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Probabilistic clinical target definition with nearest neighbor correlation
No full textObjective. The delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV) in radiotherapy is fundamentally uncertain due to the invisibility of microscopic disease on medical images. The ICRU 83 report acknowledges this by proposing a probabilistic interpretation of the CTV, but it does not define how to compute the probability of microscopic tumor presence (MTP) in tissue. This work addresses this gap by introducing a novel stochastic model that estimates the probability of MTP at the voxel level based on local spatial correlations in the voxels’ neighborhood. Approach. We developed two first-principles stochastic models to simulate MTP under different assumptions, incorporating spatial correlation between neighboring voxels. The constant marginal probability (CMP) model assumes spatially uniform MTP and is suited for tumors without radial dependence on the distance from the gross tumor volume (GTV). The variable marginal probability (VMP) model introduces radial dependence, modeling decreasing MTP with distance from the GTV. The CMP model was evaluated on prostate cancer data, while the VMP model was assessed using breast and lung cancer data. Results. Both models accurately reproduced the fraction of times that MTP is present. In the prostate case, the CMP model estimated a marginal probability of MTP of 0.03, consistent with a literature report that indicates an average total microscopic tumor volume of approximately 583 mm across patients. The VMP model successfully replicated the radial distribution of tumor islets, achieving mean absolute errors of 0.01 mm and 0.011 mm for breast and lung cancer distance distributions, respectively. However, not all MTP characteristics could be fully captured by the models, and in some cases discrepancies with population based tumor characteristics remain. Significance. This work introduces a statistically consistent framework that enables a probabilistic definition of the CTV. The proposed models provide a new way to capture key aspects of microscopic disease spread by introducing local voxel correlations
From farm to force
No full textThe EU-wide agricultural protests in 2023–2024 have highlighted the systemic challenges of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), but have only served to block the agenda for the environmental transformation of agriculture. Building on the literature on popular movements and the (post-) exceptionalist CAP, this article argues that the outcome was shaped not only by the co-optation of regressive populism by established actors, but also by a conservative framework of representative and decision-making institutions that locks in (traditional) agricultural interests
Special and rehabilitation educators\u27 personal conceptions and experiences with interdisciplinary teamwork in education and health care
No full textSpecialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi so lahko zaposleni na različnih delovnih mestih, kjer primarno delajo z osebami s posebnimi potrebami, predvsem na področjih zdravstva ter vzgoje in izobraževanja. Obe področji imata določene posebnosti, podobnosti in razlike v načinih delovanja, predvsem pri timskem delu. Specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi večino svojega dela opravijo v različnih strokovnih timih, kjer sodelujejo z različnimi strokovnimi profili. Timsko delo je zelo pomemben element pri njihovem delu, kar potrjujejo različne raziskave ter avtorji. Četudi na obeh omenjenih področjih – v zdravstvu ter na področju vzgoje in izobraževanja – deluje isti poklicni profil, so njihova osebna pojmovanja, izkušnje in doživljanje timskega dela lahko zelo različni. Glavni namen magistrskega dela je preučiti osebna pojmovanja ter izkušnje z interdisciplinarnim timskim delom specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov, ki delajo v vzgoji in izobraževanju ter v zdravstvu. Magistrsko delo izpostavlja teoretična izhodišča o timskem delu specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov na področju zdravstva ter vzgoje in izobraževanja. Utemeljuje pomembnost in potrebnost timskega dela specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov na različnih delovnih mestih ter v različnih ustanovah. V magistrskem delu prav tako opisujemo različna delovna mesta in delovne naloge, ki jih lahko opravljajo specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi na omenjenih področjih dela. V okviru raziskave smo želeli ugotoviti, kakšna osebna pojmovanja imajo specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi o timskem delu z različnimi strokovnjaki pri obravnavi oseb s posebnimi potrebami in kakšne imajo izkušnje z njim. Raziskovalno pozornost smo usmerili na specialne in rehabilitacijske pedagoge kot člane različnih interdisciplinarnih timov v vzgoji in izobraževanju ter zdravstvu. Za namene raziskovanja smo uporabili kvalitativni pristop in znotraj njega tehniko polstrukturiranega intervjuja. Za intervju smo se odločili, ker nam to omogoča, da z vprašanji odprtega tipa ter z možnostjo postavljanja dodatnih podvprašanj dobimo bolj poglobljene odgovore ter bolj specifične informacije o poteku timskega dela specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov. Pri tem smo intervjuvali pet specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov, ki delajo na področju zdravstva in pet s področja vzgoje in izobraževanja. Zbrane intervjuje smo pretvorili v transkripte s pomočjo spletne strani Sonix, ki je vključevala program umetne inteligence za pretvorbo zvočnih posnetkov v besedilo, ki smo jih nato analizirali z metodo analize vsebine. Odgovore na vprašanja smo kategorizirali glede na vsebinske kategorije (odprtokodna kategorizacija) in glede na področje dela posameznih intervjuvancev (v zdravstvu ter v vzgoji in izobraževanju). V okviru raziskovalne pozornosti bo timsko delo specialnega in rehabilitacijskega pedagoga analizirano z vidika izvajanja etap timskega dela, doživljanja timskega dela, prepoznavanja močnih področij posameznega poklicnega profila v timu, delitve vlog in dela znotraj tima, motivacije za timsko delo ter zaznavanja enakovrednosti med člani tima. Raziskava je pokazala, da pri intervjuvankah v zdravstvu in vzgoji ter izobraževanju ni bistvenih razlik v tem, kako te pojmujejo timsko delo, hkrati se njihova osebna pojmovanja ujemajo s strokovnimi opredelitvami timskega dela. Največja razlika je v tem, da se timsko delo na področju zdravstva pogosteje in bolj sistematično izvaja kot na področju vzgoje in izobraževanja.Special and rehabilitation educators can be employed in various positions where they primarily work with persons with special needs, especially in the fields of healthcare and education. Both fields have certain specific characteristics, similarities, and differences in their modes of operation, particularly with regard to teamwork. Special and rehabilitation educators perform most of their work within various professional teams, collaborating with professionals from different disciplines. Teamwork is a very important element of their work, as confirmed by numerous studies and authors. Although the same professional profile operates in both of the previously mentioned fields - healthcare and education - their personal conceptions, experiences, and perceptions of teamwork may differ considerably. The main purpose of this master’s thesis is to examine the personal conceptions and experiences related to interdisciplinary teamwork among special and rehabilitation educators working in education and healthcare. The thesis presents theoretical foundations of teamwork among special and rehabilitation educators in the fields of healthcare and education. It also substantiates the importance and necessity of teamwork for special and rehabilitation educators in various workplaces and institutions. Furthermore, the thesis describes different job positions and work tasks that special and rehabilitation educators may perform. Within the research, we sought to determine what personal conceptions special and rehabilitation educators have about teamwork with professionals from different disciplines when working with persons with special needs, and what experiences they have with such teamwork. The research focus was directed at special and rehabilitation educators as members of various interdisciplinary teams in education and healthcare. For research purposes, we used a qualitative approach, specifically the semi-structured interview technique. We chose interviews because they allow us, through open-ended questions and the possibility of asking follow-up questions, to obtain more in-depth responses and more specific information about the course of teamwork among special and rehabilitation educators. We interviewed five special and rehabilitation educators working in healthcare and five working in education. The collected interviews were transcribed using a website called Sonix, which includes an artificial intelligence program for converting audio recordings into text. The transcripts were then analyzed using the content analysis method. Responses were categorized according to content categories (open coding) and according to the interviewees’ field of work (special and rehabilitation educators in healthcare and in education).Within the research focus, the teamwork of special and rehabilitation educators was analyzed from the perspectives of the implementation of teamwork stages, experiences of teamwork, recognition of the strengths of individual professional profiles within the team, division of roles and tasks within the team, motivation for teamwork, and the perception of equality among team members. The study showed that there are no significant differences between interviewees working in healthcare and in education in how they conceptualize teamwork, and that their personal conceptions are consistent with professional definitions of teamwork. The most notable difference lies in the fact that teamwork in the healthcare sector is carried out more frequently and more systematically than in the field of education
The burning game on graphs
No full textMotivated by the burning and cooling processes, the burning game is introduced. Two players (Burner and Staller) play the game on a graph by alternately selecting vertices of to burnas in the burning process, burning vertices spread fire to unburned neighbors. Burner aims to burn all vertices of as quickly as possible, while Staller wants the process to last as long as possible. If both players play optimally, then the number of time steps needed to burn the whole graph is the game burning number if Burner makes the first move, and the Staller-start game burning number if Staller starts. In this paper, basic bounds on are given and several fundamental properties of the burning game established. Graphs with small game burning numbers are characterized and the game is studied on paths and cycles. An analogue of the burning number conjecture for the burning game is also considered. Finally, it is shown that the problem of determining whether or not is NP-hard
From self-narration to a worldview
No full textBackground: Comorbidity of bipolar disorder and aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders present unique challenges and opportunities in understanding the formation and maintenance of selfhood and worldview in psychopathology. Traditional cognitive models often overlook the narrative and phenomenological dimensions of patient experience, particularly how autobiographical narration and emotionally charged worldviews mediate lived experience. Objectives: This study aims to explore (i) how worldviews are shaped by emotion and memory in psychiatric illness, and (ii) how narrative forms provide existential coherence in psychopathology. The research adopts a multidisciplinary approach integrating psychiatric, phenomenological, linguistic, narratological, and hermeneutic perspectives, through an in-depth case study. Methods: A single-case study design was employed, focusing on "Benjamin," a 60-year-old male with a lifelong history of bipolar disorder type I and suspected Asperger\u27s syndrome. Data sources included clinical interviews, autobiographical writings (five book-length texts), and clinical observation. Analyses were conducted using phenomenological, narratological, and linguistic frameworks to trace the evolution from self-narration to worldview construction. Results: Benjamin\u27s case illustrates a transition from immediate self-description to the development of a coherent, philosophy-like worldview. His autobiographical narratives reveal the interplay between minimal and narrative self, with mood episodes influencing both self-experience and identity coherence. Emotional memories-regardless of factual accuracy-serve as organizing phenomena, providing existential structure and meaning. The study highlights the limitations of cognitive schema theory and underscores the importance of narrative scaffolding and affect-logic in shaping worldviews. Conclusions: The study demonstrates how a multidisciplinary analysis of autobiographical narration can be useful for characterizing emotionally charged worldviews when working with individuals with complex, comorbid and chronic psychiatric disorders. Integrating phenomenological and narratological approaches yields a deeper understanding of selfhood and meaning-making in psychopathology, with implications for clinical assessment and intervention
A method for determining the affected areas of high-Alpine mountain trails
No full textHigh-mountain areas with sensitive ecosystems are experiencing a steady increase in visitation, with visitors progressively moving outside designated trails, generating pressures on the natural environment. In extensive areas with numerous access points, it is difficult to monitor visitors’ movement and resulting impacts. This article describes a method for combining various data sources and approaches to determine affected areas, including their locations and extent. The method combines (1) field-mapping, (2) remote-sensing data display analysis, and (3) processing of publicly available GNSS tracks from sports applications, using 46 test plots along a selected trail to Mount Triglav in Slovenia. Affected-area surfaces and their spatial overlap were compared across the three approaches. The usefulness of remote-sensing displays and GNSS tracks for determining and predicting affected areas was assessed by reference to field measurements. A linear regression model showed that the display-analysis approach can explain 52.7% of the variability in field-mapping approach, while GNSS tracks do not provide enough information nor the accuracy comparable to field surveys. This study can help other researchers and nature-protection managers in selecting most suitable data derived from non-traditional sources to improve delineation of hiking trails and estimation of potential pressures on fragile environments
Temna stran empatije v sodobnem slovenskem romanu
No full textPorast vse bolj normaliziranega sadističnega vedenja v današnjem svetu se odraža v pojavih temne empatije kot namernega soizkušanja bolečine drugega. Oblike empatičnega in manipulativnega sadizma v literarnih svetovih so analizirane na primeru dveh sodobnih slovenskih romanov, Kralj ropotajočih duhov Miha Mazzinija in Tito, amor mijo Marka Sosiča, in sodobnega argentinskega romana Kako sem postal nuna Césarja Aire. V teh romanih se oblike temne empatije pojavljajo tako na družbeni ravni, kjer izraščajo iz senc avtoritarnih ali celo fašističnih diskurzov, kot na intimni ravni v družinskem okolju, pogosto v odnosu do najbližjih.The rise of increasingly normalized sadistic behavior in today’s world is reflected in the phenomenon of dark empathy as intentional coexperiencing of someone else’s pain. Forms of empathic and manipulative sadism are analyzed in two contemporary Slovenian novels, Kralj ropotajočih duhov (The King of Rambling Spirits) by Miha Mazzini and Tito, amor mijo (Tito, My Love) by Marko Sosič, as well as in the contemporary Argentine novel Cómo me hice monja (How I Became a Nun) by César Aira. In these novels, manifestations of dark empathy emerge both on a social level, where they grow out of the shadows of authoritarian and fascist discourses, and on an intimate level within the family environment, frequently in the relationship with those closest to us
Ubeseditev čustev v izbranih pesmih Iztoka Mlakarja
No full textV prispevku so obravnavane tri pesmi šansonjerja Iztoka Mlakarja, in sicer Izvirni greh, Šuolni in Čuoja, z zadnje zgoščenke Porkaeva! (2017) s poudarkom na prikazu besednih figur različnih oblik, s katerimi so izražena čustva. Ker so šansoni izvajani v t. i. kulturnem narečju, je podana definicija termina. Opisana je priredba kot postopek prenosa govorjenega (petega) besedila v poenostavljen strokovni zapis in predstavljena načela zanj, razvidna tudi iz priloženih pesmi.This article discusses three songs, »Izvirni greh« (Original Sin), »Šuolni« (Shoes), and »Čuoja« (Log), from the latest CD Porkaeva! (2017) by the chansonnier Iztok Mlakar, with an emphasis on the display of verbal figures of various forms used to express emotions. Because chansons are performed in a »cultural« dialect, a definition of the term is provided. Adaptation as the process of transferring a spoken (sung) text into a simplified professional notation is described and its principles are presented, also evident from the songs included
Občutek za dom in občutek za jezik: poetična paradigma Josipa Ostija
No full textPrispevek se osredotoča na poetiko slovensko-bosansko-hercegovskega pesnika in pisatelja Josipa Ostija (1945–2021) v kontekstu njegovega prehoda iz enega ustvarjalnega jezika v drugega. Jezik nove domovine se je za pesnika izkazal za način, kako premagati eksistencialno travmo, povezano z izkušnjami tragedije domačega Sarajeva. Utelešene so bile v temah vojaškega nasilja, izgnanstva in brezdomstva. Slovenski jezik je avtorju pomagal preživeti občutke obupa in nemoči, povezane z izgubo jezika rojstva in ustvarjalnosti, ter vplival na njegov svetovni nazor in slog.This article focuses on the poetics of the Slovenian–Bosnian poet and writer Josip Osti (1945–2021) in the context of his transition from one creative language to another. The language of the poet’s new homeland proved to be a way for him to overcome the existential trauma associated with his experiences of the tragedy of his native Sarajevo. They were embodied in themes of military violence, exile, and homelessness. Slovenian helped the author overcome the feelings of despair and helplessness associated with the loss of his native language—his language of artistic creation—influencing his worldview and style
Kaj blebečeš, puhla učenost?: čustva Hlapca Jerneja v angleškem prevodu
No full textPrispevek obravnava angleški prevod Hlapca Jerneja in njegove pravice Sidonie Yeras in H. C. Sewella Granta: The Bailiff Yerney. Ne posveča se čustvom junakov, temveč čustvom, kot jih izraža slog sam. Ta je v Cankarjevem primeru posebej pomemben, saj je bilo njegovo obvladovanje literarnega jezika tradicionalno visoko cenjeno, tudi pri nenaklonjenih kritikih. Ob podrobnejši analizi omejenega števila primerov se načenja vprašanje ustreznosti prevoda.This article deals with the English translation of Cankar’s Hlapec Jernej in njegova pravica (The Bailiff Yerney) by Sidonie Yeras and H. C. Sewell Grant. It does not focus on the characters’ emotions, but on emotions as expressed through the style itself. In Cankar’s case, style is of particular significance because his command of literary language has traditionally been highly esteemed, even by adverse critics. Along with analyzing a limited number of examples in some detail, the adequacy of the translation is discussed