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Asymmetric labor supply responses to taxation
No full textAre the effects of tax aversion on labor supply symmetric? In a real-effort online experiment, participants are exposed to manipulated wages and taxes after first experiencing the same reference wage. We find no significant differences in their productivity; however, we find significant asymmetries in fairness perceptions of the treatments. We find that tax increases are viewed as more unfair than equivalent wage decreases and tax decreases are viewed as more fair than equivalent wage increases. Additionally, the negative effect of tax increases is larger than the positive effect of tax decreases. However, we find little to no evidence that these asymmetric fairness perceptions significantly shape working behavior
Die deutsche Industrie im Strudel der US-Handelspolitik: Wie blicken Unternehmen auf Trump 2.0?
No full textIm Rahmen der ifo Konjunkturumfragen im Juni 2025 wurden mehr als 1500 deutsche Unternehmen des Verarbeitenden Gewerbes zu ihrer Betroffenheit durch die neuen US-Zölle befragt. Zusätzlich erfasste die Umfrage ihre Erwartungen zur zukünftigen amerikanischen Handelspolitik sowie bereits eingeleitete oder geplante Investitions- und Strategieanpassungen. Mehr als 60% der befragten Unternehmen geben an, von den Trump-Zöllen negativ betroffen zu sein. Fast ebenso viele befürchten einen erhöhten Wettbewerbsdruck durch chinesische Unternehmen infolge der US-Handelspolitik. Rund ein Drittel erwartet, dass bis zum Ende der Amtszeit Trumps der US-Markt an Bedeutung für ihr Unternehmen verlieren wird. Gleichzeitig gehen viele Unternehmen von einer wachsenden Bedeutung des EU-Binnenmarkts aus. Die Wirtschaftspolitik der Trump-Regierung wirkt sich auch auf die Investitionspläne deutscher Unternehmen aus: Rund 30% der Unternehmen mit entsprechenden Plänen haben ihre US-Investitionen zeitlich verschoben. Etwa 15% haben ihre US-Investitionen sogar komplett gestrichen
Die EU, der Handel und die Sprache der Macht
No full textDie Europäische Union (EU) will außenpolitisch souverän werden. Um sich gegen wirtschaftlichen Zwang aus den USA aber auch aus China zu wehren, hat sie sich vor einigen Jahren neue Handelsinstrumente geschaffen. Bisher betont die EU, ihre Instrumente nur im Einklang mit internationalen Handelsregeln einsetzen zu wollen. Aber eine schnelle und effektive Abwehr von wirtschaftlichem Zwang dürfte kaum mit WTO-Regeln vereinbar sein. Wenn es der EU gelingt, mögliche Regelüberschreitungen klar zu begründen und andere Länder in ihre Entscheidungen miteinzubeziehen, könnte sie hingegen den Reputationsschaden mindern. Sie braucht dazu eine neue Wirtschaftsdiplomatie
Violin virtuosi: Do their performances fade over time?
No full textIn many professional activities humans are getting better generation by generation. This is supposed to be the case, for instance, in sports and in science. Is it true in the arts? In this paper, we consider violinists from the time period in which audio and video recordings became possible. Based on the number of YouTube views, and by employing different aggregation methods, we find that listening to violinists from the mid of the previous century does not seem to be significantly less attractive to audiences than listening to contemporary violinists. Methodologically, our analysis contributes to the growing literature on the aggregation of incomplete lists. In particular, we introduce a generalization of the Nash collective utility function for incomplete lists
Migrant self-employment in Germany: on the risks, characteristics and determinants of precarious work
No full textThere has been a long-standing debate among scholars about the nature of migrant self-employment. A popular assumption of the narrative is that migrants are forced into low-wage sectors with poor working conditions due to a lack of resources and opportunities. Here, we study the extent and determinants of precarious self-employment in Germany as well as which types of fields and occupations are most affected by precarious working conditions. To answer these questions, we develop an indicator to operationalize precarious self-employment using the 2011 German Microcensus. Quantitative analysis reveals that while migrants are more frequently engaged in precarious self-employment in absolute terms, this difference does not reach statistical significance. However, we do find clear differences for the sector of economic activity and profession, which can be interpreted as endowment effects. Overall, our results tend towards debunking the assumption that equates migrant self-employment in Germany to precarious work
Monetary and fiscal policies in Brazil and the behavioral approach
No full textPurpose: This study aims to elucidate the dynamics of monetary and fiscal policy interactions in Brazil, focusing on the impacts of positive shocks in government consumption and interest rates. By comparing rational and behavioral agent responses, it clarifies how these frameworks influence gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, private and government consumption and nominal interest rates. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with Bayesian estimation from 2000Q1 to 2022Q4, capturing rational and behavioral behaviors with adjustments for Brazilian economic idiosyncrasies. Impulse response functions (IRF) assess the dynamic effects of policy shocks, providing a comparative analysis of the two frameworks. Findings: Behavioral agents show greater initial sensitivity to policy shocks, causing more pronounced fluctuations in GDP, inflation and private consumption compared to rational agents. Over time, the behavioral approach leads to a more robust recovery, while the rational approach results in a quicker return to equilibrium but less pronounced long-term recovery. The study also finds fiscal policy can partially offset the negative impacts of monetary tightening, with a more delayed effect in the behavioral model. Originality/value: This paper provides insights into the interplay between monetary and fiscal policies under different agent expectations, emphasizing the importance of incorporating behavioral elements into macroeconomic models to better capture policy dynamics in emerging markets
Exploring nurses' postturnover experiences in their new employment: A self-determination and job-fit perspective
No full textNurses are known for having to work in a demanding work environment. As a result of this, nurses often quit their job, hoping to get better working conditions elsewhere. In this wave of change, how do nurses experience postturnover re-employment? Based on self-determination and person-job fit theory, this article aims to explore the postturnover experiences of nurses working in Dutch health care. 56 interviews were conducted where nurses reflected upon experiences at their former and current employment. Three main themes were identified: (1) improved levels of mental and physical well-being, (2) alignment of job skills and job needs to work environment, and (3) enhanced professional network. Our findings are congruent with self-determination theory and person-job fit theory and extend the knowledge base on individual postturnover implications, highlighting that turnover, although often seen as a negative phenomenon from the perspective of an organization, can benefit those who change employers
Evidence-based policy or beauty contest? An LLM-based meta-analysis of EU cohesion policy evaluations
No full textIndependent and high-quality evaluations of government policies are an important input for designing evidence-based policy. Institutional frictions and lack of incentives to write such evaluations, on the other hand, carry the risk of turning the system into a costly beauty contest. We study one of the most advanced markets of policy evaluations in the world, the evaluations of EU Cohesion Policy interventions by the EU Member States. We use a large language model to quantify the findings of about 2,300 evaluations, and complement this data with our own survey of the evaluation authors. We show that the findings of evaluations are inconsistent with those of the academic literature on the output impacts of Cohesion Policy. Using further variation across Member States, our analysis suggests that the market of evaluations is rather oligopolistic within Member States, that it is very fragmented across the EU, and that there is often a strong involvement of managing authorities in the work of formally independent evaluators. These factors contribute to making the findings of the evaluations overly optimistic (beautiful) risking their relevance for (evidence-based) policy. We conclude by discussing reform options to make the evaluations of EU Cohesion Policy more unbiased and effective
Being and consciousness: Fiscal attitudes according to HANK
No full textAttitudes toward fiscal policy differ: fiscal conservatism and fiscal liberalism vary in their willingness to tolerate budget deficits. We challenge the view that such attitudes reflect national preferences. Instead, we offer an economic explanation based on a two-country Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model, bringing its implicit political economy dimension to the forefront. We compute the welfare implications of alternative fiscal policies at the household level to assess the conditions under which a policy commands majority support. Whether the majority supports fiscal conservatism or liberalism depends on a country's debt level, its wealth distribution, and the nature of the economic shock
Establishing and governing data ecosystems at the crossroads of centralization and decentralization
No full textData ecosystems are increasingly central to organizational strategy as they promise to democratize data sharing and enhance sustainability through collaborative models. Grounded in theories of decentralized governance, we examine how these ecosystems evolve from a conceptual decentralized framework to a more centralized operational reality as they mature. Employing an exploratory case study of four data ecosystems, based on 25 interviews and archival data, we investigate the transition within data ecosystems from decentralized emergence to the governance trade-offs necessitated by their expansion and increased complexity. Our findings depict a spectrum of governance adaptations: while some ecosystems develop formal structures that lean towards centralization to facilitate scaling, others maintain their foundational decentralized approach through self-regulation and technology-driven solutions. Our results contribute to the theoretical understanding of the dynamic governance within data ecosystems, revealing the processual nuances of balancing decentralization with operational centralization. This has implications for practitioners who must design flexible governance mechanisms capable of navigating between decentralized ideals and the centralizing demands of ecosystem growth and complexity