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Materialne prakse v kraški krajini jugovzhodnega Velebita v dolgoročni perspektivi
No full textThe study explores the landscape of the Dinaric karst, focusing on the southeastern Velebit case study in Croatia. Field survey and aerial imaging methods have been applied to gather data about landscape elements. The results are analyzed through non-representational theories: actor-network theory (ANT), and assemblage theory, which are used to examine the specific characteristics of the karst landscape. The Dinaric karst landscape is a unique archaeological environment due to the lack of soil, which leads to the formation of surface structures and the absence of subsurface contexts that are crucial in archaeology. The karst landscape exhibits continuous surface changes that operate on the same temporal plane.Študija raziskuje krajino Dinarskega krasa, pri čemer se osredotoča na primer jugovzhodnega Velebita na Hrvaškem. Uporabljene so bile metode terenskega pregleda in zračnega slikanja za zbiranje podatkov o elementih krajine. Rezultati se analizirajo s pomočjo teorij, ki ne temeljijo na reprezentaciji: teorija omrežja akterjev (ANT) in assemblage teorija, ki se uporabljata za preučevanje specifičnih značilnosti kraške krajine. Kraška pokrajina Dinarskega krasa je edinstveno arheološko okolje zaradi pomanjkanja tal, kar vodi v oblikovanje površinskih struktur, in pomanjkanja podpovršinskih kontekstov, ki so ključni v arheologiji. Kraška pokrajina kaže nenehne površinske spremembe, ki delujejo na isti časovni ravni
Northern outposts of the Dolenjska Hallstatt group in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C.
No full textV doktorski disertaciji avtor obravnava poselitvene vzorce in vlogo gradišč na severnem delu teritorija dolenjske halštatske kulturne skupine v 5. in 4. stoletju pr. n. št. Območje raziskave sega od Kamnika z okolico prek Posavskega hribovja do Radeč, kjer so bila predvsem s pomočjo lidarskih podatkov v zadnjih letih prepoznana številna nova arheološka najdišča. Glavno raziskovalno vprašanje se nanaša na vlogo manjših, pogosto obrobnih gradiš, ki so tam nastala šele v mladohalštatskem obdobju. Raziskava temelji na kombinaciji preučevanja materialne kulture, prostorskih analiz z uporabo GIS orodij, statističnih metod ter teoretskih konceptov procesne in poprocesne arheologije.
Rezultati kažejo, da so bila gradišča strateško umeščena na vizualno izpostavljenih legah, pogosto v bližini domnevnih prometnih koridorjev in rudišč. Modelirana prometna in vidnostna omrežja kažejo, da je obstajal visok potencal za tesno povezanost gradišč in nakazujejo obstoj lokalnih gradiščnih skupnosti.
Kljub metodološkim omejitvam, predvsem pomanjkanju sistematičnih izkopavanj, doktorska disertacija ponuja nov vpogled v prostorsko organizacijo obravnavanega območja. Poudarja pomen povezav med gradišči v železnodobni krajini in predlaga analitični okvir, uporaben tudi v širših arheoloških prostorskih študijah.The doctoral thesis examines settlement patterns and the role of hillforts in the northern part of the territory of the Dolenjska Hallstatt cultural group during the 5th and 4th Centuries BC. The research area stretches from Kamnik and its surroundings, across the Posavje Hills to Radeče, where numerous new archaeological sites, primarily hillforts have been identified in recent years, mainly through the use of LiDAR data. The main research question concerns the role of smaller, often peripheral hillforts that emerged in this region only during the Late Hallstatt period. The study is based on a combination of material culture analysis, spatial analyses using GIS tools, statistical methods, and theoretical concepts of processual and post-processual archaeology.
The results show that hillforts were strategically located in visually prominent positions, often near presumed communication corridors and ore deposits. Modeled movement and visibility networks indicate a high potential for close connectivity between hillforts and suggest the existence of local hillfort communities.
Despite methodological limitationsm particularly the lack of systematic excavations, the dissertation offers a new perspective on the spatial organization of the studied area. It highlights the importance of connections between hillforts within the Iron Age landscape and proposes an analytical framework that is also applicable to broader archaeological spatial studies
Pre-service teachers’ attitudes and knowledge of international large-scale assessments and their role in school quality assurance
No full textInternational large-scale assessments such as PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS, and TALIS are among the most important tools available to policymakers and educational stakeholders for informing evidence-based decision-making in quality assurance processes. However,little is known about how pre-service teachers understand and evaluate the usefulness of this research. This study investigated preservice teachers\u27 attitudes towards the role of international large-scale assessments in quality assurance processes, as well as their factual knowledge in this field. We conducted a web-based survey of 85 master’s students, which included an attitude scale and a knowledge test. The results showed that participants generally expressed positive attitudes towards using international large-scale assessment results in quality processes, but their factual knowledge was low. Furthermore, we found that factual knowledge did not differ significantly between students with very positive and those with less positive attitudes, as the Mann–Whitney test was not statistically significant (p = .186) and the effect size was small (r = .16PS = .582). These findings indicate a gap between endorsement of international large-scale assessments and the knowledge required for informed use, suggesting that initial teacher education should integrate compulsory, practice-oriented international large-scale assessment literacy (e.g., interpreting national reports, subgroup gaps, and translating results into lesson planning and school self-evaluation)
How can the preferences of policy makers be operationalised in optimum control problems with macroeconometric models?
No full textIn this paper, we use the results of a survey among Slovenian politicians in order to design an objective function for an optimal control problem with a macroeconometric model for fiscal policy in Slovenia that takes account of policy makers’ preferences. The paper discusses three different scenarios in which the policy preferences revealed in interviews can be included in the objective functions of the control problems. These objective functions are then used to calculate optimal fiscal policies for the Slovenian economy until 2030. For this purpose, we utilise the macroeconometric model SLOPOL10 and the OPTCON2 algorithm. The results indicate qualitatively similar behaviour of the optimised dynamic system and a better performance (lower values of the loss due to deviation from “ideal” paths) from a ranking-based approach than from an ad-hoc assumption of policy makers’ preferences. We sketch how to integrate the approach in a decision-support system for macroeconomic policy design
Students’ Views on Machine Translation Tools When Writing in a Foreign Language for Specific Purposes
No full textUspešno pisanje v tujem strokovnem jeziku zahteva kombinacijo jezikovnega, strokovnega in žanrskega znanja, pri čemer strojni prevajalniki lahko olajšajo jezikovne izzive, a ne nadomestijo razumevanja konteksta in diskurzivnih praks. Naša raziskava obravnava področje uporabe strojnoprevajalskih orodij pri pisanju v nemščini kot tujem strokovnem jeziku v kontekstu slovenskega visokošolskega prostora. V raziskavi smo podatke zbirali z metodo fokusne skupine na vzorcu dodiplomskih študentov ekonomskih in poslovnih ved Univerze v Ljubljani in Univerze v Mariboru. Raziskava je pokazala, da študenti orodja uporabljajo pragmatično, pri čemer cenijo njihovo dostopnost in hitrost, a opozarjajo na potrebo po kritični presoji rezultatov zaradi nenatančnosti prevodov. Razlike med srednješolskim in visokošolskim pristopom v rabi strojnih prevajalnikov v učnem procesu kažejo na potrebo po posodobitvi pedagoških praks, zato s prispevkom želimo spodbuditi razpravo o priložnostih in izzivih vpeljave rabe strojnih prevajalnikov v učni proces.Successful writing in a foreign language for specific purposes requires a combination of linguistic, professional, and genre knowledge. Machine translation tools can help address linguistic challenges, but they cannot replace understanding of context or discursive practices. This study examines the use of machine translation tools in writing in German as a foreign language for specific purposes within Slovenian higher education. Data were collected through a focus group with undergraduate students of economics and business at the University of Ljubljana and the University of Maribor. The findings show that students use these tools pragmatically, valuing their accessibility and speed, while also noting the need for critical evaluation of outputs due to frequent inaccuracies. Differences between secondary and higher education approaches to machine translation use point to the need to update teaching practices. Accordingly, the article seeks to stimulate discussion on the opportunities and challenges of integrating machine translation tools into the learning process
Ergonomic Assessment of the Office Workplace for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders
No full textMagistrsko delo obravnava problematiko kostno-mišičnih obolenj pri pisarniških
delavcih, ki izvirajo iz neustrezno ergonomsko urejenih delovnih okolij. Z ergonomsko
oceno lahko identificiramo ključna opravila, nepravilnosti ali pomanjkljivosti, ki vplivajo
na varno in zdravo delo. Glede na ugotovitve je treba določiti tudi ukrepe za zmanjšanje
nepravilnosti. Dodatno smo z anketnim vprašalnikom, razposlanim med zaposlene na
Univerzi v Ljubljani, Fakulteti za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, preverjali vpliv
različnih dejavnikov (npr. vrsta delovne opreme, ure sedenja, ure dela z računalnikom,
vrsta elektronske naprave, aktivni odmori, fizična aktivnost zaposlenih idr.) na pojavnost
kostno-mišičnih obolenj. Ergonomska ocena delovnega mesta je potekala v pisarni
odprtega tipa, veliki približno 20 m². V sklopu ocenjevanja delovnega mesta smo merili
mikroklimatske pogoje (toplotne, osvetlitvene in slušne razmere) ter izvedli tudi
ocenjevanje delovnih položajev s pomočjo metode RULA. Na podlagi meritev je delovno
mesto glede na toplotne razmere ustrezno, prav tako so ustrezne osvetlitvene razmere.
Glede na kriterij nevarnosti za poklicno naglušnost so meritve pod dovoljeno mejo 87 dB,
presežena pa je dovoljena vrednost glede na kriterij za nemoteno delo. Rezultati
ocenjevanja delovnih položajev so podali vrednost 3, kar nakazuje na zmerno tveganje za
nastanek kostno-mišičnih obolenj, pri čemer so bili najbolj obremenjeni predeli telesa,
kot so vrat, ramena in zapestja. Rezultati ankete, ki jo je izpolnilo 49 zaposlenih, so
pokazali visoko pojavnost kostno-mišičnih obolenj (86 % anketirancev je potrdilo
pojavnost bolečin ali nelagodij v določenem predelu telesa). Bolečine so pri anketirancih
najpogostejše v vratu, ramenih in spodnjem delu hrbta. S pomočjo statistične analize sem
potrdila, da so ženske bolj nagnjene h kostno-mišičnim obolenjem, predvsem v predelu
ramen in vratu. Kljub temu da so anketiranci potrdili dostopnost ergonomske opreme,
anketa ni pokazala statistično značilne povezave med ustreznostjo ergonomske delovne
opreme in zmanjšanjem bolečin. Potrdila se je statistična povezava med kombinirano
uporabo prenosnega in stacionarnega računalnika ter pojavnostjo bolečin v zgornjem delu
hrbta. Potrdila se je tudi statistično značilna povezava med izvajanjem aktivnih odmorov
in manjšo pojavnostjo bolečin. Z magistrskim delom želim poudariti pomen celovitega
pristopa k preprečevanju kostno-mišičnih obolenj, ki združujejo tehnične, organizacijske
in tudi izobraževalne ukrepe.This master\u27s thesis addresses the issue of musculoskeletal disorders among office
workers resulting from poorly designed work environments. An ergonomic assessment
can identify key tasks, irregularities, or shortcomings that affect safe and healthy work.
Based on the findings, measures to reduce these irregularities must also be determined.
In addition, using a questionnaire distributed among employees at the University of
Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, we examined the impact of
various factors (e.g. type of work equipment, hours spent sitting, hours spent working on
a computer, type of electronic device, active breaks, physical activity of employees, etc.)
on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. The ergonomic assessment of the
workplace was carried out in an open-plan office measuring approximately 20 m². As part
of the workplace assessment, we measured microclimatic conditions (thermal, lighting,
and auditory stress) and assessed working positions using the RULA method. Based on
the measurements, the workplace is adequate in terms of thermal stress, and the lighting
conditions are also adequate. For the criterion of risk of occupational hearing loss, the
measurements are below the permissible limit of 87 dB, but the permissible value for
undisturbed work is exceeded. The results of the work position assessment gave a value
of 3, indicating a moderate risk of musculoskeletal disorders, with the most stressed areas
of the body being the neck, shoulders, and wrists. The results of the survey, completed by
49 employees, showed a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (86 % of
respondents reported pain or discomfort in a specific part of the body). The most common
areas of pain among respondents were the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Statistical
analysis confirmed that women are more prone to musculoskeletal disorders, especially
in the shoulder and neck areas. Although respondents confirmed the availability of
ergonomic equipment, the survey did not show a statistically significant correlation
between the adequacy of ergonomic work equipment and pain reduction. A statistical
correlation was confirmed between the combined use of portable and stationary
computers and the occurrence of pain in the upper back. A statistically significant
correlation was also confirmed between taking active breaks and a lower incidence of
pain. With this master\u27s thesis, I wish to emphasize the importance of a comprehensive
approach to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, combining technical,
organizational, and educational measures
Development banks
No full textThis paper offers a comprehensive analysis of financial performance of development banks encompassing profitability, cost efficiency, liquidity, loan quality, loan loss provisioning and capital adequacy. We examine differences in financial performance between development banks and commercial financial institutions and extend the analysis to study the relationship between financial performance and heterogeneity within the development banking sector. Heterogeneity in bank size, operational focus, level of ownership and geographical scope of operation are shown to be associated with financial performance of development banks. Moreover, there are notable differences based on their specific mandates. Development banks following narrow mandates tend to have lower cost efficiency indicators and experience lower loan quality, provisioning adequacy and capital adequacy compared to their broadly mandated counterparts
Laser surface hardening of Dievar steel
No full textV magistrskem delu je preučeno lasersko površinsko utrjevanje orodnega jekla Dievar z uporabo pulznega Nd:YAG laserja ECO 2600. V literaturi je lasersko utrjevanje orodnih jekel večinoma izvedeno z industrijskimi visokozmogljivimi laserji, medtem ko so raziskave uporabe laboratorijskih Nd:YAG laserjev za ta namen redkejše. Namen raziskave je bil preveriti uporabnost laboratorijskega laserja za učinkovito površinsko utrjevanje brez ablacije materiala ter določiti optimalne procesne parametre. Eksperimentalni del je obsegal lasersko obdelavo vzorcev v treh različno toplotno obdelanih stanjih, metalografsko analizo mikrostrukture, meritve trdote in analizo hrapavosti površine. Rezultati so pokazali nastanek fine martenzitne mikrostrukture v površinskem sloju ter več kot trikratno povečanje trdote v primerjavi z osnovnim materialom. Globina in širina utrjene cone sta bili odvisni od začetne mikrostrukture materiala. Ugotovitve potrjujejo, da je z ustrezno izbiro parametrov mogoče tudi z laboratorijskim Nd:YAG laserjem doseči primerljive učinke laserskega površinskega utrjevanja kot pri industrijskih sistemih.In this master’s thesis, laser surface hardening of Dievar hot-work tool steel using a pulsed Nd:YAG ECO 2600 laser was investigated. In the literature, laser hardening of tool steels is predominantly performed using high-power industrial laser systems, whereas studies focusing on the use of laboratory Nd:YAG lasers for this purpose are less common. The aim of the research was to evaluate the applicability of a laboratory laser for effective surface
hardening without material ablation and to determine optimal process parameters. The experimental work included laser treatment of specimens in three different heat-treated conditions, metallographic analysis of the microstructure, hardness measurements, and surface roughness analysis. The results showed the formation of a fine martensitic microstructure in the surface layer and more than a threefold increase in hardness compared to the base material. The depth and width of the hardened zone were found to depend on the initial microstructure of the material. The findings confirm that, with an appropriate selection of parameters, a laboratory Nd:YAG laser can achieve laser surface hardening effects comparable to those obtained with industrial laser systems
Sleep of children with autism spectrum disorders
No full textSpanje sodi med osnovne človekove potrebe. Kvalitetno in dovolj dolgo spanje je ključno v vseh življenjskih obdobjih. Pomanjkanje spanja lahko privede do poslabšanja posameznih kognitivnih funkcij, sprememb na socialnem in čustvenem področju ter poslabšanja telesnega zdravja. Pravzaprav ni področja človeškega delovanja, ki ga pomanjkanje spanja ne bi prizadelo. Otroci z motnjami avtističnega spektra (MAS) spadajo med ranljivejše skupine v smislu velike soobolevnosti, kamor sodijo tudi težave na področju spanja. Le-te še dodatno ojačajo avtistično simptomatiko, kar lahko vodi do slabše učinkovitosti intervencij za uravanavanje vedenja, učenja socialnih veščin in/ali govora oziroma komunikacije in posledično slabšega oziroma počasnejšega napredka posameznika na omenjenih področjih. Prav zaradi tega je nujno širjenje ozaveščenosti o motnjah spanja pri otrocih z MAS in hkrati njihovo razreševanje s pomočjo znanstveno dokazanih intervencij. Vedenjske intervencije za obvladovanje motenj spanja pri otrocih so se izkazale kot eden najučinkovitejših pristopov k uravnavanju motenj spanja tudi pri otrocih z MAS. Na tak način lahko posredno vplivamo na boljšo dojemljivost in sodelovanje pri otrocih z MAS pri drugih intervencijah, kar lahko vpliva na hitrejši in boljši napredek na posameznih področjih učenja (socialne veščine, govor oziroma komunikacija ipd.). Prepoznavanje in ustrezno zdravljenje motenj spanja pri otrocih z MAS je povezano s celokupno boljšo kakovostjo življenja otroka kot tudi celotne družine. V prispevku predstavljamo glavne značilnosti spanja pri otrocih z MAS, pomen ustreznega prepoznavanja motenj spanja ter poglavitne nefarmakološke in farmakološke pristope za obvladovanje najpogostejše motnje spanja pri otrocih z MAS, nespečnosti.Sleep is fundamental to human well-being, playing a pivotal role throughout the lifespan. Insufficient sleep adversely impacts cognitive functions, emotional stability, physical health, and social interactions. Among populations with heightened susceptibility to sleep disturbances, children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) stand out. Research indicates that sleep challenges amplify autistic symptoms, undermining the efficacy of interventions targeting behavioral regulation, social skills acquisition, and speech or communication development, consequently stalling progress in these domains. Thus, recognizing and addressing sleep disorders in ASD children is of paramount importance. Behavioral interventions have emerged as a leading approach for managing sleep disorders in this population, potentially enhancing their receptivity and engagement in other therapeutic measures. This leads to accelerated progress in areas such as social interaction and communication capabilities. Early diagnosis and effective management of sleep disturbances in children with ASD not only augments their quality of life but also promotes familial well-being. This article delineates the distinctive sleep patterns observed in children with ASD, underscores the significance of early sleep disorder diagnosis, and reviews the primary non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies employed in the management of most common sleep disorder in children with MAS, insomnia
Vplivi napovedanih varnostnih testiranj z ribarjenjem na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih
No full textEveryone is familiar with phishing, a cyber attack that aims to steal sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in electronic communications.
When working in a corporate environment, employees are often the first line of defence against such attacks.
To enhance their ability to recognize and respond to phishing attempts, organizations frequently conduct simulated phishing tests.
This thesis explores the effects of these simulated phishing tests on employee morale within a corporate setting.
The study was carried out in a mid-sized company, where employees were informed about the phishing tests in advance to ensure transparency.
We surveyed employees before and after a pre-announced phishing simulation (N = 244, n = 73 repeated).
Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant Survey * Phished interaction on job satisfaction.Ribarjenje je tip kibernetskega napada, katerega namen je kraja občutljivih informacij z lažnim predstavljanjem kot zaupanja vredna entiteta v elektronski komunikaciji.
V poslovnem okolju so prav zaposleni pogosto prva obrambna linija pred tovrstnimi napadi.
Za izboljšanje njihove sposobnosti prepoznavanja in odzivanja na poskuse napadov z ribarjenjem organizacije pogosto izvajajo varnostna testiranja.
Pričujoče diplomsko delo kaže njihov vpliv na moralo zaposlenih v poslovnem okolju.
Raziskava je bila izvedena v srednje velikem podjetju, kjer so bili zaposleni z namenom zagotavljanja transparentnosti o izvajanju testiranja vnaprej obveščeni.
Izvedli smo dve anketi, in sicer pred in po vnaprej napovedani simulaciji ribarjenja (N = 244, n = 73 ponovljenih).
Analiza variance z večkratnimi meritvami ni pokazala statistično pomembnega vpliva interakcije Survey * Phished na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih