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Development of the Memory Scapes game for concentration training
No full textZaključna naloga temelji na raziskavi projekta Memory Scapes, mobilne videoigre za urjenje koncentracije. Termin koncentracija je splošen izraz, ki ga vsi dobro poznamo. Pomeni lahko nekaj vsakdanjega, npr. osredotočanje uma na trenutno delo, bolj specifično pa je koncentracija del kompleksnega sistema pozornosti in je pomembna kognitivna sposobnost. Resne videoigre, minimalizem in mobilnost so koncepti povezani z bistvom projekta – poučne minimalistično oblikovane igre, ustvarjene za operacijski sistem Android.
Ključna komponenta igre je njen algoritem za izrisovanje poti, ki je dinamičen in naključen. Program za vsak nivo igre ustvari povsem novo pot, ki ni podobna več prej igranim. Z minimalistično estetiko igra ustvarja poseben ambient, ki želi igralca privabiti in ohraniti njegovo pozornost na igro.
Anketna analiza je pokazala, da je igra v trenutnem formatu primerna za kratkoročno izboljšanje pozornosti, koncentracije in fokusa. Za dokaz vpliva na dolgoročnost in moč koncentracije bi bilo potrebno igro dlje časa testirati, so se pa že v trenutni fazi pojavile potrebe po spremembi nekaterih elementov igre, s katerimi bi izboljšali učinkovitost urjenja.The thesis is based on research on the project Memory Scapes, a mobile video game designed for concentration training. The term concentration is a general expression that we are all familiar with. It may refer to something everyday, such as focusing the mind on a current task, but more specifically, concentration is part of the complex system of attention and represents an important human cognitive ability. Serious video games, minimalism, and mobility are concepts closely connected to the essence of the project—an educational, minimally designed game created for the Android operating system.
A key component of the game is its path-drawing algorithm, which is dynamic and random. For each level, the program generates an entirely new path that is different from the previous ones. With its minimalist aesthetic, the game creates a special ambience intended to attract the player and maintain their attention.
The questionnaire analysis showed that, in its current format, the game is suitable for short-term improvement of attention, concentration, and focus. To demonstrate its long-term effects and the strength of its influence on concentration, longer and more extensive testing would be required. However, even in its current stage, the need to adjust certain elements of the game has emerged in order to improve training effectiveness
Development of advanced ultrasonic joining of electrical components
No full textDisertacija obravnava izboljšave električnih spojev tankih bakrenih žic, izdelanih z ultrazvočnim varjenjem in spajkanjem. Zaradi slabše mehanske trdnosti tankih žic pri klasičnem ultrazvočnem varjenju je bil razvit pristop z varjenjem z obročem, ki zmanjša deformacije žic. Preučeni so bili vplivi varilnih parametrov (energija, tlak, amplituda) in določeni optimalni pogoji za lakirane in nelakirane žice. Spoji lakiranih žic so kljub nekoliko slabši prevodnosti in mehanski trdnosti izkazali boljši energetsko učinkovitejši postopek. Toplotni šok v območju -30 do 150 C ni bistveno vplival na mehanske ali električne lastnosti spojev. V nadaljevanju je raziskana uporaba ultrazvočnega varjenja za tesnjenje hladilnih kanalov v bakrenih kladah iz Cu-ETP kot alternativa konvencionalnim postopkom. Razvita metoda omogoča zanesljivo mehansko in hermetično spajanje brez dodatnih materialov, kar povečuje robustnost in trajnost spojev. Zaključno poglavje obravnava korozijsko zaščito galvansko spojenih sistemov iz aluminijeve zlitine AA6082 in bakra (Cu-ETP) v kloridnem okolju. Sinergetski učinek mešanice cerijevega acetata, natrijevega sulfata in 1H-benzotriazola znatno zmanjša galvansko korozijo, poveča stabilnost pasivnih filmov in izboljša dolgoročno odpornost materialov v agresivnih pogojih.The dissertation addresses improvements in electrical joints made of thin copper wires, produced by ultrasonic welding and soldering. Due to the limited mechanical strength of thin wires in conventional ultrasonic welding, a novel ring-welding approach was developed to reduce wire deformation. The influence of welding parameters (energy, pressure, amplitude) was examined, and optimal conditions were determined for both varnished and bare wires. Despite slightly lower electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, joints made with varnished wires demonstrated higher process energy efficiency. Thermal shock testing in the range of −30 to 150 C showed no significant impact on the mechanical or electrical properties of the joints. Furthermore, the study explores the use of ultrasonic welding for sealing cooling channels in Cu-ETP copper blocks as an alternative to conventional sealing methods. The developed technique enables reliable mechanical and hermetic bonding without additional materials, enhancing the durability and robustness of the joints. The final part of the dissertation focuses on corrosion protection of galvanically coupled systems composed of AA6082 aluminium alloy and Cu-ETP copper in a chloride environment. A synergistic combination of cerium acetate, sodium sulfate, and 1H-benzotriazole significantly reduces galvanic corrosion, improves passive film stability, and enhances the long-term corrosion resistance of materials under aggressive conditions
Expanding the reactive chemistry toolbox – warhead screening for covalent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors
No full textMany covalent inhibitors of butyryl- and acetylcholinesterase, typically featuring electrophilic carbamoyl, phosphonyl, and sulfonyl groups, were reported in the literature. In this study, we screened these and several other electrophilic moieties for covalent cholinesterase inhibition. The electrophilic warheads were either installed at different positions on a reversible, selective human butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor scaffold or featured as small molecular weight, fragment-sized compounds. Time-dependency of the enzyme inhibition served as an indicator of covalent binding. The 7-indolyl substitution pattern proved optimal for generating time-dependent inhibitors, and carbamate chemotype produced most of the time-dependent hit compounds. Interestingly, the carbamates\u27 reactivity was strongly influenced by their leaving groups’ nucleofugality and not by steric hindrance, as sufficiently acidic leaving groups (pKa <10) enabled carbamoylation of the catalytic serine. Notably, an exception to this rule of a thumb was found in a series of chalcogen carbachol analogues. The gathered insights highlight some key structure–reactivity relationships for covalent hBChE inhibitors and may assist in development of novel serine hydrolase inhibitors
Learning with noisy labels [~re]visited
No full textLearning with noisy labels (LNL) is a subfield of supervised machine learning investigating scenarios in which the training data contain errors. While most research has focused on synthetic noise, where labels are randomly corrupted, real-world noise from human annotation errors is more complex and less understood. Wei et al. (2022) introduced CIFAR-N, a dataset with human-labeled noise and claimed that real-world noise is fundamentally more challenging than synthetic noise. This study aims to reproduce their experiments on testing the characteristics of human-annotated label noise, memorization dynamics, and benchmarking of LNL methods. We successfully reproduce some of the claims but identify some quantitative discrepancies. Notably, our attempts to reproduce the reported benchmark reveal inconsistencies in the reported results. To address these issues, we develop a unified framework and propose a refined benchmarking protocol that ensures a fairer evaluation of LNL methods. Our findings confirm that real-world noise differs structurally from synthetic noise and is memorized more rapidly by deep networks. By open-sourcing our implementation, we provide a more reliable foundation for future research in LNL
Impact of physical activity on the daily rest of preschool children in kindergarten
No full textNamen diplomskega dela je bil proučiti, kako različne stopnje intenzivnosti gibalnih
dejavnosti vplivajo na čas uspavanja in trajanje dnevnega spanja predšolskih otrok v vrtcu.
Raziskava je temeljila na opazovanju skupine otrok iz prvega starostnega obdobja in je zajela
dvajsetdnevno spremljanje otrok, ki so izmenično sodelovali v nizko- in visokointenzivnih
gibalnih dejavnostih pred počitkom.
V raziskavo je bilo vključenih štirinajst otrok, starih od enega do treh let. Podatki o
intenzivnosti gibanja, času uspavanja in trajanju spanja so bili zbrani z opazovalnimi
formularji ter analizirani z osnovnimi deskriptivnimi statistikami, t-testi za odvisne vzorce in
korelacijsko analizo. Rezultati so pokazali, da so otroci po visokointenzivnih gibalnih
dejavnostih zaspali hitreje kot po nizkointenzivnih dejavnostih, pri čemer je bil čas uspavanja
statistično značilno krajši. Prav tako so otroci po visokointenzivnih dejavnostih v povprečju
spali dlje kot po dejavnostih nizke intenzivnosti.
Ugotovitve kaţejo, da lahko premišljeno načrtovanje intenzivnejših gibalnih dejavnosti pred
počitkom prispeva k hitrejšemu umirjanju otrok in k daljšemu trajanju njihovega spanja.The purpose of the thesis was to investigate how diffirent levels of physical activity intensity
affect the time it takes to fall asleep and the duration of daytime sleep in preschool children in
kindergarten. The research was based on observing a group of children aged 1–3 years and
involved a twenty-day monitoring period in which children alternated between low- and high-
intensity physical activities priop to their daytime nap.
The study included fourteen children aged 1–3 years. Data on movement intensity, time to fall
asleep, and sleep duration were collected using observation forms and analysed using basic
descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and correlation analysis. The results showed that
after high-intensity physical activities, children fell asleep faster than after low-intensity
activities, with a statistically significant shorter latency to sleep. Furthermore, children, on
average, slept longer after high-intensity activities than after low-intensity activities.
The findings indicate that carefully scheduling higher-intensity physical activities before the
daytime nap can promote faster calming in children and extend their sleep duration
Cybersecurity of the State in Crisis Situations
No full textDiplomsko delo obravnava problematiko kibernetske varnosti države v kriznih situacijah, s posebnim poudarkom na zaščiti kritične infrastrukture pred sodobnimi oblikami kibernetskega vojskovanja. V teoretičnem delu so opredeljeni ključni koncepti, kot so CIA triada, ranljivosti ničtega dne in časovne bombe, ter vloga programske kode kot sodobnega orožja. Analiza se osredotoča na prepletenost informacijske (IT) in operativne tehnologije (OT), ki povečuje ranljivost državnih sistemov. Skozi sistematičen pregled študij primerov – od napada na Estonijo (2007) in Stuxneta (2010) do napadov na ukrajinsko elektroenergetsko omrežje (2015) in hibridnih napadov na dobavno verigo (Izrael, 2024) – delo prikazuje evolucijo groženj od motenja storitev do fizičnega uničenja infrastrukture. Ugotovljeno je, da tradicionalna pasivna obramba (požarni zidovi, izolacija omrežij) ne zadošča več za zagotavljanje nacionalne varnosti. Delo utemeljuje potrebo po implementaciji aktivnih obrambnih mehanizmov, vključno s protinapadi in preemptivnim delovanjem, ter poudarja pomen odpornosti in hitre obnove sistemov. Posebna pozornost je namenjena pravno-etičnim izzivom, zlasti problemu atribucije napadov in delovanju v "sivi coni" med mirom in vojno. Zaključek podaja smernice za krepitev nacionalne kibernetske varnosti v Sloveniji in širše.The thesis analyzes the challenges of state cybersecurity in crisis situations, focusing on the protection of critical infrastructure against modern forms of cyber warfare. The theoretical part defines key concepts such as the CIA triad, zero-day vulnerabilities, time bombs, and the role of software code as a modern weapon. The analysis focuses on the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), which increases the vulnerability of state systems. Through a systematic review of case studies—ranging from the attack on Estonia (2007) and Stuxnet (2010) to the attacks on the Ukrainian power grid (2015) and hybrid supply chain attacks (Israel, 2024)—the thesis illustrates the evolution of threats from service disruption to physical infrastructure destruction. It is established that traditional passive defense (firewalls, network isolation) is no longer sufficient to ensure national security. The thesis argues for the necessity of implementing active defense mechanisms, including counter-attacks and preemptive actions, while emphasizing the importance of resilience and rapid system recovery. Special attention is given to legal and ethical challenges, particularly the problem of attack attribution and operations in the "gray zone" between peace and war. The conclusion provides guidelines for strengthening national cybersecurity in Slovenia and beyond
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON INDIVIDUALS WITH SECOND DEGREE BURNOUT SYNDROME
No full textNamen tega magistrskega diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti in raziskati učinke strukturiranega
vadbenega kineziološkega programa na posameznike z drugo stopnjo sindroma izgorelosti. V
obdobju 12 tednov smo skupaj spremljali 27 udeležencev, starih med 25 in 60 let, ki smo jih
razdelili v dve skupini: eksperimentalno (15) in kontrolno (12). Nihče od njih pred tem ni bil redno
fizično aktiven. Vadba je zanje predstavljala nekaj novega. Na začetku smo z vsakim udeležencem
izvedli intervju, izpolniti pa je moral tudi vprašalnik. Program telesne vadbe je zajemal 12-
tedensko vadbo (po dvakrat tedensko) pod kineziološkim vodstvom. Poudarek je bil na mišični
sprostitvi, zmerni aerobni aktivnosti ter gibljivosti in mobilnosti sklepov. Po koncu vadbenega
procesa (12 tednih) smo z udeleženci vse intervjuje in izpolnitev vprašalnikov ponovili.
Ugotovljeno je bilo statistično značilno izboljšanje v eksperimentalni skupini pri naslednjih
parametrih: zadovoljstvo z življenjem (+ 2,6 ocene, p < 0,001), splošno počutje in zdravje (- 6,7
ocene, p < 0,001), somatska anksioznost (- 3,9 ocene, p < 0,001), kognitivna anksioznost (- 4,3
ocene, p < 0,001), samozavest (+ 2,80 ocene, p < 0,001), konstruktivno soočanje s stresom (+ 3,5
ocene, p < 0,001) ter izgorelost (- 8,3 ocene, p < 0,001). Pri vseh navedenih parametrih smo
ugotovili statistično značilen učinek časa ter učinek interakcije časa in skupine. Dva parametra
sta pri ocenjevanju imela nekoliko drugačen izid. Pri ocenjevanju rezultatov za nekonstruktivno
soočanje s stresom po koncu vadbenega procesa nismo ugotovili statistično značilnega učinka
časa, niti učinka interakcije časa in skupine. Smo pa pri vadbeni skupini ugotovili statistično
značilno izboljšanje v ocenah nekonstruktivnega soočanja s stresom (- 1,7 ocene, p = 0,020). Pri
ocenjevanju osebnostne čvrstosti smo ugotovili statistično značilen učinek časa, vendar pa ne
tudi značilnega učinka interakcije časa in skupine. Kljub temu smo tudi tu pri eksperimentalni
skupini ugotovili statistično značilno izboljšanje (+ 3,0 ocene, p = 0,002) v ocenah osebnostne
čvrstosti. V kontrolni skupini nismo opazili pomembnih sprememb, iz česar lahko sklepamo, da
je redna telesna aktivnost izrednega pomena za izboljšanje psihičnega zdravja in obvladovanja
simptomov izgorelosti.The purpose of this master\u27s thesis was to determine and investigate the effects of a structured
exercise kinesiology program on individuals with the second degree of burnout syndrome. Over a
period of 12 weeks, we monitored a total of 27 participants aged between 25 and 60, who were
divided into two groups: an experimental group (15) and a control group (12). None of the
participants participated in any physical activity regularly. Exercise was presented as a new form
of activity in their lives. In the beginning, we conducted an interview with each participant, where
each of them also filled out a questionnaire. The physical exercise program included 12 weeks of
exercise activity (two times a week) under kinesiological guidance. The emphasis of the exercise
program was on muscle relaxation, moderate aerobic activity, flexibility and joint mobility. After
the end of the training process (12 weeks), we repeated all the interviews and filling of the
questionnaires. A statistically significant improvement was found in the experimental group in
the following parameters: life satisfaction (+2.6 scores, p < 0.001), general well-being and health
(-6.7 scores, p < 0.001), somatic anxiety (-3, 9 scores, p < 0.001), cognitive anxiety (-4.3 scores,
p< 0.001), self-confidence (+2.80 scores, p < 0.001), constructive coping with stress (+3.5 scores,
p< 0.001) and burnout (-8.3 scores, p< 0.001). For all the parameters listed so far, we found a
statistically significant effect of time and an interaction effect of time and group. 2 parameters
had a slightly different outcome when evaluated. When evaluating the results for non-
constructive coping with stress after the end of the exercise process, we did not find a statistically
significant effect of time, nor an interaction effect of time and group. However, we also found a
statistically significant improvement in the ratings of unconstructive coping with stress in the
exercise group participants (-1.7 ratings, p =0.020). When assessing personal firmness, we found
a statistically significant effect of time, but not a significant interaction effect of time and group.
Nevertheless, we also found a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group
(+3.0 points, p = 0.002) when assessing personal firmness. No significant changes were observed
in the control group, from which we can conclude that regular physical activity is a good
intervention for improving mental health and managing burnout and stress related symptoms
Tawada Yōko: Language and Identity in Diaspora
No full textDiplomsko delo raziskuje definicijo, pomen in zgodovino diaspore. Raziskuje vpliv diaspore na jezik in identiteto posameznika in skupnosti. V diplomskem delu je predstavljena tudi literatura diaspore in njene značilnosti, ki so predstavljene z analizo dela japonske avtorice Tawada Yōko, z naslovom Chikyū ni chiribamerarete 地球にちりばめられて (Scattered All Over the Earth). Tawada Yōko je japonska pisateljica, ki živi v Nemčiji že od 22. leta, zato je odlična predstavnica literature diaspore, v svojih delih pogosto raziskuje posledice migracije na posameznikovo identiteto in jezikovno izkušnjo ter izkušnje priseljencev v državi gostiteljici. Diplomsko delo raziskuje tudi japonsko diasporo po svetu in v Nemčiji.The thesis explores the definition, significance, and history of the diaspora. It examines the impact of the diaspora on the language and identity of individuals and communities. The thesis also presents diaspora literature and its characteristics, illustrated through the analysis of the work Chikyū ni chiribamerarete 地球にちりばめられて (Scattered All Over the Earth) by Japanese author Tawada Yōko. Tawada Yōko is a Japanese writer who has been living in Germany since the age of 22, making her an excellent representative of diaspora literature. In her works, she often explores the consequences of migration on individual identity and language experience, as well as the experiences of immigrants in the host country. The thesis also investigates the Japanese diaspora around the world, with a particular focus on Germany
Učenje o trajnostnosti v globalnem kontekstu digitalne preobrazbe v izobraževanju učiteljev
No full textWebinars are a powerful digital tool for learning about sustainability in a global context. The implementation of different technologies in teacher education, such as webinars, is becoming indispensable due to digital transformation and internationalisation processes. In this context, digital competences are described as key to quality education and a sustainable future. In teacher education, there is little evidence on how digital tools can be used for learning about sustainability. Based on the Teach4Reach project, a two-year international study on the Sustainable Development Goals in teacher education describes learning experi-ences in webinars by presenting selected vignettes. The question is how digitisation can support learning on sustainability in a global context of quality education. We conclude that webinars are a digital tool that supports knowledge building and collaborative learning in an international context but that their specific properties need to be recognised. The vignettes exemplify various challenges and opportunities presented by webinars, such as the fundamental role of facilitators, ease of access to the online environment, different behaviours of participants and un-knowns about the learning outcomesSpletni seminarji so učinkovito digitalno orodje za učenje o trajnostnosti v globalnem kontekstu. Implementacija različnih tehnologij v izobraževanju učiteljev, kot so spletni seminarji, postaja nepogrešljiva zaradi digitalne transformacije in procesov internacionalizacije. V tem kontekstu so digitalne kompetence opisane kot ključne za kakovostno izobraževanje in trajnostno prihodnost. V izobraževanju učiteljev je malo dokazov o tem, kako je mogoče digitalna orodja uporabiti za uče-nje o trajnostnosti. Dveletna mednarodna študija o ciljih trajnostnega razvoja v izobraževanju učiteljev, ki temelji na projektu Teach4Reach, s predstavitvijo izbranih vinjet opisuje učne izkušnje v spletnih seminar-jih. Vprašanje je, kako lahko digitalizacija podpira učenje o trajnostnosti v globalnem kontekstu kakovostnega izobraževanja. Ugotavljamo, da so spletni seminarji digitalno orodje, ki podpira pridobivanje znanja in sodelovalno učenje v mednarodnem kontekstu, vendar je treba prepoznati njihove posebne lastnosti. Vinjete ponazarjajo različne izzive in priložnosti, ki jih predstavljajo spletni seminarji, kot so: temeljna vloga moderatorjev, preprost dostop do spletnega okolja, različno vedenje udeležencev in pomanjkanje podatkov o učnih izidih
