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V iskanju zaveznikov
No full textThe world is more dominated than ever by a destructive logic of self-assertion (Selbstbehauptung) at the expense of global solidarity. Can Chinese philosophy offer an alternative? If philosophy is needed today, then it is a philosophy which is able to break through that logic, instead of itself falling victim to or even supporting it. However, the latter is the case if a philosophy understands itself as an expression of a specific cultural identity as distinct from others, as for example in today’s China. Even what is currently being discussed under the term “global philosophy” is influenced by that logic, insofar as it presents itself as a panopticon of juxtaposed worldviews that rest in themselves and not as something that points beyond them. However, only by critiquing “its own” (das Eigene), and not by affirming it, can philosophy be truly global and develop alternatives to self-assertion. This corresponds to its origins, be it in Greece or China, as globality is originally inherent in philosophy, inasmuch as it emerges as a criticism of the given culture due to a crisis of its tradition that made human existence problematic. It is just that it has repeatedly fallen behind. Recalling philosophy’s origin might help to revive its culture-critical, culture-transcending core and enable it to join forces with its likes against the powers that are plunging the world into disaster.Svet je vedno bolj pod vplivom destruktivne logike samopotrjevanja (Selbstbehauptung) na račun globalne solidarnosti. Ali lahko kitajska filozofija ponudi alternativo? Če je filozofija danes potrebna, potem je to filozofija, ki je sposobna prekiniti in preseči logiko samopotrjevanja, ne pa da sama postane njena žrtev ali jo celo podpira. Zadnje velja, ko se filozofija vidi kot izraz specifične kulturne identitete, ki se razlikuje od drugih, kot na primer v današnji Kitajski. Tudi to, kar se trenutno razpravlja pod pojmom »globalna filozofija«, je pod vplivom te logike, če se predstavlja kot panoptikon različnih svetovnih nazorov, ki ostajajo sami v sebi, in ne kot nekaj, kar kaže onkraj njih. Toda filozofija lahko postane resnično globalna in razvije alternative v odnosu do samopotrditve le s kritiko »svojega« (das Eigene), in ne z njegovim potrjevanjem. To je v skladu z njenim izvorom, bodisi v Grčiji bodisi na Kitajskem, saj je globalnost v osnovi neločljivo pov-ezana s filozofijo, če le-ta izhaja iz kritike dane kulture zaradi krize njene tradicije, ki je problematizirala človeško bivanje. Gre samo za to, da je vedno znova zaostajala. Pomn-jenje samega izvora filozofije bi lahko pomagalo ponovno oživiti njeno kulturno-kritično in kulturo presegajoče bistvo ter ji omogočilo, da se združi s podobnimi silami proti močem, ki svet potiskajo v katastrofo
CANUCS/Technicolor data release 1: imaging, photometry, slit spectroscopy, and stellar population parameters
No full textWe present the first data release of the Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS), a JWST Cycle 1 GTO program targeting five lensing clusters and flanking fields in parallel (A370, MACS0416, MACS0417, MACS1149, and MACS1423survey area ∼100 arcmin), with NIRCam imaging, NIRISS slitless spectroscopy, and NIRSpec prism multiobject spectroscopy. Fields centered on cluster cores include imaging in eight bands from 0.9–4.4 μm, alongside continuous NIRISS coverage from 1.15–2 μm, while the NIRCam flanking fields provide five wide-band and nine medium-band filters for exceptional spectral sampling, all to ∼29 mag. We also present JWST in Technicolor, a Cycle 2 follow-up GO program targeting three CANUCS clusters (A370, MACS0416, and MACS1149). The Technicolor program adds NIRISS slitless spectroscopy in F090W to the cluster fields while adding eight wide-, medium-, and narrowband filters to the flanking fields. This provides NIRCam imaging in all wide- and medium-band filters over ∼30 arcmin. This paper describes our data reduction and photometry methodology. We release NIRCam, NIRISS, and Hubble Space Telescope imaging, point-spread functions (PSFs), PSF-matched imaging, photometric catalogs, and photometric and spectroscopic redshifts. We provide lens models and stellar population parameters in up to 19 filters for ∼53,000 galaxies in the cluster fields, and ∼44,000 galaxies in up to 29 filters in the flanking fields. We further present 733 NIRSpec spectra and redshift measurements up to z = 10.8. Comparing against our photometric redshifts, we find catastrophic outlier rates of only 4%–7% and scatter of of 0.01–0.03
The role of quotations in studying modern Polish history and culture: a description of an elective course for foreign students as part of a Polish studies programme
No full textČlanek predstavlja vlogo zbirke citatov, gesel, sloganov, izbranih iz široko razumljene kulture za ponazoritev zgodovinskega, političnega in moralnega konteksta. Opis se nanaša na polonistični izbirni predmet Poljski jezik in sodobna kultura. Jezikovno gradivo je bilo uporabljeno za ilustracijo prelomnih trenutkov v novejši zgodovini Poljske v letih 1944–1989. Namen predmeta je posredovanje kulturnega in jezikovnega znanja slušateljem z interdisciplinarno uporabo informacij iz zgodovine, kulturne zgodovine (kina, popularne glasbe, mode), književnosti ter stilistike in frazeologije. Metodologija formalne kategorizacije predstavljenih izrazov in fraz temelji na raziskavah Grażyne Zarzycke o funkcijah krilatic v poučevanju poljščine kot tujega jezika.The article discusses selected quotations, catchphrases, and slogans belonging to a broadly defined culture and their role in presenting the wider historical, political, and social context. The description concerns an elective course that is part of a Polish programme, titled “Język Polski a kultura współczesna” (The Polish language and modern culture). The linguistic material was used to illustrate watershed moments in the history of Poland between 1944 and 1989. The goal of the course is to teach the participants about culture and language in a more accessible way through an interdisciplinary approach which combines issues related to general history, the history of culture (motion pictures, popular music, fashion), literature, and stylistics and phraseology. The taxonomy of the expressions discussed is based on Grażyna Zarzycka’s studies on the function of winged words in teaching Polish
Spominjanje in spol
No full textV članku avtorici analizirata muzejske in osnovnošolskoučbeniške reprezentacije druge svetovne vojne v Sloveniji ter preučujeta, kako ti prek posredovanja narativov o spolu proizvajajo specifične spolno zame-jene spomine. Na podlagi kritične multimodalne analize sedmih muzejskih razstav in petih osnovnošolskih učbenikov za zgodovino avtorici ugotavljata, da je proizveden kulturni spomin prepoznan kot pomemben akter grajenja ideologij spola. Avtorici ugotavljata še, da se v učbenikih in muzejih še zmeraj pojavljajo patriarhalno in androcentrično zamejene reprezentacije žensk. Članek identificira vrsto analitičnih para-metrov, ki kažejo na uspoljenost kulturnega spominaavtorici z njimi pokažeta na mizoginost reprezentacij žensk v učbenikih in muzejihNel presente articolo le autrici analizzano le rappresentazioni della Seconda Guerra Mondiale in Slovenia nei musei e nei libri di testo delle scuole elementari, esaminando come queste producano memorie specifi-camente legate al genere attraverso delle narrazioni di genere. Sulla base di un\u27analisi critica multimodale di sette mostre museali e di cinque libri di testo di storia per la scuola primaria, l\u27articolo giunge alla conclusione che la memoria culturale prodotta è identificata come un attore importante nella costruzione delle ideologie di genere. Le autrici evidenziano come nei libri di testo e nei musei siano ancora presenti rappresentazioni patriarcali e androcentriche delle donne. L\u27articolo identifica una serie di parametri analitici che dimostrano la natura di genere della memoria culturale, attraverso i quali le autrici dimostrano il carattere misogino delle rappresentazioni delle donne nei libri di testo e nei musei.The article examines the role of gender as a category of collective memory, or more specifically, how museum and primary school textbook representations of World War II in Slovenia represent and construct gender, gendered subjects, and gendered communities. Authors are interested in how textbooks and mu-seums produce specific flows of history and memory, through the mediation of gendered narratives and the use of non-neutral textual practices. They ascertain that even today, patriarchal and androcentric representations of women continue to leave a significant imprint on the socio-cultural organisation of communities. Authors employ fundamental theoretical concepts of cultural memory, ideology, habitus, power, and knowledge in order to address the gap within academic discourse concerning the study of the gendered dimensions of collective memory. Based on a critical multimodal analysis of seven museum exhi-bitions and five primary school history textbooks, the article concludes that the produced cultural memory is recognised as a significant agent in the construction of gender ideologies and gendered habitus. The article identifies seven analytical parameters that point to the gendered nature of memory – representations of professions and leisure activities, the use of quotations, anonymity, photographic approaches, the flow of the narrative, and placement on the continuum between heroism and suffering – through which authors demonstrate that museum and textbook representations of women in representations of the Second World War remain profoundly misogynisti
Development of an approach to inhibit Ninjurin-1 using antisense oligonucleotides
No full textNinjurin-1 (NINJ-1) je protein, ki ima v procesu litične celične smrti pomembno vlogo pri poškodbi plazmaleme, pri čemer se iz poškodovanih celic sprostijo s poškodbo povezane molekule (angl. damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMP), ki sprožijo proces vnetja. Zapleti se lahko pojavijo pri bolnikih s kroničnimi vnetnimi boleznimi, pri katerih sproščanje vnetnih molekul DAMP kot posledica uničenja plazmaleme z NINJ-1 prispeva k napredovanju vnetnih bolezni. V nalogi smo želeli razviti nov pristop za zaviranje delovanja NINJ-1. Odločili smo se za uporabo metode protismernih oligonukleotidov (angl. antisense oligonucleotides, ASO), saj z njo dosežemo natančno in specifično tarčno delovanje in se je že izkazala kot varna in učinkovita metoda. V magistrskem delu smo testirali delovanje različnih ASO na zaviranje izražanja NINJ-1 in razvijali različne sisteme, s katerimi bi lahko delovanje ASO ovrednotili. S testom živosti s propidijevim jodidom smo dokazali, da prekomerno izražanje NINJ-1 sproži celično smrt v celični liniji HEK293T. Delovanje petih različnih ASO smo preizkusili z dvema različnima pristopoma – najprej smo razvili sistem z luciferaznim reporterjem, nato pa še sistem, ki temelji na določanju deleža celične smrti s propidijevim jodidom. Preizkušeni ASO niso znižali izražanja NINJ-1. V sklopu naloge smo razvijali še tri dodatne pristope za vrednotenje delovanja protismernih oligonuklotidov na izražanje NINJ-1. Ugotovili smo, da posrednih učinkov ASO na izražanje NINJ-1 ne moremo spremljati na podlagi aktivacije z vnetjem povezanih promotorjev, ki se odzivajo na vnetne dejavnike, medtem ko lahko spremembe v izražanju NINJ-1 posredno spremljamo preko vnetnih citokinov, ki jih izločajo imunske celice, ki so v stiku s celicami, ki izražajo NINJ-1.Ninjurin-1 (NINJ-1) is a protein that plays an important role in plasma membrane rupture during lytic cell death, during which DAMP (damage-associated molecular patterns) molecules are released from damaged cells and trigger the inflammatory process. In patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, complications may arise due to the release of inflammatory DAMP molecules resulting from plasma membrane disruption by NINJ-1, which may contribute to the progression of inflammatory diseases. In this thesis, we aimed to develop a novel approach to inhibit NINJ-1 activity. We used antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), as they enable precise and specific targeting and have also beenproven to be a safe and effective approach for regulation of gene expression. In the master’s thesis, we tested the effect of different ASO on the expression of NINJ-1 and developed various systems to evaluate ASO activity. Using the propidium iodide viability assay, we demonstrated that NINJ-1 overexpression triggers cell death in the HEK293T cell line. The activity of five different ASOs was tested using two approaches – first, we developed a luciferase reporter system, and second, we used a system based on the quantification of cell death with propidium iodide. The tested ASOs did not reduce NINJ-1 expression. In scope of this project, we also developed three additional approaches for indirect evaluation of ASO activity. While the indirect effects of ASOs on NINJ-1 expression cannot be monitored through the activation of inflammation-responsive promoters changes in NINJ-1 expression can be indirectly assessed via inflammatory cytokines secreted by immune cells that come into contact with NINJ-1-expressing cells
Antioxidant activity of soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) cultivars
No full textV magistrskem delu smo raziskali antioksidativno (AOX) delovanje izvlečkov soje (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) s poudarkom na vplivu ekstrakcijskih metod in genotipskih razlik. AOX aktivnost smo ovrednotili s spektrofotometričnim DPPH• testom (kinetika reakcije), TLC-DPPH• metodo s semi-kvantitativno oceno (CI-AA indeks) ter HPLC-DAD-MSⁿ za identifikacijo in kvantifikacijo fenolnih spojin. Statistične analize (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, regresija) so omogočile primerjavo med 16 ekstrakcijskimi metodami in 10 sortami soje. Rezultati so pokazali, da polarnejša topila omogočajo večji izplen fenolov, a ne nujno večjo AOX aktivnosti. Sukcesivne ekstrakcije so potrdile, da odstranitev lipofilnih komponent delno prispeva k izboljšani AOX aktivnosti. Soxhletova ekstrakcija je dosegla najboljše rezultate v polarnih in nepolarnih sistemih, vendar je spremenila kemični profil izvlečkov. Izvlečki, pridobljeni z agitacijo na magnetnem mešalu, so razkrili, da lipofilni AOX (tokoferoli, karotenoidi) in amfifilne molekule pri metodah s polarnimi topili ostanejo podcenjeni. Sorte so pokazale manjše razlikeizstopala je sorta \u27Smuglyanka\u27, ki je bila po kinetiki reakcije primerljiva z α-tokoferolom (0,1 mM), po učinkovitosti inhibicije DPPH• pa s troloksom (0,1 mM). Korelacijska analiza je pokazala najmočnejšo povezavo med AOX aktivnostjo in glikozidi (r² = 0,88), zmerno pri skupnih fenolih (r² = 0,59), pri metodah ekstrakcije pa podobno za fenole in glikozide (r² ≈ 0,64) ter šibko pri aglikonih (r² = 0,28). Ugotovitve kažejo, da so glikozidi ključni nosilci AOX aktivnosti v polarnem analitskem okolju in da izbira ekstrakcijske metode ter genotipa odločilno vpliva na AOX delovanje izvlečkov soje.In this Master’s thesis, we investigated the antioxidant (AOX) activity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) extracts, with emphasis on the influence of extraction methods and genotypic differences. AOX activity was assessed using the spectrophotometric DPPH• assay (reaction kinetics), the TLC-DPPH• method with semi-quantitative evaluation (CI-AA index), and HPLC-DAD-MSⁿ for the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, regression) enabled comparisons between 16 extraction methods and 10 soybean varieties. The results showed that more polar solvents allowed for a higher yield of phenolic compounds but not necessarily higher AOX activity. Successive extractions confirmed that the removal of lipophilic compounds partly enhances AOX activity. Soxhlet extraction achieved the best results in both polar and nonpolar systems but altered the chemical profile of the extracts. Extracts obtained by magnetic stirring revealed that lipophilic AOX (tocopherols, carotenoids) and amphiphilic molecules remain underestimated in methods with polar solvents. The varieties showed moderate differences\u27Smuglyanka\u27 stood out, being kinetically comparable to α-tocopherol (0.1 mM) and, in terms of DPPH• inhibition efficiency, to Trolox (0.1 mM). Correlation analysis showed the strongest relationship between AOX activity and glycosides (r² = 0.88), a moderate one with total phenolics (r² = 0.59), and for extraction methods, similar correlations for phenolics and glycosides (r² ≈ 0.64) but weak for aglycones (r² = 0.28). The findings indicate that glycosides are the key carriers of AOX activity in polar analytical environments and that the choice of extraction method and genotype critically determines AOX activity of soybean extracts
Verification of the method for detection of minimal measurable disease by next generation sequencing in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation
No full textPri približno eni tretjini bolnikov z akutno mieloblastno levkemijo (AML) se pojavi mutacija v genu FLT3. Najpogostejša mutacija v FLT3 je notranja tandemska podvojitev (ITD), ki se pojavlja v eksonih 14 in 15 v področju gena, ki kodira jukstamembransko domeno FLT3. Med bolniki se ITD razlikujejo po dolžini in mestu vstavitve. Določitev prisotnosti mutacije FLT3-ITD z molekularnimi testi je ob diagnozi AML ključna za ustrezno izbiro zdravljenja. Priporočljiva je zgodnejša vključitev zaviralcev FLT3, ki delujejo tarčno. V terapiji se lahko uporabijo samostojno ali v kombinaciji s kemoterapijo. Zdravljenje je razdeljeno na indukcijsko, konsolidacijsko in vzdrževalno terapijo.
Merljivi preostanek bolezni (MRD) služi kot biološki označevalec učinkovitosti zdravljenja. Opredeljen je kot količina preostalih levkemičnih celic po zdravljenju in je ključen podatek za spremljanje poteka bolezni. Omogoča zgodnjo oceno statusa remisije kot tudi verjetnost ponovitve bolezni, pripomore pa tudi pri odločitvah glede terapije. FLT3-ITD dolgo ni veljal za zanesljiv označevalec za spremljanje MRD, predvsem zaradi velike raznolikosti ITD med bolniki in nestabilnosti mutacije glede na potek bolezen. Zaradi napredka v sekvenciranju je postala molekularna zaznava FLT3-ITD MRD mogoča. Cilj magistrske naloge je bil vpeljava in overitev testa za spremljanje MRD, ki temelji na sekvenciranju naslednje generacije (NGS). Trenutno test spada med nove in raziskovalne metode za spremljanje MRD pri bolnikih s FLT3-ITD. Za overitev metode smo analizirali vzorce mednarodnih kontrol UK NEQAS in vzorce bolnikov. Z vpeljano metodo smo dobili primerljive rezultate za vzorce mednarodnih kontrol z rezultati vključenih mednarodnih laboratorijev. S tem smo potrdili točnost vpeljane metode. Izvedli smo tudi ponovljivost metode znotraj serije in med serijami. Ugotovili smo, da je metoda dovolj natančna, občutljiva in specifična, kar predstavlja pomemben napredek za spremljanje bolnikov z AML. Vse bolj občutljive metode so ključne za odkrivanje MRD pri nižjih mejnih vrednostih in za izboljšavo odločitev o zdravljenju. Prednost testa, ki je kombinacija PCR in NGS-a, je tudi relativno hitro pridobivanje podatkov ter njihovo učinkovito analiziranje s pomočjo programske opreme. Vendar pa je metoda povezana z relativno visokimi stroški analize. Z vpeljavo metode za spremljanje MRD v klinično prakso se bo bistveno izboljšala klinična obravnava pacientov z AML in FLT3-ITD, predvsem tistih, ki nimajo različic v NPM1, kjer je FLT3-ITD edini razpoložljivi označevalec za določanje MRD.Approximately one-third of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a mutation in the FLT3 gene. The most common mutation in FLT3 is an internal tandem duplication (ITD), which occurs in exons 14 and 15, encoding the juxtamembrane domain of the FLT3. The ITD varies between patients in length and location of insertion. Determining the presence of the FLT3-ITD variant at the time of diagnosis of AML by molecular testing is crucial for appropriate treatment selection. Early incorporation of targeted FLT3 inhibitors is highly recommended. They can be used in therapy as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. Treatment is divided into induction, consolidation and maintenance therapy.
Measurable residual disease (MRD) serves as a biological marker of treatment efficacy. It is defined as the amount of leukemic cells remaining after treatment and it is also a key piece of information for disease monitoring. It allows for early assessment of remission status as well as the likelihood of disease recurrence, and also assists in therapy decisions. FLT3-ITD has long been considered an unreliable marker for MRD monitoring, mainly due to the high diversity of ITDs among patients and the instability of the mutation throughout the progression of the disease. Advances in sequencing have made molecular detection of FLT3-ITD MRD possible. The aim of the master\u27s thesis was to introduce and verify a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based test for MRD monitoring. Currently, the test is among the new and investigational methods for monitoring MRD in patients with FLT3-ITD. For the verification of the method, we analyzed samples from international controls UK NEQAS and pacient samples. With the introduced method, we obtained comparable results compared to the results of international laboratories. This confirmed the accuracy of the introduced method. We also assessed the reproducibility of the method within run and between runs. We found that the method is sufficiently accurate, sensitive and specific, which represents an important advancement for monitoring patients with AML. Increasingly sensitive methods are key to detecting MRD at lower cutoff values and also for improving treatment decisions. The advantage of the test, which is a combination of PCR and NGS, is also the relatively rapid data acquisition and efficient analysis using software. However, the method is associated with relatively high analysis costs. The introduction of the method into clinical practice for MRD monitoring will significantly improve the clinical management of patients with AML and the FLT3-ITD variant. Especially those who do not have variants in NPM1, meaning that FLT3-ITD is their only available marker for MRD detection
Chronic Stress and Burnout of Social Workers in the Field of Youth Work
No full textDiplomsko delo sem posvetil raziskovanju stresa in izgorelosti pri socialnih delavkah, ki delujejo na področju dela z mladimi. Vsebina izhaja izkušenj in opažanj, ki sem jih pridobil med pogovori s socialnimi delavkami in študijem literature. Povedano je, da je delo z mladimi pogosto čustveno zahtevno, odgovorno in hkrati premalo sistemsko podprto. V teoretičnem delu sem podrobneje obravnaval pojme stresa, izgorelosti, sekundarne travmatizacije, čustvene izčrpanosti ter organizacijskih in osebnostnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na doživljanje teh pojavov. Poudarek je na razlagi in povezavi med delovno motivacijo, izgorelostjo in uspešnostjo zaposlenih na podlagi delovnih zahtev - obremenitev, časovnih pritiskov in čustvenih zahtev dela v povezavi z delovnimi viri – podpora sodelavcev, avtonomija pri delu in finančna kompenzacija. Delo se osredotoča na vlogo supervizije, osebnostne čvrstosti ter etike skrbi zase, ki so prepoznani kot ključni zaščitni dejavniki.
Empirični del temelji na kvalitativni raziskavi z uporabo delno standardiziranih intervjujev s socialnimi delavkami. Analiza intervjujev pokaže, da stres najpogosteje izhaja iz organizacijskih okoliščin – kot so preobremenjenost, administrativna togost, nejasne vloge in pomanjkanje vodstvene podpore – ne toliko iz dela z mladimi samimi. Ugotovljeno je tudi, da osebnostne značilnosti, kot so visoka empatija, perfekcionizem in težave s postavljanjem mej, prispevajo k večji ranljivosti za izgorelost.This thesis focuses on the exploration of stress and burnout among female social workers working in the field of youth social work. The content stems from personal experiences and observations gathered through conversations with social workers and a review of relevant literature. It highlights that working with young people is often emotionally demanding, highly responsible, and at the same time insufficiently supported on a systemic level. In the theoretical part, I examine the concepts of stress, burnout, secondary traumatization, emotional exhaustion, and the organizational and personal factors that influence the experience of these phenomena. Emphasis is placed on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, the role of supervision, psychological resilience, and the ethics of self-care, all of which are identified as key protective factors.
The empirical part is based on qualitative research using interviews with female social workers. The analysis shows that stress most often arises from organizational conditions—such as excessive workload, bureaucratic rigidity, unclear roles, and lack of leadership support—rather than from working with young people themselves. It also reveals that personal characteristics, such as high empathy, perfectionism, and difficulties in setting boundaries, contribute to greater vulnerability to burnout
Fatty acid and amino acid derivatives in organocatalyzed Michael additions
No full textAmino acid derivatives, such as β-keto esters and pyrrolones, were used as nucleophiles in organocatalyzed Michael additions to nitroalkene acceptors, while fatty acid derivatives acted as both nucleophiles (β-keto esters) and electrophiles (nitroalkene acceptors). Bifunctional noncovalent organocatalysts were employed as asymmetric organocatalysts. Twenty compounds—including fatty acid and amino acid derivatives, as well as fatty acid–amino acid conjugates—were prepared with enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. All novel products were fully characterized. This research demonstrates the ease of assembling readily available fatty acid and amino acid building blocks under ambient conditions