Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Digital Parliamentary Data in Action (DiPaDA 2024) workshop
No full textThe workshop Digital Parliamentary Data in Action 2024 (DiPaDa 2024) took place in Reykjavik, Iceland,on 28 May, co-located with The 8th Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Conference(DHNB 2024). The workshop, along with its predecessor organised in Uppsala in 2022, supports theadvancement of research using parliamentary datasets, which present both opportunities and challengesfor interdisciplinary research and infrastructure development especially in the digital humanities andsocial sciences
Probing the Hidden Photoisomerization of a Symmetric Phosphaalkene Switch
No full textIn this study, we present the synthesis and analysis of a novel, air-stable, and solvent-resistant phosphaalkene switch. Using this symmetric switch, we have demonstrated degenerate photoisomerization experimentally for the first time. With a combination of photochemical-exchange NMR spectroscopy, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations, we elucidate the isomerization mechanism of this symmetric phosphaalkene, comparing it to two other known molecules belonging to this class. Our findings highlight the critical role of the isolobal analogy between C=P and C=C bonds in governing nanoscale molecular motion and break new ground for our understanding of light-induced molecular processes in symmetric heteroalkene systems
Teenagers and Young Adults with Cochlear Implants : A Multidisciplinary Follow-Up Study Approach and Baseline Characteristics
No full textBackground/Objectives: Early pediatric cochlear implantation positively impacts early language outcomes. The Teenager and Young Adults Cochlear Implant (TAYACI) study investigates the long-term outcomes of early implantation and factors influencing variability among cochlear implant (CI) users. This article outlines participants' background, early language outcomes, and multidisciplinary study protocol. Methods and Materials: Individuals aged 12-22 received CIs before 30 months of age, followed-up at the same hearing implant center, and adhered to a standard school curriculum were invited to participate. Out of 109 eligible CI users, 50 participated; 46 agreed to undergo clinical assessments, while four completed questionnaires only. Results: The mean age at the first CI was 15.63 months (SD = 6.0). All but one communicated with spoken language(s). Participants attended mainstream schools and had highly educated parents. Over half (56%) had received Auditory Verbal Therapy in early childhood. Earlier implantation correlated with better language understanding one year post-CI. Conclusions: Earlier implantation was associated with better early language outcomes, with parental education level and early family-centered intervention likely contributing. Future sub-studies will investigate multidisciplinary long-term effects of pediatric cochlear implantation in adolescents
DNA methylation patterns contribute to changes of cellular differentiation pathways in leukocytes with LOY from patients with Alzheimers disease
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a common and increasing societal problem due to the extending human lifespan. In males, loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in leukocytes is strongly associated with AD. We studied here DNA methylation and RNA expression in sorted monocytes and granulocytes with and without LOY from male AD patients. Through multi-omic analysis, we identified new candidate genes along with those previously associated with AD. Global analyses of DNA methylation in samples with LOY vs. normal state showed that hypomethylation dominated both in granulocytes and monocytes. Our findings highlight LOY-related differences in DNA methylation that occur in gene regulatory regions. Specifically, we observed alterations in key genes involved in leukocyte differentiation: FLI1, involved in early hematopoiesis; RUNX1, essential for blood cell development; RARA, regulating gene expression in response to retinoic acid; CANX, crucial for protein folding; CEBPB, a transcription factor important for immune responses; and MYADM, implicated in cell adhesion and migration. Moreover, protein-protein interaction analysis in granulocytes identified that products of two of these genes, CANX and CEBPB, are key hub proteins. This research underscores the potential of multi-omic approach in pure hematopoietic cell populations to uncover the molecular underpinnings of AD. Finally, our results link previous analysis showing impact of LOY on leukocyte differentiation, LOY-associated transcriptional dysregulation and GWAS studies of LOY.Marcin Jąkalski and Bożena Bruhn-Olszewska shared first authors.</p
Chiral Phonons Enhance Ferromagnetism
No full textRecent experiments suggest that the conditions for ferromagnetic order in magnetite can be modified by adsorption of chiral molecules. Especially, the coercivity of a ferromagnetic metal was increased by nearly 100% or 20 times the earth magnetic flux density at room temperature. The coercivity was, moreover, demonstrated to increase linearly with the temperature in a finite range around room temperature. On the basis of these results, a mechanism is proposed for providing the necessary enhancement of magnetic anisotropy. It is shown that nuclear vibrations (phonons) coupled to ferromagnetic spin excitations (magnons) absorb the thermal energy in the system, thereby diverting the excess energy that otherwise would excite magnons in the ferromagnet. This energy diversion not only restores the ferromagnetic order but also enhances its stability by increasing the anisotropy energy for magnon excitations. The coupling between phonons with magnons is enabled by chirality due to the lack of inversion symmetry
Liquid Biopsy in Progressing Prostate Cancer Patients Starting Docetaxel with or Without Enzalutamide : A Biomarker Study of the PRESIDE Phase 3b Trial
No full textBackground and objective: The PRESIDE (NCT02288247) randomized trial demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) with continuing enzalutamide beyond progression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients starting docetaxel. This study aims to test the associations of PFS and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) prior to and after one cycle (cycle 2 day 1 [C2D1]) of docetaxel and with a liquid biopsy resistance biomarker (LBRB; plasma androgen receptor [AR] gain and/or circulating tumor cells [CTCs] expressing AR splice variant 7 [CTC-AR-V7]) prior to continuation of enzalutamide/placebo. Methods: Patients consenting to the biomarker substudy and donating blood before starting docetaxel with enzalutamide/placebo (N = 157) were included. Sequential plasma DNA samples were characterized with a prostate-cancer bespoke next-generation-sequencing capture panel (PCF_SELECT), and CTCs were assessed for AR-V7 (Epic Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA). Cox models, Kaplan-Meier, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) at 18 mo were calculated. Key findings and limitations: There was a significant association of worse PFS with predocetaxel ctDNA detection (N = 86 (55%), 8.1 vs 10.8 mo hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78, p = 0.004) or persistence/rise of ctDNA at C2D1 (N = 35/134, 5.5 vs 10.9 mo, HR = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-3.30, p = 0.019). LBRB-positive patients (N = 62) had no benefit from continuing enzalutamide with docetaxel (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.41-1.48, p = 0.44; RMST: 7.9 vs 7.1 mo, p = 0.50). Conversely, resistance biomarker-negative patients (N = 87) had significantly prolonged PFS (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29-0.82, p = 0.006; RMST: 11.5 vs 8.9 mo, p = 0.005). Eight patients were unevaluable. An exploratory analysis identified increased copy-number gains (CDK6/CDK4) at progression on docetaxel. Limitations included relatively low detection of CTC-AR-V7. Validation of impact on overall survival is required. Conclusions and clinical implications: Liquid biopsy gives an early indication of docetaxel futility, could guide patient selection for continuing enzalutamide, and identifies cell cycle gene alterations as a potential cause of docetaxel resistance in mCRPC. Patient summary: In the PRESIDE biomarker study, we found that detecting circulating tumor DNA in plasma after starting treatment with docetaxel (chemotherapy) for metastatic prostate cancer resistant to androgen deprivation therapy can predict early how long patients will take to respond to treatment. Patients negative for a liquid biopsy resistance biomarker (based on the status of androgen receptor (AR) gene and AR splice variant 7 in circulating tumor cells) benefit from continuing enzalutamide in combination with docetaxel, while patients positive for the resistance biomarker did not. Additionally, we identified alterations in the cell cycle genes CDK6 and CDK4 as a potential genetic cause of resistance to docetaxel, which may support testing of specific drugs targeting these alterations. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Viking Age Graffiti : insights into people’s lives through spontaneous expressions
No full textSyfte med denna uppsats är att undersöka graffiti som källmaterial för att kunna ge en insyn till hur människor levde under vikingatiden. Graffiti som arkeologiskt källmaterial är fortfarande ett område att undersöka mer om då det finns öppningar till att undersöka skillnader i region och tid. Uppsatsen är dock en kvalitativ undersökning som tar sikte på några större former av material som använts som till att rista in graffiti. Gravhögarna på Maeshowe på Orkney öarna, mynt från orienten som kommit till Sverige och Norden samt graffiti inristad i Hagia Sofia. Genom att se över skillnader mellan dessa platser så söker uppsatsen få någon form av klarhet kring förändringar i kultur eller skillnader som kommer från distans från varandra.The purpose of this essay is to examine graffiti as source material in order to provide insight into how people lived during the Viking Age. Graffiti as archaeological source material is still an area to investigate more as there are openings to investigate differences in region and time. However, the essay is a qualitative study that aims at some major forms of material that have been used to carve graffiti. The burial mounds at Maeshowe on the Orkney Islands, coins from the Orient that have come to Sweden and the Nordic countries, and graffiti carved in Hagia Sophia. By reviewing differences between these places, the essay seeks to gain some form of clarity about changes in culture or differences that come from distance from each other.
Entangled risks : knowledge co-production with sanitation workers to address current and future challenges of handling menstrual waste in informal settlements in Kenya
No full textThis paper reports on the challenges of handling menstrual waste in informal settlements in Kisumu, Kenya, and the emerging conflicts between reducing the use of these 'complicated plastics' and ensuring human health and dignity. To investigate these interconnections, we draw on a survey conducted among sanitation workers conducting manual pit emptying. We then conducted a knowledge co-production workshop including generating maps showing flows of menstrual waste around Kisumu. The maps were used as the basis for a discussion of desirable futures in the context of waste and sanitation adapted from the Three Horizons methodology. Findings indicated that sanitation workers deal with large quantities of menstrual waste when conducting their day-to-day work, which produces a range of health, environmental, and social risks that are difficult to mitigate. Men were more likely than women workers to be unregistered, producing additional health and social risks due to this form of work often being conducted at night. Maps of waste flows in Kisumu showed very different realities among sanitation workers compared with other stakeholder groups such as government officials. When considering desirable waste futures, government and civil society stakeholders were in favour of an aspirational 'zero waste' future where plastic products are phased out in favour of reusable or biodegradable products. This was in tension with the future vision of sanitation workers who do not want to reduce waste, which is their main livelihood, and preferred better managed waste streams that reduced their risks and improved their standing in the community. These findings highlight conflicting priorities among stakeholders when addressing taboo waste streams such as menstrual waste, and the challenges of focusing on aspirational sustainability transitions that may harm socially marginalized groups
Electron and Ion Dynamics in Reconnection Diffusion Regions
No full textMagnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process responsible for the sometimes explosive release of magnetic energy in space and laboratory plasmas. Inside the diffusion regions of magnetic reconnection, the plasma becomes demagnetized and decouples from the magnetic field, enabling the change in magnetic topology necessary to power the energy release over larger scales. Since it was launched in 2015, the Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission has significantly advanced the understanding of the particle dynamics key to magnetic reconnection by providing high-resolution, in-situ measurements able to resolve ion and electron kinetic scales, i.e. a fraction of a gyroradius, that have confirmed theoretical predictions, revealed new phenomena, and refined existing models. These breakthroughs are critical for understanding not only space plasmas but also laboratory and astrophysical plasmas where magnetic reconnection occurs. In this work, we review the ion and electron dynamics occurring within the diffusion regions, in the inflow, along the separatrices, and downstream of the diffusion regions, in different reconnection configurations: symmetric, asymmetric, antiparallel, and guide field reconnection
Search for supersymmetry in final states with missing transverse momentum and charm-tagged jets using 139 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at â\u88\u9as=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textThe paper presents a search for supersymmetric particles produced in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV and decaying into final states with missing transverse momentum and jets originating from charm quarks. The data were taken with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN from 2015 to 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb(-1). No significant excess of events over the expected Standard Model background expectation is observed in optimized signal regions, and limits are set on the production cross-sections of the supersymmetric particles. Pair production of charm squarks or top squarks, each decaying into a charm quark and the lightest supersymmetric particle (chi) over tilde (0)(1), is excluded at 95% confidence level for squarks with masses up to 900 GeV for scenarios where the mass of (chi) over tilde (0)(1) is below 50 GeV. Additionally, the production of leptoquarks with masses up to 900 GeV is excluded for the scenario where up-type leptoquarks decay into a charm quark and a neutrino. Model-independent limits on cross-sections and event yields for processes beyond the Standard Model are also reported.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2025)193</p