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Podjed, Dan, Carla Guerrón Montero (eds.) Why the World Needs Anthropologists (2nd edition), 2025
No full textNarrow and third-octave spectra of total flexural vibration and sound power radiation from optical camera measurements
No full textThis research presents an optical camera-based method for measuring narrow band and third-octave band spectra of the total flexural vibration and total sound radiation of 2D and 3D structures. The proposed method overcomes key issues inherent in classical vibro-acoustic measurements, such as the requirement of long-duration and full-field measurements and, to some extent, the need of physically masking flanking sources and background noise. Digital image correlation combined with frequency-domain triangulation is employed, which is particularly suited for the derivation of spectral measurements, although classical time-domain triangulation could be employed too. The narrow-band vibration and sound radiation spectra are derived from integral formulations. In particular, the total sound power radiation is derived using the radiation resistance matrix, which can be calculated from numerical quadrature of the boundary integral for the sound radiation. The third-octave band spectra are computed by integration of the narrow band spectra over appropriate frequency-bands. The proposed method is validated for a baffled cylinder model-structure by contrasting the narrow band and third-octave band spectra of the total flexural vibration and total sound power radiation estimated from camera recordings with those obtained from direct measurements taken with a scanning laser vibrometer and a microphones array. The proposed approach offers a valid alternative to traditional vibroacoustic measurements, which does not require expensive laboratory facilities and long lasting and costly measurement campaigns. Furthermore, it can be effectively integrated into laboratory equipment for the offline synthesis and measurement of specific vibroacoustic fields, thus reducing the costs and time of conventional tests on real systems, such as the measurement of a) car tire noise, b) airplane cabin noise caused by the aerodynamic turbulence and the engines, c) room airborne and structure-borne noise produced by household appliances, and d) interior noise transmission through windows and partitions of building
A Personalized, Network-Based FDG-PET Classification Algorithmic Framework for Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Development and Validation
No full textRazvili in validirali smo prilagodljivo algoritemsko okolje na osnovi strojnega učenja, ki omogoča personalizirano diferencialno diagnostiko nevrodegenerativnih bolezni glede na konkretno klinično vprašanje. Razlikovanje nevrodegenerativnih bolezni, ki se kažejo s kognitivnim upadom ali motnjami gibanja, zlasti v zgodnjih fazah, ostaja velik klinični izziv. Slikanje z 18F-FDG PET sicer pomembno izboljša diagnostično natančnost, vendar zahteva visoko usposobljene specialiste za pravilno interpretacijo slik. Za razliko od predhodnih pristopov, ki obravnavajo vnaprej določene diagnostične primerjave (npr. Parkinsonova bolezen proti multipli sistemski atrofiji), se razvito algoritemsko okolje dinamično prilagaja specifičnemu kliničnemu vprašanju in sestavi podatkov, kar omogoča bolj prilagojen pristop za posameznega bolnika. Pri razvoju smo uporabili podatkovno bazo 18F-FDG PET slik bolnikov Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Ljubljana v katero so vključeni bolniki z različnimi nevrodegenerativnimi boleznimi, vključno z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo (AB), vedenjsko različico frontotemporalne demence (bvFTD), demenco z Lewyjevimi telesci (DLB), Creutzfeldt-Jakobovo boleznijo (CJD), Parkinsonovo boleznijo (PB), multiplo sistemsko atrofijo (MSA), progresivno supranuklearno paralizo (PSP), kortikobazalno degeneracijo (CBD) ter zdravimi kontrolami. Vsak primer je bil opisan z vrednostmi izraženosti različnih za bolezen specifičnih metaboličnih vzorcev (npr. ADRP, FTDRP, PDRP, MSARP, PSPRP). Algoritemsko okolje vključuje več klasifikacijskih pristopov strojnega učenja, med drugim logistično regresijo, metodo podpornih vektorjev in naivni Bayes. Učinkovitost posameznih modelov smo ovrednotili z navzkrižno validacijo z izključitvijo enega primera ter z uporabo metrik, kot so površina pod krivuljo ROC (AUC), občutljivost in specifičnost. Cilj naloge ni bil doseganje maksimalne diagnostične točnosti posameznega modela, temveč razvoj kontekstno občutljivega diagnostičnega okvira, ki prepoznava tudi negotovost in stabilnost napovedi v različnih kliničnih situacijah.We developed and validated an adaptive machine-learning–based algorithmic framework that enables personalized differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases according to specific clinical questions. Differentiating neurodegenerative disorders presenting with cognitive decline or movement disorders, particularly in their early stages, remains a major clinical challenge. While 18F-FDG PET imaging substantially improves diagnostic accuracy, it requires highly trained specialists for accurate image interpretation. In contrast to previous approaches that address predefined diagnostic comparisons (e.g., Parkinson’s disease versus multiple system atrophy), the proposed algorithmic framework dynamically adapts to the specific clinical question and the composition of the available data, allowing for a more individualized diagnostic approach for each patient. For model development, we used a database of 18F-FDG PET brain images from patients with different neurodegenerative disorders examined at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, including individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), as well as healthy controls. Each case was characterized using the expression of different disease-specific metabolic patterns (e.g., ADRP, FTDRP, PDRP, MSARP, PSPRP). The algorithmic framework incorporates multiple machine-learning classifiers, including logistic regression, support vector machines, and naïve Bayes. Model performance was evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation and assessed with standard metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. The primary goal of this study was not to achieve maximal diagnostic accuracy of individual models, but rather to develop a context sensitive diagnostic framework that also accounts for uncertainty and prediction stability across different clinical scenarios
Najnovejša slovenska literatura v Italiji in njen sodobni družbeni kontekst
No full textCilj prispevka je umestiti najnovejše literarne pojave Slovencev v Italiji v širši družbeni kontekst in raziskati literarne odzive na spreminjajoče se sodobne socialne preobrazbe v zamejstvu. Članek povezuje ugotovitve najnovejših znanstvenih prispevkov s sociološkega in jezikovnega področja z analizo nekaterih literarnih pojavov najmlajših pripadnikov slovenske narodne skupnosti v Italiji. Analiza se osredotoča predvsem na izbiro tematik in vsebinskih težišč izbranih avtorjev.This article places the latest literary works of Slovenians in Italy in a wider social context and investigates literary responses to changing contemporary social phenomena abroad. The article connects the findings of the latest research in sociology and linguistics with an analysis of some literary phenomena of the youngest members of the Slovenian community in Italy. The analysis primarily focuses on the choice of topics and content among the selected authors
Družbeno-kurikularne spremembe srednješolskega pouka književnosti od usmerjenega izobraževanja do sodobnosti in obravnave Tavčarjevega dela v vsakokratnih okoliščinah
No full textV članku skiciram poglavitne družbenopolitično pogojene šolske reforme od usmerjenega izobraževanja dalje in njihovo zrcaljenje v učnih načrtih in učbenikih oz. berilih za pouk književnosti v srednji šoli oz. gimnaziji. Cilji šolskih reform so vsakokrat deklarativno zapisani v splošnih vzgojnih ciljih za pouk slovenščine, pri obravnavah književnosti v učbenikih pa so zlasti po usmerjenem izobraževanju zaznavni posredno.This article outlines the main socio-politically conditioned school reforms from the introduction of career-oriented education onward and their reflection in the curricula, textbooks, and readers for teaching literature in vocational and college-preparatory high schools. The school reforms’ goals are explicitly stated in the individual general educational aims and objectives of literature instruction, whereas in the coverage of literature in textbooks they can be perceived indirectly, especially after the introduction of career-oriented education
Integration of performance management systems and risk management systems
No full textPrispevek izpostavlja pomembnost združevanja in povezovanja sistemov za obvladovanje uspešnosti in sistemov za obvladovanje tveganj. V praksi se je tovrstna integracija izkazala kot zelo zaželena z vidika poslovne uspešnosti. V članku zato predstavljamo okvir obvladovanja uspešnosti in obvladovanja tveganj ter primere dobrih praks njunega združevanja. Obstoječo literaturo nadgrajujemo s teoretskim modelom, ki povezuje obe področji, ima večplastno uporabnost in temelji na ugotovitvi, da lahko obvladovanje uspešnosti povezujemo z obvladovanjem tveganj prek treh ravni: kontinuiranosti, celovitosti in dolgoročne orientiranosti. Raziskovalna uporabnost modela se izkazuje pri teoretskem prikazu stičnih točk, prav tako pa ima model uporabno vlogo pri organizaciji poslovnih procesov. Ugotavljamo tudi, da je mogoče pri obvladovanju uspešnosti in obvladovanju tveganj uporabljati nekatera skupna izhodišča kot podlago za njuno izvajanje
Slovenian political dynamics during the dictatorship of King Aleksandar Karađorđević and their impact on Croatia
No full textU članku se analiziraju stavovi triju glavnih slovenskih političkih struja – katoličkih narodnjaka, liberala i komunista – nakon što je kralj Aleksandar Karađorđević uveo diktaturu u siječnju 1929. godine pa sve do njegova ubojstva 1934. godine. Identi¬ficiraju se ključne točke i razlike u političkim programima, posebice u pogledima na unutarnje državno uređenje Kraljevine SHS / Jugoslavije, njezin međunarodni položaj te posebnosti političkih strategija u ostvarivanju vlastitih političkih ciljeva. Unatoč prvotnim pozitivnim reakcijama, novi državni režim brzo je doživio kritiku najveće slovenske političke opcije, Slovenske narodne stranke. Nezadovoljstvo je kulminiralo u obliku Ljubljanskih punktacija, čiji je temeljni zahtjev bio sjedinjenje Slovenaca u Jugoslaviji u jednu političku cjelinu koja bi privukla i ostale Slovence u susjednim državama. Ova je kritika vlasti iz vizure Beograda predstavljala opasnost za destabilizaciju zapadnog dijela zemlje i narušavanje odnosa s Italijom i Austrijom. Katoličke narodnjake u vladi zamijenili su slovenski liberali, koji su u tom potezu vidjeli potencijal za preuzimanje primata na slovenskim područjima. Međutim, prosječan slovenski stanovnik nije bio sklon ideji jedinstvene jugoslavenske nacije. Slovenski komunisti, suprotno liberalima, shvaćali su da je nacionalno pitanje snažno prisutno u slovenskom puku. Stoga je njihova politička taktika bila temeljena na kritici velikosrpstva i promociji ideje prava na samoodređenje slovenskog naroda. Ipak, sa strateškog gledišta, tu su taktiku uklopili u plan „dragovoljne jugoslavenske federacije“, pokušavajući sjediniti ideju suverenosti pojedinih južnoslavenskih naroda i jugoslavenskog geopolitičkog konstrukta. Takva je situacija među Slovencima relativno povoljno utjecala na položaj Hrvata u nastojanjima uređivanja vlastitog statusa u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji.The article analyzes the perspectives of the three main Slovenian political factions - the Catholic populists, liberals, and communists - during the period following King Aleksandar Karađorđević’s imposition of dictatorship in January 1929 until his assassination in 1934. It identifies key points of divergence in their political agendas, particularly regarding the internal governance of the Kingdom of SCS/Yugoslavia, its international position, and the distinctive political strate- gies employed to achieve their respective goals. Despite initial positive reactions, the new state regime quickly faced criticism from the largest Slovenian political faction, the Slovenian People’s Party. This dissatisfaction culminated in the form of the Ljubljana Points, which primarily demanded the unification of Slovenians within Yugoslavia into a single political entity capable of attracting Slovenians from neighboring countries. From the Belgrade perspective, this criticism was seen as a potential threat to the stability of the western regions of the country and to relations with Italy and Austria. Slovenian liberals replaced the Catholic People’s Party in the government, viewing this as an opportunity to assert political primacy in Slovenian regions. However, the average Slovenian was not inclined to support the idea of a unified Yugoslav nation. In contrast, Slovenian communists recognized the strong resonance of the national question among the Slovenian population. Their political tactics included criticizing Greater Serbian ideology and advocating for the right to self-determination for the Slovenian people. From a strategic perspective, the communists integrated this approach into their broader vision of a ‘voluntary Yugoslav federation,’ seeking to reconcile the sovereignty of individual South Slavic nations with the Yugoslav geopolitical framework. This dynamic within Slovenian politics had a relatively positive influence on the position of Croats, bolstering their efforts to redefine their status within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Rokopis najstarejšega doktorata v slovenščini
No full textV prispevku predstavljamo rokopis disertacije Razvoj pesniškega slovstva pri Slovencih Lovra Požarja iz leta 1881. Gre za prvo disertacijo slovenskega kandidata, ki je bila napisana v slovenskem jeziku. Pojasnjujemo okoliščine nastanka in predstavljamo nekaj najbolj zanimivih delov. Uvodoma predstavimo tudi okoli 90 ohranjenih rokopisov doktorskih disertacij slovenskih kandidatov na filozofskih fakultetah na Dunaju, v Gradcu in Pragi v obdobju od leta 1872 do 1918.The paper examines the manuscript of Lovro Požar\u27s 1881 doctoral dissertation, The Development of Poetic Language among Slovenes, the first dissertation to have been written in Slovene. An account of its genesis is accompanied by the presentation of its most interesting passages. The introduction surveys roughly 90 extant doctoral dissertation manuscripts which were submitted by Slovene candidates at the Faculties of Arts in Vienna, Graz and Prague between 1872 and 1918
Further education course of court and public service interpreters at the University of Ljubljana
No full textČlanek ponuja kratek pregled projektov, ki so skupaj s prenosom direktive 2010/64 privedli do akre-ditacije Strokovnega izpopolnjevanja tolmačev za sodišča in urade v letu 2018. Izpopolnjevanje obsega 150 kontaktih ur ter se posveča trem vsebinskim sklopom: osnovam kazenskega, civilnega in upravnega pravaprevajanju pravnih besedil ob uporabi sodobnih tehnologij ter tolmačenju, predvsem dialoškemu, konsekutivnemu in na pogled. Izpopolnjevanja se je do sedaj v štirih izvedbah udeležilo 70 udeležencev s 15 različnimi jeziki, uspešno pa ga je zaključilo 60 udeležencev s 13 jeziki. Program prispeva k dvigu kakovosti sodnega tolmačenja v Sloveniji ter k zagotavljanju spoštovanja pravice vsakega posameznika do prevajanja in tolmačenja v različnih postopkih.This article provides a brief overview of the projects which, together with the transposition of Directive 2010/64, led to the establishment of the Further Education Course for Court and Public Service Interpre-ters at the University of Ljubljana in 2018. The training comprises 150 contact hours and focuses on three areas: the basics of criminal, civil and administrative lawthe translation of legal texts using modern tech-nologiesand interpreting, in particular dialogue, consecutive interpreting and sight translation. So far, 70 participants with 15 different languages have attended the training in four sessions, and 60 participants with 13 languages have successfully completed it. The programme contributes to improving the quality of court interpreting in Slovenia and to ensuring that everyone’s right to translation and interpretation is respected in various proceedings
Editorial
No full textOsrednji cilj kognitivne znanosti je razumevanje uma in duševnih procesov – kako zaznavamo, doživljamo, mislimo, si zapomnimo, čustvujemo, se sporazumevamo. Gre za izrazito interdisciplinarno področje, ki povezuje nevroznanost, psihologijo, filozofijo, umetno inteligenco, antropologijo, jezikoslovje in tudi prvoosebno raziskovanje doživljanja. Toda prav ta raznolikost – ki daje kognitivni znanosti njeno moč in širino – je hkrati njen temeljni izziv. Ena od poglavitnih nalog kognitivne znanosti je ravno premoščanje vrzeli med perspektivami, ravnmi ter različnimi disciplinarnimi pristopi k raziskovanju in razumevanju uma. Na primer, v kognitivni znanosti nas ne zanima le, kaj se dogaja v možganih in kako doživljamo, ampak predvsem, kako povezati ti dve perspektivi na preučevani pojav. Nadalje je bistvenega pomena, kako te pojave razumeti – kako jih umestiti v širše teoretske in filozofske okvire. Poleg tega se v kognitivni znanosti pogosto srečujemo z vprašanji, ki so osebna, eksistencialna: kaj te ugotovitve pomenijo za naše razumevanje nas samih kot čutečih, mislečih bitij in kako te ugotovitve povezati z našimi vsakdanjimi življenji? V kognitivni znanosti namreč poskušamo razumeti nekaj, s čimer smo intimno povezani – lastno duševnost. Uvodnik v posebno številko revije Ars & Humanitas, Na robu razumevanja: pogovor o vrzelih v kognitivni znanosti, je zato zapisan v obliki pogovora med kognitivnima znanstvenikoma: filozofom in kognitivno nevroznanstvenico.The central goal of cognitive science is to understand the mind and mental processes, such as perception, experience, thought, memory, emotion, and communication. Cognitive science is a distinctly interdisciplinary field that connects neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, anthropology, linguistics, and first-person research on experience. However, this diversity, which gives cognitive science its richness and breadth, is also its core challenge. One of cognitive science’s main tasks is to bridge the gaps between different perspectives, levels of explanation, and disciplinary approaches to studying and understanding the mind. For example, cognitive scientists are interested not only in what happens in the brain or in subjective experience but also in how to connect these two perspectives. Understanding these phenomena within broader theoretical and philosophical frameworks is also essential. Furthermore, cognitive science often addresses deeply personal and existential questions: What do these findings mean for our understanding of ourselves as sentient, thinking beings, and how do they relate to our everyday lives? After all, cognitive science seeks to understand our own mental life, which we intimately know, experience and live. This editorial for the special issue of Ars & Humanitas, titled At the Edge of Understanding: A Dialogue on Gaps in Cognitive Science, presents a conversation between two cognitive scientists: a philosopher and a cognitive neuroscientist