- and full-scale injector temperature measurement was performed with different nozzle sizes to map surface temperature profiles under various operational scenarios. Testing in hot air or exhaust gas was also performed on both injectors to determine the potential of deposit formation. The starting point of the experimental testing was no considerable deposit formation on the observed surfaces.
The combined results identified surface temperatures of 160–210°C as being prone to deposit formation. Inside this temperature range, both wall film and deposit formation are likely to occur during impingement of fine urea droplets on a pre-cooled surface, such as the injector. The build-up of deposits in this temperature interval was also confirmed in full-scale with long-term testing in transient conditions. Low exhaust gas velocity, small nozzle size and low injection pressure induced the formation of deposits. The presented conditions pose a considerable risk for both deposit initiation and continuous deposit formation.
The findings highlight the importance of flow conditions and thermal distribution around the injector tip in mitigating deposit formation from urea. The result from this study provides valuable insights for optimising injection parameters and guiding injection and mixing development to mitigate the formation of urea-based deposits. Conclusions from this study can be utilised to develop more precise control strategies considering deposit formation on air-assisted injectors
The Right to Health for Undocumented Migrants : A Legal and Practical Analysis of International Laws and EU Member States Approaches to Protecting Health Rights from a Human Rights Perspective
No full textHealth is recognised as a Universal right regardless of legal or migration status, and the right to health for undocumented migrants is rooted in international human rights law. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) firmly affirm the right to achieve the highest standard for all individuals, explicitly prohibiting discrimination based on any grounds, including migration status.1 Moreover, Treaty bodies, such as the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Human Rights Committee, have emphasised that states must provide access to emergency care through primary health care institutions without any discrimination.2 Many European countries, because of the fear of increased expenditure and growth of irregular migration, are not interested in extending social benefits to undocumented migrants and are reluctant to address this issue. Besides this fear of deportation, notifying migration authorities, anxiety of dismissal from work, social stigma and enormous expense of a private health care facility, undocumented migrants are afraid of accessing professional medical assistance. As a result, it becomes challenging to accurately assess the real scenario of the undocumented migrant’s health rights condition and their accessibility and availability in different EU countries. In this thesis, I applied doctrinal method aiming to investigate international human rights instruments and European legal frameworks and examined the implementation process in selected EU countries to evaluate the protection mechanism for the health rights of the undocumented migrants.
This thesis aims not to draw any conclusions or propose any solutions. The focus of the thesis is to analyse the theoretical legal standard available for securing the undocumented migrants right to health as well as its practical implementation to address the challenges encountered by undocumented migrants in European countries