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Language knowledge of the employees in the administrative units
No full textZaposleni na upravnih enotah se pri svojem delu vse pogosteje srečujejo z mednarodnim sodelovanjem in s tujimi strankami, zato za učinkovito in kakovostno opravljanje nalog narašča pomen znanja tujih jezikov ter razvijanja raznolikih jezikovnih kompetenc tudi v okviru rabe slovenskega jezika.
Predstavljeni so pravni akti in pomembne določbe, ki urejajo pogoje znanja slovenščine ter jezikov narodnih skupnosti pri zaposlovanju javnih uslužbencev na upravnih enotah. V nadaljevanju se delo osredotoča na dejavnike, ki vplivajo na potrebo po znanju jezikov med zaposlenimi na upravnih enotah, in na vsebinska področja oz. delovne naloge, kjer je potreba po znanju jezikov najbolj izrazita. Opravljena je bila analiza odgovorov zaposlenih na UE glede preverjanja jezikovnih pogojev ob zaposlovanju in potreb po znanju jezikov pri opravljanju dela. Z anketo se je prikazalo dejansko stanje v praksi in opredelilo primere, v katerih se po mnenju zaposlenih na UE pojavljajo težave, povezane z neznanjem jezikov.
Ugotovljeno je, da je znanje slovenščine ob zaposlovanju na upravnih enotah jasno in strožje normirano, medtem ko je določanje pogojev glede znanja tujih jezikov prepuščeno presoji potreb posameznega delovnega mesta. Rezultati ankete kažejo, da je preverjanje jezikovnega znanja pri zaposlovanju na UE razmeroma redko, zaposleni pa pri svojem delu večinoma izpostavljajo le težave in potrebo po dodatnem znanju jezikov s strani strank v postopku.
Diplomsko delo izpostavi težave in ukrepe, ki se izvajajo za reševanje jezikovne problematike v Sloveniji in njenih upravnih enotah, ter odpira nadaljnja vprašanja o možnih ukrepih in raziskavah na tem področju.Employees in administrative units are increasingly encountering international cooperation and foreign residents in their work, which is why knowledge of foreign languages and the development of diverse language skills, including in the context of the use of the Slovenian language, are becoming increasingly important for the effective and high-quality performance of tasks.
The theoretical part presents legal acts and important provisions governing the requirements for knowledge of Slovenian and the languages of national communities in the employment in administrative units. The work then focuses on the factors that influence the need for language knowledge among employees in administrative units and on the content areas or work tasks where the need for language knowledge is most pronounced. The research part analyses the responses of administrative unit employees regarding the verification of language requirements upon recruitment and the need for language knowledge in performing their work. The survey showed the actual situation in practice and identified cases in which, according to administrative unit employees, problems arise due to a lack of language knowledge.
We found that knowledge of Slovenian is clearly and more strictly regulated when hiring at administrative units, while the determination of foreign language requirements is left to the discretion of the individual job position. The survey results show that language proficiency is rarely tested when hiring at administrative units, and employees mostly point out only the problems and the need for additional language knowledge on the part of clients in the process.
The thesis highlights the problems and measures being implemented to solve language issues in Slovenia and its administrative units, and raises further questions about possible measures and research in this area
Zasnova in izdelava vmesnika za povezavo senzorjev s platformo myRIO-1900
No full textAs part of the diploma thesis, an interface was designed and developed to serve as a dedicated educational tool during laboratory practices for senior-year courses at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. The custom printed circuit board connects two different ultrasonic distance sensors to the myRIO microcontroller development platform by National Instruments, which acquires, processes, and transmits the data to a computer. The results are displayed in real time on an informative and intuitive graphical user interface.
The circuit design and layout were created using the open-source program KiCAD, while the graphical programming of the myRIO-1900 platform and its FPGA module, as well as the design of the graphical user interface, were carried out in LabVIEW.
This system will provide students with a quick, reliable, and straightforward insight into the operation of ultrasonic sensors, as well as enable further detailed analysis of simple distance measurement applications.V okviru diplomske naloge je bil zasnovan in izdelan vmesnik, ki bo kot namenski pedagoški pripomoček uporabljen pri laboratorijskih vajah predmetov višjih letnikov na Fakulteti za elektrotehniko. Namensko tiskano vezje povezuje dva različna ultrazvočna senzorja razdalje z mikrokrmilniško razvojno platformo myRIO podjetja National Instruments, ki zbrane podatke prebere, prilagodi in pošlje računalniku. Ta rezultate v realnem času prikazuje na informativnem, a preglednem uporabniškem vmesniku.
Vezje je bilo zasnovano in izrisano v odprtokodnem programu KiCAD, grafično programiranje mikrokrmilnika in FPGA modula platforme myRIO-1900 pa v programskem okolju LabVIEW, s katerim je bil izdelan tudi grafični uporabniški vmesnik.
S pomočjo tega sistema študent na hiter in preprost način dobi vpogled v delovanje ultrazvočnih senzorjev in jih lahko na primeru preproste aplikacije merilnika razdalje tudi podrobno analizira
German Classics in Grammar School Curricula in Carniola
No full textPrispevek preučuje vlogo nemških klasikov v gimnazijah na Kranjskem v obdobju med letoma 1849 in 1918, ko je bil pouk nemščine skupaj s klasičnimi jeziki osrednje jedro humanistične izobrazbe. Na podlagi analize letnih poročil štirih klasičnih gim-nazij na Kranjskem (Ljubljana, Novo mesto, Kranj, Kočevje) raziskava rekonstruira gimnazijski literarni kanon ter osvetljuje pomen Goetheja in Schillerja pri oblikovanju kulturnega in svetovnonazorskega horizonta slovenskih gimnazijcev. Analiza znan-stvenih razprav, maturitetnih in šolskih spisov ter seznamov obveznega branja kaže, da je weimarska klasika delovala ne le kot literarni, temveč tudi kot moralni in etični vzor. Raziskava potrjuje, da je poznavanje nemških klasikov igralo ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju intelektualnega profila dijakov, ki so pozneje vstopali v javno in kulturno življenje ter sooblikovali podobo slovenske družbe.This article examines the role of German literary classics in secondary school educa-tion in Carniola in the period 1849-1918, when German language instruction, together with the classical languages, formed core humanities education. Based on an analysis of annual reports from four classical gymnasiums in Carniola (Ljubljana, Novo mesto, Kranj, and Kočevje), the study reconstructs the gymnasium literary canon and illumi-nates the role of Goethe and Schiller in shaping the cultural and ideological horizons of Slovenian gymnasium students. An analysis of scholarly essays, final examination Irena Sam Ide, Petra Kramberger / nemš KIKla SIKIvgImnaz IjSKI hProgramIhna Kranj SK em212papers, school assignments and required reading lists reveals that the Weimar classics represented not only literary models but also moral and ethical exemplars. The study confirms that knowledge of German literary classics played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual profile of students who later entered public and cultural life and helped shape Slovenian society at the turn of the twentieth century
Obvladovanje bolečine po carskem rezu z opioidno analgezijo in vpliv na dojenje
No full textIntroduction: Pain after caesarean section is an expected event that can affect the patient\u27s recovery and first attempts at breastfeeding. The aim of this review was to determine the relationship between opioid pain management after caesarean section and support during the first breastfeeding attempts.Methods: A descriptive method was used to conduct a literature search in the PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, which included literature published between 2013 and 2023. A combination of the following keywords was used in the search: "pain", "delivery", "opioid", "mobilisation" and "nursing". Primary sources were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search process and selection are illustrated using the PRISMA diagram. A thematic analysis was conducted by coding the data retrieved. Results: The literature search yielded nine articles addressing the status of opioid pain management and breastfeeding after caesarean section. The results of the literature search were critically appraised using the MML tool. The main content pertained to the outcomes of identifying different interventions for the management of postoperative pain and initiation of breastfeeding after caesarean section. Discussion and conclusion: In general, patients in different countries were found to be at higher risk of inadequate forms of pain management after caesarean section. We also identified the key research gaps that should be addressed to support further public health interventions for more appropriate pain management and the promotion of and support with breastfeeding after caesarean section.Uvod: Bolečina po carskem rezu je pričakovan dogodek, ki lahko vpliva na okrevanje otročnice in prvo dojenje. Namen tega pregleda je ugotoviti povezavo med obravnavo bolečine z opioidi po carskem rezu in podporo pri dojenju.Metode: Izvedli smo pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature. Iskanje je potekalo po podatkovnih bazah PubMed Central, ScienceDirect in Google Scholar. Vključena je bila literature, objavljena med letoma 2013 in 2023. Pri iskanju so bile uporabljene kombinacije ključnih besed: »bolečina«, »porod«, »opioid«, »mobilizacija« in »zdravstvena nega«. Primarni viri so bili izbrani v skladu z merili za vključitev in izključitev. Postopek iskanja in izbor sta prikazana s pomočjo PRISMA diagrama. Tematska analiza je bila izvedena s kodiranjem reziltatov. Rezultati: Identificirali smo 9 člankov, ki so obravnavali status obvladovanja bolečine z opioidi po carskem rezu. Rezultate smo kritično ovrednotili z orodjem PICO. Glavna vsebina so bili rezultati pri ugotavljanju različnih intervencij za obvladovanje pooperativne bolečine in za začetek dojenja po carskem rezu. Diskusija in zaključek: Na splošno velja, da so otročnice v različnih državah bolj izpostavljene tveganju neučinkovitih načinov obvladovanja bolečine po carskem rezu. Opredelili smo ključne vrzeli, ki bi lahko bile nadaljne področje raziskovanja za ustreznejše obvladovanje bolečine ter podpora dojenju po carskem razu
The effect of physical exercise on lumbopelvic pain in pregnant women - a literature review
No full textUvod: Nosečnost prinaša številne telesne in fiziološke spremembe, med katerimi je pogosta tudi pojavnost lumbopelvične bolečine (LPP). Redna telesna vadba ima pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju zdravja matere in ploda ter lahko zmanjšuje tveganje za pojav in intenzivnost LPP. Kljub že obstoječim priporočilom za ohranjanje telesne dejavnosti med nosečnostjo se telesna dejavnost nosečnic pogosto zmanjša. Vse več je dokazov, da ohranjanje telesne dejavnosti v nosečnosti predstavlja tudi pomembno strategijo za preprečevanje in lajšanje simptomov LPP med nosečnostjo. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na podlagi pregleda znanstvene in strokovne literature preučiti učinke telesne vadbe na preprečevanje in zmanjševanje LPP pri nosečnicah. Metode dela: Literatura, vključena v pregled, je bila iskana v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in ScienceDirect. Vključene so bile randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave, ki so pri nosečnicah brez drugih večjih zdravstvenih težav raziskovale vplive telesne vadbe na LPP. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih šest raziskav, ki so ustrezale vključitvenim in izključitvenim kriterijem. V vseh vključenih raziskavah so nosečnice sledile določenemu vadbenemu programu, raziskovalci pa so spremljali prevalenco in intenzivnost LPP ter druge vidike počutja in zdravja nosečnic. V treh vključenih raziskavah je prišlo do statistično značilne manjše intenzivnosti bolečine v intervencijskih skupinah, v eni raziskavi pa je prišlo tudi do statistično značilne razlike v prevalenci LPP v korist intervencijski skupini. Tendenca k nižji prevalenci LPP v intervencijski skupini je bila nakazana tudi v dveh drugih raziskavah, vendar brez statistične značilnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati izbranih raziskav kažejo, da lahko redna, ustrezno prilagojena telesna vadba ugodno vpliva na intenzivnost in prevalenco LPP ter izboljša funkcionalno sposobnost in splošno počutje nosečnic. Upoštevati pa moramo tudi pomanjkljivosti naših raziskav, ki so si bile med seboj različne tako po vrsti, trajanju in pogostosti vadbe kot tudi po uporabljenih merilnih orodjih, kar otežuje neposredno primerjavo rezultatov. Vse raziskave so vključile le zdrave nosečnice, zato ugotovitve niso posplošljive na celotno populacijo. Na osnovi pregledane literature je mogoče zaključiti, da je telesna vadba varen pristop za preprečevanje in lajšanje LPP v nosečnosti, pri čemer so v prihodnosti potrebne nove bolj standardizirane raziskave z večjo in raznoliko populacijo nosečnic.Introduction: Pregnancy brings numerous physical and physiological changes, among which the occurrence of lumbopelvic pain (LPP) is common. Regular physical exercise plays an important role in maintaining the health of both the mother and the fetus and can reduce the risk and intensity of LPP. Despite existing recommendations to remain physically active during pregnancy, the level of physical activity among pregnant women often decreases. Increasing evidence suggests that maintaining regular physical activity during pregnancy also represents an important strategy for preventing and alleviating LPP symptoms during pregnancy. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to examine, based on a review of scientific and professional literature, the effects of physical exercise on the prevention and reduction of LPP in pregnant women. Methods: The literature included in the review was searched in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Randomized controlled trials were included that investigated the effects of physical exercise on LPP in pregnant women without other major health problems. Results: The literature review included six studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all included studies, pregnant women followed a specific exercise program, while researchers monitored the prevalence and intensity of LPP as well as other aspects of maternal well-being and health. In three of the included studies, the intervention groups showed a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity, and in one study, a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of LPP in favor of the intervention group was also observed. A tendency toward a lower prevalence of LPP in the intervention group was indicated in two additional studies, although without statistical significance. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of our review indicate that regular, appropriately adapted physical exercise can have a beneficial effect on the intensity and prevalence of LPP, as well as improve functional ability and overall well-being in pregnant women. However, the limitations of the included studies must be considered, as they varied in the type, duration, and frequency of exercise, as well as in the measurement tools used, which makes direct comparison of results difficult. All studies included only healthy pregnant womentherefore, the findings cannot be fully generalized to the entire population. In conclusion, physical exercise appears to be a safe approach for the prevention and alleviation of LPP during pregnancy, although future research should focus on standardized protocols and include larger and more diverse populations of pregnant women
Corporate identity design for IT services and consulting company
No full textNamen diplomskega dela je izdelava celostne grafične podobe podjetja na področju informacijske tehnologije, da bi to dobilo novo identiteto, izgled in prepoznavnost na trgu. Posebna pozornost je namenjena raziskavi in uporabi generativne umetne inteligence pri izdelavi logotipa. V tem okviru so bila preizkušena različna orodja, katere funkcionalnosti in zmožnosti so bile analizirane ter primerjane.
Cilj je bil doseči vizualno podobo, ki bi ustrezala naročnikovim kriterijem, in pri tem raziskati, v kolikšni meri si pri tem lahko pomagamo z orodji generativne umetne inteligence. Opravljen je bil pregled izbranih aktualnih orodij generativne umetne inteligence, potek razvoja naših izdelkov, narejenih z njihovo pomočjo, ter izbor in umestitev izdelkov v celostno grafično podobo. Poskusili smo oceniti tudi, v kolikšni meri lahko omenjeni programi pripomorejo pri delu oz. nadomestijo delo oblikovalca.
Rezultati so predstavljeni skozi slike, grafike in posnetke zaslonov, ki so bili pridobljeni skozi postopek izdelave celostne grafične podobe. Nastal je logotip, izbrali smo barve in tipografijo, pripravili smo slikovni material in izdelan je bil potreben promocijski material.
Vpliv umetne inteligence smo raziskovali v procesu idejnega snovanja logotipa in ugotovili, da le ta podaja dobre rezultate, ki pa se kar močno razlikujejo med seboj, odvisno od izbranega orodja. Zaključili smo, da so omenjena orodja generativne umetne inteligence definitivno lahko v pomoč pri delu oblikovanja, vendar bolj v smeri podajanja in usmerjanja idej kot pa za izdelavo dejanskih rešitev.The purpose of this thesis was to create a corporate visual identity for a company in the information technology sector, thereby providing it with a new identity, appearance, and enhanced market recognition. Special attention was devoted to the research and application of generative artificial intelligence in the logo design process. In this context, different tools were tested, their functionalities and capabilities analyzed and compared.
The goal was to achieve a visual identity that met the client’s criteria, while also exploring the extent to which generative artificial intelligence tools can support the process. An overview of selected current generative artificial intelligence tools was conducted, along with the development process of our products created with their help, and the selection and integration of these products into the overall corporate visual identity. We also sought to evaluate to what extent these programs can assist in the work or potentially replace the role of the designer.
The results are presented through images, graphics, and screenshots created during the development of the corporate visual identity. A logo was designed, colors and typography were selected, visual materials were prepared, and the necessary promotional materials were produced.
The influence of artificial intelligence was examined in the conceptual phase of logo design, where we found that it can produce good results, although the outcomes vary significantly depending on the chosen tool. We concluded that the evaluated generative AI tools can indeed support the design process, primarily by providing inspiration and guiding ideas, rather than by producing complete, final design solutions
Razvoj metode za izračun ekološkega odtisa slovenskih regij
No full textEkološki odtis kot kazalnik, ki spremlja porabo naravnih virov in jo primerja z njihovo razpoložljivostjo, je uporaben tudi na regionalni ravni. Uporabnost dosedanjih izračunov omejuje dejstvo, da temeljijo na mednarodnih ali nacionalnih podatkih, ki so bili le statistično razdeljeni med regije, ne pa dejansko zbrani na regionalni ravni. Osrednji namen disertacije je razvoj metode za izračun ekološkega odtisa slovenskih regij, ki temelji na kakovostnejših podatkih, zbranih na ravni statističnih regij v Sloveniji. Pri tem smo se naslonili na obstoječe in mednarodno priznane metode, ki smo jih prenesli v slovenske razmere ter ustrezno prilagodili. To sicer onemogoča mednarodno primerljivost izračunov, so pa ti kakovostnejši in bolj relevantni za uporabo na regionalni ravni. Izračun ekološkega odtisa za slovenske regije smo izvedli po hibridnem pristopu, ki vključuje del izračunov ekološkega (predvsem ogljičnega) odtisa po pristopu od spodaj navzgor in preostali del po pristopu od zgoraj navzdol. Temelj izračunov so podatki raziskovanj Statističnega urada Republike Slovenije, ki niso v celoti statistično zanesljivi, kar vpliva tudi na zanesljivost izračunanih rezultatov. Kljub omejitvam smo prikazali možnost uporabnosti oblikovane metode, ki omogoča redne izračune ekološkega odtisa za slovenske statistične regije in njihovo uporabo v načrtovanju regionalnega razvoja. Izračuni omogočajo prepoznavanje regijsko specifičnega povpraševanja po naravnih virih in njihove porabe ter oblikovanje ukrepov in strategij v okviru regionalnega načrtovanja. Razlike v vrednosti ekološkega odtisa regij so precejšnje, kar je vsaj delno tudi posledica omejene kakovosti vhodnih podatkov, zbranih s statističnimi raziskovanji. Najvišji ekološki odtis ima Pomurska regija (6,26 gha/prebivalca), najnižjega pa Zasavska regija (4,31 gha/prebivalca). Največji delež ekološkega odtisa prispevajo stanovanja, promet in hrana, k biokapaciteti pa največ gozd (72,3 %) in obdelovalne površine (16,4 %). Najvišjo biokapaciteto na prebivalca ima Primorsko-notranjska regija (7,62 gha/prebivalca), najnižjo pa Osrednjeslovenska regija (1,09 gha/prebivalca), ki posledično beleži tudi najvišji ekološki primanjkljaj. Edina regija z ekološkim presežkom je Primorsko-notranjska regija. Z disertacijo smo razvili metodo za izračun ekološkega odtisa in biokapacitete na ravni statističnih regij, ki vključuje tudi neposredne izračune za ključne COICOP kategorije. Prvo hipotezo smo delno potrdili, saj smo metodo ekološkega odtisa uspeli prilagoditi tako, da omogoča izračune po pristopu od spodaj navzgor, vendar ti zaradi omejene razpoložljivosti podatkov trenutno zajemajo le del celotnega ekološkega odtisa. Drugo hipotezo smo zavrnili, ker med kohezijskima regijama ni bilo ugotovljenih statistično značilnih razlik v vrednostih ekološkega odtisa, enako pa velja tudi za ekološki primanjkljaj. Razvita metoda pomeni pomemben prispevek k razvoju geografskih pristopov za prostorsko spremljanje in vrednotenje okoljskih pritiskov ter trajnostnega razvoja. Omogoča prepoznavanje regionalnih razlik ter njihovo povezovanje z razvojnimi in prostorskimi značilnostmi, kar krepi aplikativno vrednost geografskih analiz pri oblikovanju regionalnih in trajnostnih politik.The ecological footprint as an indicator that monitors the consumption of natural
resources and compares it with their availability is also applicable at regional level.
However, its application is limited by calculation methods that do not include national
data or only to a limited extent. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop a
method for calculating the ecological footprint of Slovenian regions based on local
(national and regional) data. The approach is based on existing and internationally
recognized methods adapted to the Slovenian context.
The ecological footprint of Slovenian regions was calculated using a hybrid approach
that combines bottom-up approach (especially for the carbon footprint) with top-down
approach. The calculations are based on data from the Statistical Office of the Republic
of Slovenia, which are not entirely statistically reliable, which affects the robustness of
the results. Despite these limitations, the study shows the applicability of the developed
method, which enables regular ecological footprint assessments for Slovenian
statistical regions and supports regional development planning.
Significant differences in ecological footprint values were found between regions, partly
due to data limitations. The highest Footprint was found in the Pomurska region (6.26
gha/capita) and the lowest in the Zasavska region (4.31 gha/capita). Housing,
transportation and food account for the largest share of the Footprint, while forests
(72.3%) and arable land (16.4%) contribute the most to biocapacity. The Primorskonotranjska region has the highest biocapacity per capita (7.62 gha/capita), while the
Osrednjeslovenska region has the lowest (1.09 gha/capita), resulting in the highest
ecological deficit. Primorsko-notranjska is the only region with an ecological surplus.
In this dissertation, we developed a method for calculating the ecological footprint and
biocapacity at the level of statistical regions, including direct calculations for key
COICOP categories. The first hypothesis was partially confirmed, as the ecological
footprint method was successfully adapted to allow bottom-up calculationshowever,
due to limited data availability, these currently cover only part of the total ecological
footprint. The second hypothesis was rejected, as no statistically significant differences
were found in the ecological footprint values between the two cohesion regions, which
also applies to the ecological deficit. The developed method makes an important
contribution to advancing geographical approaches for spatial monitoring and
assessment of environmental pressures and sustainable development. It enables the
identification of regional differences and their connection with developmental and
spatial characteristics, thereby strengthening the applied value of geographical
analyses in the formulation of regional and sustainability policies
Femtosecond laser processing of quartz wafers for precision cutting of tuning forks
No full textIn this work, femtosecond laser cutting of quartz wafers was demonstrated as an environmentally friendly alternative to the standard etching methods for production of sensitive sensor devices. The proposed approach employed milling channels for processing of the entire wafer thickness. The laser parameters examined for this procedure were the pulse energy, the number of scans and the channel width. Subsequent analysis of each channel focused on evaluating its depth, the angle of tapering, and the overall quality of the cut. The laser system operated at a central wavelength of 515 nm, delivering pulses with a temporal width of 390 femtoseconds. After identi- fying the optimal laser parameters for achieving the best channel quality through the wafer thick- ness (280 μm), the method was used to directly laser-cut quartz microresonators in a tuning-fork geometry. The resonant performance of laser-cut tuning forks was simulated and experimentally validated using a laser-vibrometer under photoacoustic excitation. The results matched standard quartz-tuning-fork behavior, with the junction quality between the body and prongs significantly impacting performance. This study confirms femtosecond laser cutting as an efficient, eco-friendly method for producing quartz micro-devices, enabling single prototype fabrication not achievable with conventional methods
Membrane palmitoylated protein 7 is required for osteogenesis and is linked with bone mineralisation and osteoporosis
No full textGenome-wide association studies have identified multiple loci associated with bone mineral density, a major determinant of osteoporotic fracture risk. At one such locus, genetic, bioinformatic, and zebrafish knockout data strongly prioritize membrane palmitoylated protein 7 (MPP7) as a candidate gene, although its precise role in bone biology remains poorly defined. MPP7 encodes a member of the p55 Stardust family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins, which are key regulators of epithelial cell polarity and junctional organization. Here, we investigated the functional role of MPP7 in bone biology. We found that MPP7 expression was significantly reduced—by approximately twofold—in bone tissue from osteoporotic patients compared with osteoarthritic patients and non-osteoporotic controls. Furthermore, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MPP7 knockout in the human osteosarcoma HOS cell line and demonstrated that MPP7 deletion impairs osteogenic differentiation and completely abrogates mineralization through downregulation of ALPL expression. Knockout cells also displayed altered morphology, suggesting that MPP7 influences osteoblast function via effects on cell polarity and adhesion. Collectively, our findings, together with zebrafish genetic evidence, indicate that MPP7 plays a critical role in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and may contribute to osteoporosis susceptibility in humans
Zaznava protislovij v pravnih besedilih
No full textThis paper lays the foundation for using Large Language Models (LLMs) in the Slovenian legal domain. We address data scarcity in low-resource languages by constructing the largest publicly available Slovene Legal Corpus, spanning over one billion tokens from legislative, judicial, and governmental texts. We introduce PravniBERT, a domain-specific Slovene legal language model, and evaluate it on contradiction-based legal article retrieval, achieving 83.6% ac-curacy@3. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of applying LLMs to complex legal reasoning in under-resourced settings and highlight the potential for transparent, domain-adapted legal AI in Slovenia.Prispevek obravnava izzive in pristope k zaznavanju protislovij v pravnih besedilih v slovenskem jeziku. Protislovja v zakonodaji in sodni praksi predstavljajo resen problem za pravno varnost, konsistentnost in interpretacijo prava.
Vzpostavitev sistema, ki bi avtomatsko prepoznaval vsebinska neskladja, zato predstavlja pomemben korak k učinkovitejši pravni analizi in razvoju naprednih pravnih informacijskih sistemov in kvalitetnejši pravni nomotehniki.
V ta namen pripravimo največji javno dostopen korpus slovenskega pravnega jezika, ki obsega več kot 1 milijardo besednih enot. Korpus zajema slovensko zakonodajo, odločbe Ustavnega sodišča RS in vse javno dostopne odločbe rednih sodišč, ter nekatere druge pravne akte objavljene v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije (od osamosvojitve RS dalje), pridobljene iz javnih virov z uporabo programskih vmesnikov (API-jev) in spletnih pajkov. Korpus je skrbno očiščen, strukturiran in vsebuje metapodatke, kar omogoča uporabo
pri različnih nalogah s področja obdelave naravnega jezika.
Na osnovi korpusa smo pripravili model PravniBERT, na podlagi arhitekture ModernBERT, ki je optimizirana za dolge zapise. Model smo evalvirali z nalogo iskanja člena, ki je danemu tekstu vsebinsko protisloven. Naš model je pri nalogi iskanja ustreznih členov dosegel natančnost 83,6 % pri najboljših treh rezultatih (accuracy@3). Nadaljnje delo vključuje dodaten razvoj modela, razširitev korpusa in priprava ročno anotiranih učnih podatkov na širšem naboru zakonikov.
Prispevek tako ponuja metodološke in tehnične temelje za nadaljnji razvoj sistemov za avtomatsko zaznavanje kontradikcij v pravnem jeziku. Predstavlja tudi pomemben prispevek k razvoju jezikovnih virov in umetne inteligence v slovenskem pravnem prostoru