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Discrimination in online housing advertising
No full textWith the digitalisation of the housing market, discriminatory practices have shifted from traditional print ads to online platforms, where algorithmic targeting and opaque content delivery systems can perpetuate exclusionary outcomes. The paper examines the legal challenges presented by discrimination in online housing advertising, concentrating on the interplay between EU anti-discrimination legislation and platform governance. It begins by analysing the limits of the current EU anti-discrimination framework, which offers protection on grounds of racial or ethnic origin, and sex in housing, but excludes many other protected grounds (for example, sexual orientation and religion or belief) and does not extend fully to the content of advertising.
Particular attention is given to the Digital Services Act (DSA), which introduces a new regulatory approach to online platforms. The DSA requires platforms to remove illegal and discriminatory content upon notice and encourages them to define and prohibit discriminatory practices in their terms of service, tackling them through voluntary content moderation. It also ensures transparency in ad targeting and recommender systems and directly prohibits targeted advertising based on sensitive categories of personal data. Very large online platforms (VLOPs) are further required to assess and mitigate discrimination as one of the systemic risks that can cause potential societal harm. However, several regulatory gaps exist, including the limited scope of DSA obligations, the absence of enforceable rights for users, and the challenge of addressing proxy and intersectional discrimination. A more integrated legal framework should combine anti-discrimination principles with structural platform accountability to ensure equal access to housing in the digital age
Recycling waste batteries and their environmental impact
No full textNamen diplomske naloge je preučiti vpliv odpadnih baterij na okolje in možnosti njihovega recikliranja. Odpadne baterije predstavljajo pomemben okoljski izziv zaradi svoje sestave, ki vključuje težke kovine, elektrolite in druge nevarne snovi. Ker se količina elektronskih naprav in električnih vozil po svetu nenehno povečuje, se hkrati močno povečuje tudi povpraševanje po baterijah, zaradi česar odpadne baterije postajajo vse resnejši izziv sodobne družbe. Nepravilno ravnanje z njimi lahko vodi v onesnaženje tal, vode in zraka ter ogroža zdravje ljudi in ekosistemov, kar dodatno poudarja potrebo po učinkovitih strategijah ravnanja. Med glavne izzive uvrščamo pomanjkanje ustrezne infrastrukture za zbiranje in ločevanje, nizko stopnjo ozaveščenosti uporabnikov ter tehnične omejitve v postopkih recikliranja. Kljub omejitvam, se z naprednimi tehnologijami da doseči dober delež recikliranja. Z mehansko separacijo, hidrometalurškimi in pirometalurškimi postopki se omogoča ponovno pridobivanje dragocenih materialov, kot so litij, kobalt, nikelj in baker. Za dolgoročno rešitev je ključno spodbuditi razvoj trajnostnih baterij, okrepiti zakonodajne okvire, povečati delež recikliranih materialov in izboljšati sisteme zbiranja, zato je ključno sodelovanje vseh členov, ki sodelujejo v življenjskem ciklu baterij: od proizvajalcev, trgovcev do končnih porabnikov kot tudi strokovnih služb, ki pripravljajo zakonodajo.The aim of diploma thesis is to study the effect of waste batteries have on the environment and the possibilities for their recycling. Waste batteries represent a significant environmental challenge due to their composition, which includes heavy metals, electrolytes, and other hazardous substances. As the number of electronic devices and electric vehicles worldwide continues to grow, the demand for batteries is also increasing rapidly, making waste batteries an increasingly serious issue for modern society. Improper handling of these batteries can contaminate soil, water, and air, endangering human health and ecosystems, which further emphasizes the need for effective management strategies. Among the main challenges are the lack of proper infrastructure for collection and separation, low user awareness, and technical limitations in recycling processes. Despite these limitations, advanced technologies can achieve a substantial recycling rate. Mechanical separation, hydrometallurgical, and pyrometallurgical processes enable the recovery of valuable materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and copper. For a long-term solution, it is crucial to promote the development of sustainable batteries, strengthen legislation, increase share of recycled materials and improve collection systems. This requires the collaboration of all stakeholders involved in the battery lifecycle: from manufacturers and retailers to end users, as well as expert services responsible for drafting new legislation
Analysis and application of digital image correlation method using digital virtual twin
No full textNaloga obravnava metodo digitalne korelacije slik (DIC) za določanje polj pomikov in deformacij na podlagi sivinskih vrednosti zaporedja slik. V okolju Wolfram Mathematica je bila razvita lastna implementacija korelacijskega postopka, pri čemer je bilo ujemanje podobmočij vrednoteno s kriterijem ZNSSD. Pravilnost algoritma je bila preverjena na sintetično deformiranih slikah z vnaprej znanimi referenčnimi parametri translacije in raztezka, kar je omogočilo neposredno kvantifikacijo napak. Rezultati osnovne metode brez interpolacije so pokazali pravilno sledenje trendom, vendar omejeno natančnost zaradi celoštevilskih premikov. Z uvedbo sub-pikselnih pristopov in primerjavo z rezultati programa MatchID je bila potrjena skladnost izračunov ter identificirani ključni vplivi izbranih parametrov analize.This thesis addresses the digital image correlation (DIC) method for determining displacement and strain fields based on grayscale values from an image sequence. A dedicated correlation workflow was developed in Wolfram Mathematica, with subset matching evaluated using the ZNSSD criterion. The algorithm was validated on synthetically deformed images with predefined reference parameters for translation and stretching, enabling direct error quantification. The results of the basic approach without interpolation captured the expected trends, yet exhibited limited accuracy due to integer-pixel displacement estimates. With the introduction of sub-pixel procedures and a comparison against the MatchID software, the consistency of the computed results was confirmed and the key influences of analysis parameters were identified
Prešernoslovska "španska vas": Prešernova recepcija iberskega baroka kot siva lisa prešernoslovja
No full textPrispevek raziskuje razloge, zakaj je Prešernova plodna recepcija španskega in portugalskega baroka med slovenskimi prešernoslovci ostala skoraj v celoti prezrta. Vzroke za pomanjkljivo obravnavo pesnikovih stikov z iberskim polisistemom zasleduje vse od prvih prešernoslovcev dalje in pokaže, kako in zakaj je (sicer očitni) baročni substrat Sonetov nesreče, ki so ga v prvi vrsti navdihnili španski zlatoveški pesniki in Camões, sprva zamolčan, kasneje pa zmotno interpretiran zgolj v luči romantičnega svetobolja.This article explores the reasons that led to the fact that Prešeren’s fruitful reception of the Spanish and Portuguese Baroque remained almost completely ignored among Slovenian Prešeren scholars. It traces the reasons for the poor treatment of the poet’s contacts with the Iberian polysystem from the first Prešeren scholars onward, and it shows how and why the (otherwise obvious) Baroque substrate of Sonetje nesreče (Sonnets of Unhappiness), which was primarily inspired by the Spanish Golden Age poets and Camões, was initially silenced, and later erroneously interpreted only in the light of Romantic melancholy
Koncept telesne kazni ali "šiba novo mašo poje" v izbranih verskih publikacijah 19. stoletja
No full textV prispevku se sprašujemo, kako so o telesnem kaznovanju pisali nabožni pisci v verskih glasilih v 19. stoletju. Primerjali smo vzgojna besedila škofa Slomška v Drobtinicah in patra Repiča v Cvetju z vertov sv. Frančiška. Z leksikalno analizo smo ugotavljali, katero besedišče učinkuje v smeri krepitve oz. šibitve argumentov in zakaj, ter prepoznavali prisotnost (konceptualnih) metafor in metonimij ter njihovo ubeseditveno razsežnost.This article examines how religious authors wrote about corporal punishment in nineteenth-century religious journals. It compares educational texts by Bishop Slomšek in Drobtinice and Father Repič in Cvetje z vertov sv. Frančiška. Using lexical analysis, it highlights which vocabulary strengthens or weakens the arguments and to what end, identifying the presence of (conceptual) metaphors and metonymies, and their verbal dimension
Students\u27 attitudes toward and knowledge about biodiversity
No full textBiotska raznovrstnost je eden izmed ključnih temeljev življenja na Zemlji, saj zagotavlja stabilnost ekosistemov, prehranske vire, pitno vodo in številne druge naravne dobrine. Kljub temu je v zadnjih desetletjih zaradi človekovih dejavnosti ogrožena bolj kot kadarkoli prej. Nas je zanimalo, kakšno je znanje in zavedanje dijakov ljubljanske regije o biotski raznovrstnosti ter njihov odnos do narave. Pripravili smo vprašalnik, ki je bil zasnovan tako, da je meril teoretično poznavanje osnovnih pojmov in procesov v naravi, hkrati pa tudi odnos udeležencev do narave in razumevanje pomena biodiverzitete za prihodnost. V vzorcu je bilo 597 dijakov vseh štirih letnikov ljubljanskih gimnazij in drugih srednjih šol. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da imajo dijaki na splošno dobro teoretično znanje o biotski raznovrstnosti in s tem povezanih konceptih. Njihovi odgovori potrjujejo, da v teoretičnem smislu razumejo osnovne zakonitosti narave ter pomen ravnovesja med različnimi vrstami v ekosistemu. Večina dijakov je izrazila tudi pozitiven odnos do ohranjanja narave in živih bitij. Iz njihovih stališč je razvidno zavedanje, da je ohranjanje biodiverzitete pomembno za prihodnost človeštva. Kljub temu pa rezultati nakazujejo, da pri dijakih pogosto obstaja razkorak med teoretičnim znanjem in dejanskim, izkustvenim doživljanjem narave. Dijaki sicer poznajo definicije in pojme, vendar pa njihov stik z naravo pogosto ostaja omejen. To kaže na potrebo, da se v izobraževalni proces vključi več terenskega dela, praktičnih primerov in izkustvenih dejavnosti, ki mladim omogočajo poglobljeno razumevanje naravnih procesov.Biodiversity represents one of the fundamental pillars of life on Earth, as it ensures the stability of ecosystems, the availability of food resources, drinking water and numerous other natural goods. Nevertheless, in recent decades, it has been more severely threatened by human activities than ever before. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and awareness of secondary school students in the Ljubljana region regarding biodiversity, as well as their attitudes toward nature. A questionnaire was designed to assess both the theoretical understanding of fundamental natural concepts and processes, and the participants’ attitudes toward nature and their comprehension of the significance of biodiversity for the future. The sample consisted of 597 students from all four grade levels of Ljubljana’s grammar schools and other secondary schools. The findings indicate that students generally possess a solid theoretical understanding of biodiversity and related concepts. Their responses confirm that, at a theoretical level, they comprehend the fundamental principles governing nature and the importance of maintaining balance among various species within ecosystems. The majority of students also expressed a positive attitude toward the preservation of nature and living organisms. Their views reflect an awareness that conserving biodiversity is essential for the future of humankind. However, the results also suggest that there often exists a discrepancy between students’ theoretical knowledge and their actual, experiential engagement with nature. While students are familiar with definitions and concepts, their direct interaction with nature frequently remains limited. This underscores the need to integrate more fieldwork, practical examples, and experiential learning activities into the educational process, thereby enabling young people to develop a deeper understanding of natural processes
Impact of raw material composition on specific technological parameters of buckwheat beer
No full textV magistrskem delu smo ovrednotili tehnološke parametre sladice, pivine in piva,
pripravljenih iz ječmenovega slada (J), ajdovega slada (A), mešanice 50 %
ječmenovega in ajdovega slada (AJ) ter mešanice 70 % ječmenovega slada in 30 %
ajde (JS). Rezultate smo analizirali z uporabo standardnih laboratorijskih metod in
analiznega sistema CDR BeerLab®. V treh ponovitvah poskusa smo v različnih fazah
procesa spremljali naslednje parametre: vsebnost ekstrakta, viskoznost sladice,
vsebnost prostega aminokislinskega dušika (FAN), intenzivnost fermentacije,
vsebnost alkohola, grenčico v pivu, pH, barvo in nekatere druge. Sladica A je imela
značilno najmanjšo vsebnost ekstrakta, najmanj intenzivno fermentacijo in najmanjšo
vsebnost alkohola v pivu. Nasprotno je sladica J vsebovala značilno največ ekstrakta,
fermentacija je potekala najintenzivneje, pivo pa je imelo največjo vsebnost alkohola.
Vrsti piva AJ in JS sta imeli večino izmerjenih parametrov v različnih fazah procesa
značilno manjših od piva J in značilno večjih od piva A. Viskoznost sladice se je
povečevala z večjim deležem ajdovega slada ali ajde. Vsebnost FAN je bila največja
v sladici A in AJ ter občutno manjša pri sladici J in JS. Barva sladice in piva je z
dodatkom ajdovega slada ali ajde postala temnejša. Prisotnost ajde oz. ajdovega slada
ni vplival na vsebnost grenčice. Med vrednostmi pH pred fermentacijo ni bilo razlik,
po fermentaciji pa so se v vseh vzorcih znižale (najvišji pH je imel vzorec A, najnižji
pa J). Meritve z analitskim sistemom BeerLab® so za tri parametre (alkohol, grenčica
in FAN) pokazale močno korelacijo z rezultati standardnih metod, ob nekolikšnem
odstopanju absolutnih vrednosti.In this master\u27s thesis, we evaluated the technological parameters of wort and beer
prepared from barley malt (J), buckwheat malt (A), a 50% blend of barley and
buckwheat malt (AJ), and a blend of 70% barley malt and 30% buckwheat (JS). The
results were analysed using standard laboratory methods and the CDR BeerLab®
analysis system. In three replicates of the experiment, the following parameters were
monitored at different stages of the process: extract content, wort viscosity, free amino
acid nitrogen (FAN) content, fermentation intensity, alcohol content, bitterness in
beer, pH, colour, and others. Wort A had the lowest extract content, the least intense
fermentation, and the lowest alcohol content in beer. In contrast, wort J contained the
highest extract, fermentation was most intense, and the beer had the highest alcohol
content. Beer types AJ and JS had most measured parameters at different stages of the
process significantly lower than beer J and significantly higher than beer A. The
viscosity of the wort increased with a higher proportion of buckwheat malt or
buckwheat. The content of FAN was highest in wort A and AJ and was significantly
lower in wort J and JS. The color of the wort and beer became darker with the addition
of buckwheat malt or buckwheat. The presence of buckwheat or buckwheat malt did
not affect the bitterness content. There were no differences between the pH values
before fermentation, but after fermentation they decreased in all samples (highest pH
in sample A, lowest in J). Measurements with the BeerLab® analytical system showed
a strong correlation with the results of standard methods for three parameters (alcohol,
bitterness, and FAN), despite slight deviations in absolute values
A firm-level analysis of global value chain participation effects
No full textThis paper deals with global value chain (hereafter GVC) participation at firm level and analyses the impact of participation on firms’ TFP. It proposes a novel metric for GVC involvement at firm level, encompassing both backward and forward linkages, akin to the macro-level measure. The analysis delves into aspects not systematically explored in prior literature, including a firm’s linkage direction (forward or backward), extent of involvement (regional European or global) and organisational forms (vertical integration or outsourcing). Methodologically, it utilises the PSM-DID method—applying DDD where appropriate—and assess whether GVC participation fosters productivity (i.e. test for the learning effect) based on the population of Slovenian firms over the 2013–2022 period. Sensitivity analysis examines variations in thresholds for GVC participation and distinct pre- and post-treatment periods. GVC participation increases firm productivity, driven mainly by forward linkages and regional European involvement. Distinct organisational forms of GVC participating firms are found not to have systematically different effects on firm productivity
The relationship between sleep quality, stress, and work engagement in elite handball players
No full textVrhunski rokometaši so izpostavljeni velikim telesnim in psihičnim obremenitvam, ki lahko vplivajo na njihovo re-generacijo, telesno zmogljivost in delovno zavzetost. Na-men raziskave je bil proučiti razmerje med kakovostjo spa-nja, stresom in delovno zavzetostjo, pri čemer smo izhajali iz modela zahtev in virov dela (JD-R) ter modela napora in okrevanja (ER). V 60-dnevni študiji smo 39 profesionalnih rokometašev (20 moških in 19 žensk) spremljali na podlagi objektivnih (pametni prstan Oura) in subjektivnih ocen spa-nja. Rezultati so pokazali, da je čas do uspavanja edini stati-stično značilen posrednik med stresom in delovno zavzeto-stjo. Športniki, ki zaspijo hitreje, kljub stresu ohranjajo večjo delovno zavzetost. Preizkušanci so poročali o višji kakovosti spanja po tekmah, medtem ko so objektivne meritve poka-zale nižjo kakovost spanja. Ugotovitve raziskave poudarjajo pomen kakovostnega spanja, zlasti trajanja časa do prehoda v spanje, ki se je izkazal kot ključni dejavnik za ohranjanje psihološke pripravljenosti in športne uspešnosti.Ključne besede: delovni stres, kakovost spanja, delovna zavze-tost, model zahtev in virov dela, model napora in okrevanja.Elite handball players are frequently exposed to high physical and psychological demands, which can affect their recovery, physi-cal performance, and work engagement. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between sleep quality, stress, and engagement, based on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model and the Effort–Recovery (ER) model. Over a 60-day period, we monitored 39 professional handball players (20 men, 19 women) using both objective (Oura ring) and subjective sleep assess-ments. The results showed that sleep onset latency was the only statistically significant mediator in the relationship between stress and engagement athletes who fell asleep more quickly maintained higher engagement despite elevated stress levels. Subjectively, athletes reported better sleep quality after matches, while objective measurements revealed lower sleep efficiency during those nights. These findings highlight the importance of high-quality sleep particularly shorter time to sleep onset as a protective factor for psychological readiness and sustained athletic performance
Hospitalno breme, stroški in značilnosti periferne arterijske bolezni v Sloveniji
No full textAims: We assessed inpatient burden, costs, demographics, co-morbidity patterns, and outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in Slovenia.
Methods: We included patients hospitalised for PAD (primary diagnosis international classification of disease, tenth revision code I70.2–I70.9) in Slovenia between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2022. We estimated crude and age-standardised hospitalisation rates, hospitalisation reimbursement costs, patient characteristics (age and sex distribution, disease severity and prevalence of co-morbidities), uptake of revascularisation, major amputations and in-hospital mortality.
Results: We included 15,978 patients (60% men, median age 72 years, 32% chronic limb-threatening ischemia) with 27,139 hospital episodes yielding a mean of ~3,400 hospitalisations per year (hospitalisation rate 161 per 100,000/year). Median direct cost (inflation-adjusted to 2025) per hospital episode was €3,177, yielding total costs of €10.8 million/year. The most common co-morbidities were arterial hypertension (35%), dyslipidemia (21%) and diabetes mellitus (19%), with a significantly higher prevalence in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. During the observation period, revascularisation procedures increased from 77.5% to 80.2%, while major amputations decreased from 13.2% to 7.9% and mortality decreased from 5.0% to 3.3%.
Conclusion: The inpatient burden of PAD is considerable in Slovenia. Patients hospitalised for PAD have a high burden of co-morbidities, especially when presenting with chronic limb-threatening ischaemianonetheless, in-hospital major amputations and mortality decreased substantially over the last decade.Namen: Ocenili smo stopnjo hospitalizacij, direktne stroške, značilnosti bolnikov in breme sočasnih bolezni ter bolnišnične izide zaradi periferne arterijske bolezni (PAB) v Sloveniji.
Metode: V analizo smo vključili bolnike, hospitalizirane zaradi PAB (glavna diagnoza I70.2–I70.9 po Mednarodni klasifikaciji bolezni, 10. izdaja) v Sloveniji med 1. januarjem 2015 in 31. decembrom 2022. Ocenili smo stopnjo hospitalizacij, direktne stroške, značilnosti bolnikov (starost, spol, izraženost bolezni in sočasne bolezni) ter delež revaskularizacij, velikih amputacij uda in bolnišničo umrljivost.
Rezultati: Vključili smo 15.978 bolnikov (60 % moških, mediana starost 72 let32 % s kronično kritično ishemijo uda) s 27.139 hospitalizacijami, kar predstavlja povprečno ~3.400 hospitalizacij/leto (stopnja hospitalizacij 161,4 na 100.000 prebivalcev/leto). Mediani direktni stroški (prilagojeni za inflacijo do 2025) so bili 3.177€ za hospitalno epizodo oziorma 10,8 milijonov €/leto. Najpogostejše sočasne bolezni so bile arterijska hipertenzija (35 %), dislipidemija (21 %) in sladkorna bolezen (19 %)statistično značilno so bile pogostejše pri bolnikih s kronično kritično ishemijo uda. V opazovanem obdobju je delež revaskularizacij narasel s 77,5 na 80,2 %, medtem ko je delež velikih amputacij upadel s 13,2 na 7,9 %, umrljovost pa s 5,0 na 3,3 %.
Zaključek: Breme hospitalizacij zaradi PAB je v Sloveniji precejšnje. Hospitalizirani bolniki s PAB imajo veliko breme sočasnih bolezni, zlasti ko gre za kronično kritično ishemijo uda. Kljub temu so velike amputacije in bolnišnična umrljivost pri bolnikih s PAB v zadnjem desetletju znatno upadle