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    Kvarken fixed connection - Summary

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    Upplevelser av värdighet och personcentrering i vård och hemvårdsmiljö ur patient- och anhörigperspektiv -en kvalitativ intervjustudie

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    Denna avhandling ingår i projektet Etisk känslighet och medlidande i vården som pågår vid Åbo Akademi. Syftet med studien är att utforska upplevelser av värdighet och personcentrering ur patienters och anhörigas perspektiv i hemvårds- och sjukhusvårdskontext. Deltagarna bestod av tio hemvårdspatienter (varav en även var anhörig) samt två anhöriga, både män och kvinnor, från Svenskfinland. Studien hade en explorativ kvalitativ design. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Analysen syftade till att lyfta fram deltagarnas röster och fokuserade på deras upplevelser av värdighet och personcentrering. Resultatet ger en beskrivning av dessa upplevelser så troget deltagarnas perspektiv som möjligt. Resultatet visar att upplevelsen av värdighet och personcentrering i vården i hög grad formas genom det relationella mötet mellan patient och vårdare, där särskilt äkthet, närvaro och medvetenhet lyfts fram som centrala kvaliteter i interaktionen. Genom kroppsspråk, tonfall och genuin närvaro kan patientens känsla av att vara sedd som en unik individ – och därmed tilliten till vårdrelationen – antingen byggas upp eller undermineras. Vårdarens förhållningssätt spelar en avgörande roll i att möjliggöra en värdig vård, särskilt för patienter i sårbara situationer, där ett stödjande och proaktivt bemötande värderas högt. Ärlighet, respekt, värme, kunskap och lyhördhet identifierades som grundläggande för att skapa trygghet, tillit och personlig betydelse i vårdsituationen. I resultatet synliggörs även hinder som riskerar att undergräva upplevelsen av värdighet och personcentrering. Bland dessa framträder organisatoriska faktorer såsom tidspress, bristande resurser och kontinuitet i vårdrelationen. Dessa är faktorer som begränsar vårdarens möjligheter att agera etiskt och närvarande, vilket i sin tur påverkar patienters och anhörigas upplevelse negativt. Trots detta visar studien att även små förändringar i bemötande och kommunikation kan ha en betydande positiv inverkan på upplevelsen av vården. En viktig aspekt är den roll anhöriga spelar i vårdmötet. Deras upplevelser är nära sammanlänkade med patientens, och påverkar i hög grad hur värdig och personcentrerad vården upplevs. Resultatet understryker betydelsen av ett etiskt och professionellt förhållningssätt som bär vårdens värdegrund. Framtida forskning bör fördjupa förståelsen av värdighet och personcentrering ur anhörigas perspektiv. Även en annan framtida forskningsinriktning kunde vara att undersöka hur nyutexaminerade vårdare uppfattar och tillämpar etisk kompetens i dagens pressade vårdkontext.This thesis is part of the project Ethical Sensitivity and Compassion in Healthcare, which is being conducted at Åbo Akademi University. The aim of the study is to explore experiences of dignity and person-centred care from the perspective of patients and their relatives in home care and hospital care contexts. The participants consisted of ten home care patients (one of whom was also a relative) and two relatives, both men and women, from Swedish-speaking Finland. The study had an exploratory qualitative design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The analysis aimed to highlight the participants' voices and focused on their experiences of dignity and person-centred care. The results provide a description of these experiences as faithfully as possible from the participants' perspective. The results show that the experience of dignity and person-centred care is largely shaped by the relational encounter between patient and caregiver, where authenticity, presence and awareness are highlighted as central qualities in the interaction. Through body language, tone of voice and genuine presence, the patient's sense of being seen as a unique individual – and thus their trust in the care relationship – can either be built up or undermined. The caregiver's approach plays a crucial role in enabling dignified care, especially for patients in vulnerable situations, where a supportive and proactive approach is highly valued. Honesty, respect, warmth, knowledge and responsiveness were identified as fundamental to creating security, trust and personal significance in the care situation. The results also highlight obstacles that risk undermining the experience of dignity and person-centred care. These include organisational factors such as time pressure, lack of resources and continuity in the care relationship. These are factors that limit the caregiver's ability to act ethically and be present, which in turn negatively affects the experience of patients and their relatives. Despite this, the study shows that even small changes in treatment and communication can have a significant positive impact on the experience of care. An important aspect is the role that relatives play in the care encounter. Their experiences are closely linked to those of the patient and greatly influence how dignified and person-centred the care is perceived to be. The results underscore the importance of an ethical and professional approach that supports the core values of healthcare. Future research should deepen the understanding of dignity and person-centred care from the perspective of relatives. Another future research focus could be to investigate how newly qualified nurses perceive and apply ethical competence in today's pressured healthcare context

    Gamification of Micro-Learning : Theoretical Insights and Practical Implementation Using Cultural Knowledge as a Content Study

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    Gamification has become a crucial aspect of modern educational technology, enhancing learning engagement and motivation through game-like elements. In the context of microlearning, which emphasizes short, focused learning sessions, the integration of gamification has shown promising results in improving learner participation and knowledge retention. This thesis investigates the theoretical foundations of gamification and practical applications in microlearning, particularly emphasizing its effectiveness in cultural awareness education. Cultural awareness serves as a test case to examine the broader impact of gamification on learning rather than being the primary focus of the research. This study identifies key gamification elements and their effects on both cognitive and motivational learning aspects by performing a comprehensive literature review and examining current gamified microlearning applications. The primary gamification elements explored include points and rewards, leaderboards, badges, progress tracking, adaptive challenges, and instant feedback. Each of these elements contributes differently to engagement and learning efficacy, with recent studies highlighting their potential to transform passive learning into an interactive experience. However, despite these benefits, current gamified learning solutions exhibit gaps in terms of adaptability, personalization, and sustained user motivation, which this research aims to address. The research highlights the psychological theories underpinning gamification, such as self-determination theory and cognitive load theory, to establish a framework for analyzing its effectiveness in microlearning environments. Recent academic literature, particularly from the last five years, suggests that gamification, when strategically implemented, leads to higher engagement and better learning outcomes compared to traditional digital learning approaches. However, challenges such as over-reliance on extrinsic rewards and the risk of disengagement due to poorly designed gamification mechanics need to be critically assessed. Furthermore, this study will present a comparative analysis of existing microlearning applications that incorporate gamification. These case studies will provide insights into best practices, common pitfalls, and potential areas for improvement. Finally, the research aims to create a prototype application that integrates advanced gamification techniques tailored for microlearning. By addressing the identified gaps, this prototype will demonstrate an innovative approach to enhancing user engagement and knowledge retention. This study advances educational technology by providing a thorough insight into the ways gamification improves microlearning while suggesting innovative approaches for future use. The results are anticipated to assist educators, instructional designers, and developers in crafting more impactful gamified learning experiences that exceed traditional engagement methods, promoting deeper and more significant learning results

    Förmågan att uppfatta tal i buller hos unga vuxna : En jämförelse mellan körsångare och en kontrollgrupp

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    Förmågan att uppfatta tal i buller är nödvändig för en fungerande kommunikation. Tal maskeras i många vardagliga situationer av olika konkurrerande ljud, och då förhållandet mellan talsignalens och bullrets ljudnivå är ogynnsamt för lyssnaren försvåras uppfattningen av budskapet. Unga vuxna har i allmänhet en god förmåga att uppfatta tal i buller. Förmågan försämras från och med medelåldern för att sedan fortsätta avta, också hos individer vars hörsel är på en för åldern typisk nivå. Tidigare forskning tyder på att musiker har en fördel när det gäller att uppfatta tal i buller. Mängden forskning om körsångares talperceptionsförmåga i buller är begränsad, men ett litet antal studier tyder på att körsång under vissa omständigheter kan bidra till liknande fördelar hos äldre individer. Syftet med avhandlingen var att undersöka om det förekommer skillnader i förmåga att uppfatta tal i buller hos unga amatörkörsångare och en kontrollgrupp, mätt enligt prestationer i hörförståelsetest och upprepning av meningar. Därtill undersöktes om deltagarnas prestationer förändras mellan två hörförståelsetest – utan babbel och med babbel – samt mellan meningar uppspelade i två olika lyssningsförhållanden. Studien omfattade 21 deltagare (12 körsångare och 9 kontroller) i åldern 18–35 år. Deltagarnas förmåga att uppfatta tal i buller mättes med två hörförståelsetest med tillhörande flervalsfrågor och med muntlig upprepning av 30 Hearing in Noise Test (HINT)-meningar. Deltagarna lyssnade till inspelat tal i samtidigt kontinuerligt, överlappande babbel. Den ena hörförståelsen spelades upp utan babbel och den andra med babbel i Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) 0 dB, medan meningarna spelades upp i SNR –5 dB respektive SNR –8 dB. Resultaten visar att körsångarna i allmänhet presterade något bättre än kontrollgruppen, men skillnaden var inte statistiskt signifikant i någon av uppgifterna. Prestationerna i hörförståelsen med babbel försämrades inte signifikant i förhållande till hörförståelsen utan babbel för någondera gruppen. Däremot försämrades prestationerna i meningsupprepning signifikant hos båda grupperna vid uppspelning i SNR –8 dB jämfört med uppspelning i SNR –5 dB. Avhandlingens resultat visar inte någon tydlig skillnad i prestation mellan körsångarna och kontrollgruppen. Studiens sampel var litet och deltagarna i studien var unga vuxna, och det är möjligt att det inte förekommer märkbara skillnader inom denna population då talperceptionsförmågan hos unga i allmänhet redan är på sin topp. Framtida forskning kan inkludera olika åldersgrupper och individer med lång erfarenhet av körsång exempelvis för att undersöka om körsång kan fungera som en skyddande faktor för åldersrelaterade nedsättningar i förmågan att uppfatta tal i buller

    Sukututkija siirtolaisten jäljillä

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    Tämä diapohjainen opas esittelee sukututkimukseen liittyviä keskeisiä ja ajantasaisia työkaluja ja tiedon lähteitä, jotka auttavat jäljittämään ja tutkimaan Suomesta ulkomaille 1800- ja 1900-luvuilla muuttaneita henkilöitä. Opas sisältää myös tietoa suomalaisen siirtolaisuuden historiasta, etenkin Pohjois-Amerikkaan suuntautuneesta massamuutosta n. 1870-1930 välisenä ajanjaksona.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest

    Leveraging Open-Source Intelligence to Enhance Fraud Detection with Network Science

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    In an era marked by globalization and digital finance, the veil of offshore secrecy continues to obscure financial flows, challenge legal oversight, and undermine equitable governance. This thesis investigates how Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) can be combined to reveal hidden structures in offshore financial networks, with a focused case study on Finnish actors named in the Panama Papers and related leaks. While offshore entities are not inherently illegal, their systematic use for asset protection, tax avoidance, and regulatory evasion calls for rigorous analytical tools that can work outside the confines of privileged access. Drawing on publicly accessible data from the ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database, Open Corporates, investigative journalism from Yle, and AI-powered semantic search through DeepSeek, the study identifies concealed patterns of behavior and indirect affiliations that traditional fraud detection methods often overlook. The case of Finnish Lawyer X—responsible for the creation of over 170 offshore companies—demonstrates how intermediaries and nominee directors construct legal distance to obscure true ownership and block enforcement efforts. Sociograms and triadic analysis based on Simmel’s Triad Theory expose key configurations of brokerage and mediation within these networks. The temporal pattern of offshore incorporations further reveals strategic timing aligned with changes in Finnish regulatory frameworks, supporting the idea that offshore structures are used reactively in anticipation of legal reform. These findings underscore the value of OSINT and SNA as ethical, scalable, and accessible tools for transparency in the age of financial complexity. This research offers both theoretical advancement and practical implications by addressing underexplored regions like Finland in offshore finance literature, promoting triadic network analysis, and advocating for visual and data-driven methods in forensic financial inquiry

    Substance Misuse : Labelling, Power, and Language

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    Misusing psychoactive substances can create a cycle of problems. Apart from the harmful physical, social, psychological, and economic outcomes relating to substance misuse, the problem of social exclusion may be inevitable. Similarly, another dimension in the cycle of problems concerning the misuse of psychoactive substances is the problems inherent in substance-related treatments. Reports indicate that more than half a billion people globally are suffering from untreated problems due to the misuse of psychoactive substances. Part of the problem is due to a lack of or limited access to quality and ethical treatments for substance misusers. However, another problem is the apathy of substance misusers to treatment-seeking. Thus, to contribute to the multifaceted approaches geared towards breaking the cycle of problems associated with psychoactive substance misuse, this thesis aims to analyse the problem of apathy towards treatment-seeking. In this thesis, my focus is on the problematic use of language and unbalanced power relations of healthcare providers within the client-provider relationships concerning substance misuse treatment as a contributing factor to the problem of social exclusion. My position in this study is that stigmatising language use, reflecting unbalanced power dynamics in the client-provider relationships regarding substance misuse treatments, is a factor in the social exclusion of individuals with substance misuse problems. Thus, the underlying assumption of my analysis is that the stigmatisation and the social exclusion of substance misusers are social constructs that can be reconstructed. Therefore, in this thesis, the social exclusion of individuals with substance-related problems will be analysed within a broader theoretical framework encompassing the capabilities approach theories and social constructionism from the perspective of the labelling theory. This thesis will analyse treatment denial as the social exclusion of individuals with substance problems as a deprivation of their capability to participate fully in the social, political, and economic life of society, using the capabilities approach theories of Sen and Nussbaum. Additionally, this study will analyse what I present as the constructive force of language use in power dynamics concerning healthcare providers in substance treatments with insights from five philosophers of language and power: Wittgenstein, Austin, Butler, Foucault, and Bourdieu. My argument in this study is that if the problems of inappropriate language and the stigmatising attitudes of healthcare providers reflecting unbalanced power dynamics are addressed as a determinant in substance-related treatment apathy, then the negative consequences of substance misuse and the social exclusion related to them may be reduced. Thus, this study focused on the changing perceptions relating to psychoactive substance-related problems as reflected in changes in language and treatments directed at addressing them due to scientific developments relating to the understanding of psychoactive substances, their usage, and their effects on humans

    Optimizing Voyage Profitability : A Comparative Analysis of Just-in-Time and Sail Fast Then Wait Strategies

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    The maritime industry, responsible for over 80% of global trade, faces increasing operational inefficiencies due to port congestion, unpredictable vessel arrivals, and misaligned scheduling practices. This thesis presents the development and evaluation of a web-based decision support tool designed to compare the financial and environmental impacts of two voyage scheduling strategies: Just-in-Time (JIT) arrival and Sail Fast Then Wait (SFTW). By integrating the NAPA Voyage Optimization API, the tool simulates and analyzes voyage scenarios using vessel data, calculating key performance indicators such as fuel cost, carbon emission cost, and demurrage charges. The research conducts a mixed-methods approach, combining simulation modeling with expert interviews and literature synthesis to ensure both technical robustness and practical relevance. Quantitative results from 30 simulation runs, 15 for short-distance and 15 for long-distance voyages, demonstrate that JIT strategies consistently outperform SFTW in short voyages unless delays in port exceed four days. Conversely, long-distance voyages show a strategic preference shift based on demurrage thresholds, with SFTW becoming more favorable when demurrage rates exceed $20,000 or delays extend beyond three days. Additionally, early delay notifications significantly enhance the effectiveness of JIT strategies in long haul routes. The tool’s Δ (Delta) metric, defined as the net cost benefit of each strategy, provides a clear decision-making criterion for stakeholders. This research contributes to the field of maritime logistics by offering a data-driven framework for understanding the economic benefits of JIT arrival strategies. The findings support the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) strategy for smart shipping and offer actionable visions for shipowners, charterers, and port authorities. Future work will explore machine learning integration, fleet-level optimization, and broader geographical applications

    Itä-Suomen yritysrahoitusstrategia, v. 2025

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    Yritysrahoitusstrategia on laadittu käytettäväksi avustushakemusten pohjalta tehtävien päätösten valmistelussa. Sitä käytetään ELY-keskuksissa yrityksen kehittämisavustushakemusten sekä Euroopan maaseudun kehittämisen maatalousrahaston yritystukien arvioinnissa Etelä-Savon, Pohjois-Karjalan sekä Pohjois-Savon maakuntien alueella. Strategian julkistamisella helpotetaan avustuksen hakemista suunnittelevien tahojen työtä sekä parannetaan kansallisen yritystukirahoituksen sekä eri rahastojen yritystukien välistä koordinaatiota Itä-Suomessa. Yritysrahoitusstrategiaa on päivitetty kesäkuussa 2025 kappaleen 9.3 Lähipiirihankinnat osalta

    Tyhjien tilojen mahdollisuudet : Toimintamalli vajaakäyttöisen rakennuskannan uusiokäytön suunnitteluprosessille

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    Työ on osa Etelä-Savon Ely-keskuksen Julkisen rakennuskannan uudet sisällöt- eli Jurakausi-hanketta, jonka tarkoituksena oli muodostaa selkeä ja käytännönläheinen toimintamalli, joka auttaa kuntia tunnistamaan vajaakäyttöiset rakennukset ja löytämään niille uutta käyttöä. Työssä on pilotoitu toimintamallia kolmen esimerkkihankkeen kautta, jotka eroavat toisistaan rakennusaikakauden, koon ja alkuperäisen käyttötarkoituksen osalta. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa yleistettävissä olevaa tietoa laajemmin hyödynnettäväksi myös muualla Suomessa. Selvityksen laati Noon Arkkitehdit keväällä 2025. Selvitys koostuu tästä raportista sekä erillisestä tiekartasta (ISBN 978-952-398-319-9), johon on tiivistetty toimintamallin keskeiset opit

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