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From breeding to practice : effects of sowing date and pruning system on flower yield and cannabinoid composition in four Slovenian feminized industrial hemp breeding lines
No full textŠtiri slovenske žlahtnjene linije feminizirane industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa) (G8c, G10c, MERc, CHc), razvite v okviru žlahtnjenja konoplje z visoko vsebnostjo CBD na Biotehniški fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani, so bile ocenjene v poljskih poskusih leta 2024 v Ljubljani in Krškem. Ocenjeni so bili učinki datuma setve (neposredna setev semen na njivo in sajenje sadik, pridobljenih v rastlinjaku, oboje pri gostoti 8333 rastlin na ha) in apikalne rezi na rast (višina rastlin), pridelek cvetov, vsebnost CBD in Δ⁹ THC. V Ljubljani je zastajanje padavin na tleh zaradi težkih tal močno omejilo rast in razvoj rastlin. Način setve je imel različne vplive na pridelek cvetov: v Krškem (srednje težka tla) je neposredna setev pomenila večji pridelek socvetij, medtem ko je v Ljubljani presajanje sadik povečalo pridelek. Rez je znižala višino rastlin, vendar ni vplivala na pridelek cvetov niti na koncentracije kanabinoidov. Vsebnost CBD je bila pretežno odvisna od linijelinija MERc je imela najvišjo vsebnost CBD na obeh lokacijah (5,02-6,66 %), medtem ko način setve in rez na CBD nista vplivala. THC je znašal 0,12–0,21 % v vseh obravnavanjih. Značilne so bile interakcije žlahtniteljske linija × način setve za višino rastlin in pridelek cvetov. Ta študija predstavlja prvo oceno realnega pridelovalnega potenciala slovenskih žlahtnjenih linij feminizirane industrijske konoplje in nakazuje prednostne naloge za nadaljnje žlahtnjenje. Vendar pa so rezultati le enoletni in bo potrebno za trdnejše zaključke poljske poskuse ponoviti v več letih na več lokacijah.Four Slovenian feminized industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) breeding lines (G8c, G10c, MERc, CHc), developed within the high‑CBD breeding program at the Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, were evaluated in 2024 field trials at Ljubljana and Krško. The effects of sowing date (direct field seed sowing vs. seedlings transplantation to the field, both at density 8,333 plants per ha) and apical pruning (topping) on growth (plant height), flower yield, CBD, and Δ⁹ THC content were assessed. Early-season waterlogging in Ljubljana (due to heavy soil) caused severe negative effects on plant establishment and growth. Sowing date acted oppositely across sites: direct sowing outperformed transplanting in Krško (medium heavy soil), whereas transplanting increased flower yield in Ljubljana. Pruning reduced plant height but did not change flower yield or cannabinoid concentrations. CBD was primarily genotype dependent, with MERc highest at both sites (5.02-6.66%)establishment and pruning had no effect on CBD. THC ranged 0.12–0.21% across treatments. Significant breeding line × sowing date interactions occurred for plant height and flower yield. This study provides the first applied evaluation of Slovenian feminized industrial hemp breeding lines and indicates priorities for subsequent breeding efforts. However, the results represent only one year of field data and therefore offer limited insightto draw robust conclusions, multi-year field trials will be required
Contempt and desire
No full textDiskurz o spolu v zgodovinskih avantgardnih gibanjih, še posebej pa v italijanskem futurizmu, je kompleksen in interno kontradiktoren. A številne umetnice, ki so delovale znotraj italijanskega futurističnega gibanja, so v futurističnem uporu proti tradicionalnim konservativnim vrednotam in sentimentalizmu našle mesto za umetniško udejstvovanje. Futuristke in sopotnice futurizma, kot so Sibilla Aleramo, Mina Loy, Valentine de Saint-Point, Enif Robert, Rosa Rosà, Benedetta Cappa Marinetti, Magamal, Maria Ginanni, Maria Goretti, Gianinna Censi, Barbara, Regina, Marisa Mori, Rosetta Amadori Depero ter Luce in Elica Balla, so s svojimi umetniškimi deli ustvarjale radikalno novo pojmovanje spola v eksplicitnem nasprotju s tedaj uveljavljenimi standardi ženskosti. Članek raziskuje, kako so te futuristične in avantgardne umetnice v svojem delu obravnavale spol, kakšno je bilo njihovo mesto v futurizmu in kako so umetnice skozi futuristično estetiko in strategije iskale (ali našle) pot do emancipacije.The discourse on gender in the historical avant-garde movements, especially in Italian Futurism, is complex and internally contradictory. However, many female artists found an avenue for artistic engagement in the Futurist rebellion against traditional conservative values and sentimentalism. Female Futurists or female artists associated with the Futurist movement – such as Sibilla Aleramo, Mina Loy, Valentine de Saint-Point, Enif Robert, Rosa Rosà, Benedetta Cappa Mainetti, Magamal, Maria Ginanni, Maria Goretti, Gianinna Censi, Barbara, Regina, Marisa Mori, Rosetta Amadori Depero, and Luce and Elica Balla – created in their art a radically new conception of gender that explicitly challenged the prevailing standards of femininity. This article explores how the female Futurists addressed gender in their art, their role within the Futurist movement, and how female artists sought (or found) a path to emancipation through Futurist aesthetics and strategie
Parents\u27 attitude towards swimming and their influence on children\u27s swimming skills
No full textMagistrsko delo se posveča raziskovanju odnosa staršev do plavanja in vplivu na plavalno znanje osnovnošolskih otrok. Zadnjih nekaj let plavalni učitelji, predvsem na razredni stopnji, opažajo velik porast neplavalcev. Kljub temu da ima šola pomembno vlogo pri uvajanju učencev v obvezni plavalni program, vemo, da starši kot glavni nosilci vzgojnih vzorcev močno sooblikujejo otrokovo motivacijo in trajno naravnanost do športa. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti, kako pogostost plavanja, njegov pomen in dejavniki, kot so starost staršev, samoocena, bivalno okolje in stopnja izobrazbe vplivajo na plavalno znanje otrok.
V empiričnem delu je bila izvedena kvantitativna raziskava, v katero je bilo vključenih 343 staršev različnih osnovnih šol po vsej Sloveniji, katerih otroci so že opravili obvezni plavalni tečaj.
Analiza rezultatov anketnega vprašalnika je pokazala, da starši plavanje kot športno vsebino izjemno cenijo, ne glede na to, da se v prostem času, v večini raje ukvarjajo s hojo ali kolesarjenjem in da predmet šport po pomembnosti uvrščajo za matematiko, slovenščino in tujim jezikom. Svoje in učenčevo plavalno znanje ocenjujejo razmeroma realno, vendar pa je zaskrbljujoč podatek ta, da večina družin plava zgolj med poletnimi počitnicami, le peščica tudi med letom. Medtem ko med izobrazbo staršev ali bivalnim okoljem in plavalnim znanjem ni bilo potrjenih statistično pomembnih razlik, smo te potrdili pri starosti staršev, kjer je največ otrok plavalcev v starostni skupini med 40 in 50 let. S pomočjo Fisherjevega preizkusa smo potrdili tezo, da je pozitiven odnos in udejstvovanje staršev v plavalnih dejavnostih ključnega pomena pri plavalnem znanju otrok, in jo podkrepili z dejstvom, da je dodatni plavalni tečaj, ne glede na oceno staršev, pomemben del otrokovega učenja plavanja.
Z magistrskim delom smo želeli opozoriti in prispevati k boljšemu ozaveščanju vpliva staršev
na otrokovo plavalno znanje in sodelovanju s šolskimi in izvenšolskimi institucijami.This master’s thesis examines parents’ attitudes toward swimming and their impact on the swimming skills of primary school children. In recent years, swimming instructors, particularly at the lower primary level, have observed a marked increase in the number of non-swimmers. Although schools play an important role in introducing pupils to the compulsory swimming curriculum, it is well established that parents, as primary bearers of educational patterns, significantly shape children’s motivation and long-term orientation towards sports. This study aimed to examine how swimming frequency, the perceived importance of swimming and factors such as parents’ age, self-assessment, living environment and educational level influence children’s swimming competence.
In the empirical part, a quantitative study was conducted, involving 343 parents from various primary schools across Slovenia, whose children had already completed the compulsory swimming course.
The analysis of the questionnaire’s results showed that parents highly value swimming as a sporting activity, even though, in their leisure time, most prefer walking or cycling, and they rank physical education in terms of importance behind mathematics, Slovene and other foreign languages. They have a fairly realistic assessment of their own and their children’s swimming skills. However, it is concerning that most families swim only during the summer holidays, with only a small number swimming throughout the year. While no statistically significant differences were found between parents’ educational level or living environment and their children’s swimming proficiency, significant differences were confirmed in relation to parents’ age. The highest proportion of children who can swim was found among parents aged 40 to 50. Using Fisher’s exact test, we confirmed the hypothesis that a positive parental attitude and parental engagement in swimming activities are crucial for children’s swimming proficiency. This finding was further supported by the fact that an additional swimming course, regardless of parents’ assessment, represents an important component for a child learning to swim.
With this master’s thesis, we aimed to highlight and contribute to greater awareness of the influence parents have on their children’s swimming skills, as well as to encourage better cooperation with schools and out-of-school institutions
Emócie ako dôležitý prvok v poézii Franca Prešerna s dôrazom na slovenské preklady jeho básní
No full textPrispevek je posvečen pomembni osebnosti slovenske romantične literature – Francetu Prešernu. Podrobneje se osredotoča na izbrane pesmi avtorja, pri čemer poudarja analizo in interpretacijo čustvenih prvin, prisotnih v njegovi poeziji, glede na njihove prevode v slovaščino
Izrazi čustev v liriki Ivana Minattija in njihov prenos v makedonščino
No full textV prispevku se posvečava ubesedovanju čustev v poeziji Ivana Minattija, predvsem pesniškemu izrazju, ki je povezano z osrednjim čustvom osamljenosti in občutji, ki iz njega izhajajo (bolečina, melanholija, nepotešenost, malodušje, zdolgočasenost). To predstaviva na podlagi analize pesmi Tišina in Svetilka, pri kateri se osredotočava na izbiro besedišča in pesnikovo osebno simboliko ter ugotavljava, kako je ta besedna sredstva v makedonščino prenesel pesnik in književni prevajalec Mateja Matevski.This article focuses on the expression of emotions in Ivan Minatti’s poetry, especially poetic expressions associated with the central emotion of loneliness and the feelings arising from it (pain, melancholy, unhappiness, discouragement, and boredom). Expressions of emotion are presented through the analysis of two poems, »Tišina« (Silence) and »Svetilka« (The Lamp), focusing on the choice of vocabulary and the poet’s symbolism. The article explores how these verbal expressions were rendered in Macedonian by the literary translator and poet Mateja Matevski
The interplay of dietary sugar, chronic inflammation, and bladder cancer
No full textHigh dietary sugar intake has emerged as a key modulator of systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, both of which are associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases, including cancer. Although bladder cancer is primarily driven by factors such as smoking and occupational exposures, metabolic dysregulation may also play a contributory role. Experimental studies indicate that elevated glucose levels promote proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increase invasion, and reduce autophagy in bladder cancer cells. Epidemiological evidence suggests associations of high dietary glycaemic index/load and high sugar consumption with bladder cancer risk, although findings for these dietary factors remain heterogeneous. Furthermore, epidemiological data consistently demonstrate a positive association between diabetes mellitus and increased bladder cancer incidence and adverse clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, hyperglycaemia and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can activate inflammatory signalling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to increased cytokine production, immune dysregulation, and oxidative stress. High dietary sugar intake has also been shown to alter gut microbiota composition, typically reducing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and promoting intestinal permeability, endotoxaemia, and sustained immune activation through TLR4-dependent pathways. Within the bladder tumour microenvironment, systemic inflammatory disturbances enhance oncogenic signalling cascades such as COX-2, JAK/STAT3, and NF-κB, thereby fostering epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and potential resistance to therapy. Evidence suggests that maintaining well-regulated blood sugar levels may help lower the risk of bladder cancer. Adopting lifestyle habits such as whole-food, fibre-rich diets, probiotics, and regular physical activity supports metabolic and microbial homeostasis, SCFA-mediated immune regulation, and inflammation reduction, thereby serving as a preventive strategy. This review aims to synthesise current evidence on the complex interplay between dietary sugar intake, gut microbiota dysregulation, systemic inflammation, and bladder cancer, and to highlight potential preventive dietary interventions
Hollow professionalism
No full textThis paper examines how journalistic professionalism in Slovenia is continually renegotiated through the interplay of normative ideals, ideological imperatives and material constraints. By tracing how normative commitments rooted in the principle of publicity interact with ideological imperatives and material constraints, professionalism in Slovenian news journalism is shown to be relational and constantly reconfigured. These forces converge uniquely, revealing tensions and compromises inherent in maintaining journalistic professionalism amid the reconfiguration of autonomy, the pauperisation of journalistic work, the proletarisation of the journalism community and the growing digitalisation and platformisation of news production. Introducing the concept of hollow professionalism, the paper argues that notwithstanding the symbolic architecture of professionalism in place, its normative core is ever more constrained by ideological influences and material pressures, leaving professionalism more performative and a matter of instrumental rationality
Pogostost dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije v četrtem in petem razredu osnovne šole
No full textThe aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the frequency of the implementation of music improvisation activities in music lessons by classroom teachers and subject teachers teaching music in the fourth and fifth grade in Slovenian primary schools. We also explored the teachers’ sense of competence to implement music improvisation activities, reasons for the infrequent inclusion of such activities and solutions for more frequent inclusion. A descriptive nonexperimental method of research was used, collecting data with a questionnaire. The study found that teachers occasionally carry out music improvisation activities, most often rhythmic improvisation. The results showed no differences between the frequency of improvisation activities between classroom teachers and subject teachers. However, subject teachers do feel more competent to perform music improvisation activities than classroom teachers and there was a weak correlation between the sense of competence and the frequency of improvisation activities in music lessons. Teachers cite a lack of time, knowledge and self-confidence as the key reasons for the infrequent implementation of music improvisation activities. They see solutions for the more frequent inclusion of music improvisation activities in additional music improvisation training and changes in the music curricula, advocating for more flexible and broadly defined learning objectives. Due to the small sample size, the results are not generalisable, but they do provide an insight into the current state of the integration of music improvisation activities in music lessons in the fourth and fifth grade of primary school.Namen te raziskave je bil preučiti in primerjati pogostost izvajanja dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije pri pouku glasbene umetnosti med učitelji razrednega pouka in učitelji predmetnega pouka, ki poučujejo predmet glasbene umetnosti v četrtem in petem razredu slovenskih osnovnih šol. Raziskali smo tudi občutek kompetentnosti učiteljev za izvajanje dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije, razloge za redko vključevanje teh dejavnosti in rešitve za pogostejše vključevanje. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna neeksperimentalna metoda raziskovanja, pri čemer smo podatke zbrali z vprašalnikom. Raziskava je pokazala, da učitelji občasno izvajajo dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije, najpogosteje ritmično improvizacijo. Rezultati niso pokazali razlik v pogostosti improvizacijskih dejavnosti med učitelji razrednega in predmetnega pouka. Kljub temu se učitelji predmetnega pouka čutijo kompetentnejše za izvajanje dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije kot učitelji razrednega pouka, med občutkom kompetentnosti in pogostostjo izvajanja improvizacijskih dejavnosti pri pouku glasbene umetnosti pa se je pokazala šibka korelacija. Učitelji kot ključne razloge za redko izvajanje dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije navajajo pomanjkanje časa, znanja in samozavesti. Rešitve za pogostejše vključevanje dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije vidijo v dodatnem usposabljanju v glasbeni improvizaciji in spremembah učnega načrta za glasbeno umetnost v osnovni šoli, pri čemer se zavzemajo za prožnejše in širše opredeljene učne cilje. Zaradi majhnosti vzorca rezultati niso posplošljivi, vendar nudijo vpogled v aktualno stanje vključevanja dejavnosti glasbene improvizacije pri pouku glasbene umetnosti v četrtem in petem razredu osnovne šole
Servant leadership
No full textPrispevek raziskuje enega od sodobnih načinov vodenja – služeče vodenje (angl. servant leadership), ki temelji na vodenju s služenjem sodelavcem oz. sledilcem. Služeči vodja ne ukazuje, temveč ustvarja pogoje zaposlenim za uspešno delo. Izvajalcem pojasni pomen delovnih nalog, jim zagotovi potrebne poslovne prvine, omogoči sodelovanje v odločanju in jim pri tem nudi vso podporo. Obravnavane so ključne lastnosti in vrednote služečega vodje, ki vključujejo empatijo, poslušanje, ozaveščenost in podobno. Prispevek primerja služeče vodenje z nekaterimi drugimi načini oz. slogi vodenja, saj prav takšna primerjava dodatno prikazuje značilnosti in posebnosti obravnavanega vodenja. Avtorji tudi nakažejo, v katerih razmerah je uporaba služečega vodenja najbolj primerna in učinkovita. Prav tako preučijo primernost izraza »služeče vodenje«, pri čemer ugotavljajo, da predlagani slovenski izraz ustrezno odraža bistvo tega sloga vodenja. Zaradi pogosto različnih razumevanj vodenja prispevek predstavi različne opredelitve in utemelji razumevanje vodenja, kot je v prispevku zagovarjano. Še posebej se dotakne razmejitve med vodenjem in managementom. Da bi prikazali razvoj vodenja skozi čas v odvisnosti od razvoja delovanja združb in spreminjajočih se okolij, avtorji izpostavijo nekaj ključnih modelov vodenja, kot sta osebnostni (usmerjen v delo) in vedenjski (usmerjen v zaposlene), ter situacijsko teorijo, ki utemeljuje prilagoditev vodenja različnim situacijam