Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Achieving time and budget goals despite the impact of unexpected external factors in construction projects
No full textThis report examines challenges in the construction industry related to maintaining schedules and budgets despite delivery delays and rising costs caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The study emphasizes the importance of flexibility in material choices to manage such uncertainties in future projects. The aim is to explore how collaborative construction projects address material related challenges arising from unexpected external factors, and how these are influenced by communication, scheduling, and budgeting. The study is based on a case study project, supported by previous research, qualitative interviews, surveys by an external collaboration leader and project documentation. Two material changes were analyzed to assess their impact on time and cost. The results show that the client prioritized time, and the material changes studied saved both time and money. Surveys and interviews confirm that clear communication, built on strong collaboration, was crucial to the project’s success. Despite global disruptions, the project maintained both schedule and budget through early material procurement, flexible adjustments, and efficient decision-making. Digital working methods introduced during Covid-19 also improved efficiency and are expected to remain in future practice
Rätten till det utmätta : En rättsdogmatisk analys av besittningsrekvisitet i 4 kap. 18 § UB och tredje mans beviskrav vid utmätning
No full textEnligt 4 kap. 18 § UB får KFM utmäta lös egendom i gäldenärens besittning för dennes skuld. Det kan då uppstå situationer där tredje man gör anspråk på egendomen. I dessa fall presumeras gäldenären vara ägare om det inte framgår att egendomen tillhör någon annan, vilket innebär att det är upp till tredje man att styrka sin äganderätt. Detta har visat sig vara svårt i praktiken, vilket är varför uppsatsen syftar till att fastställa under vilka förutsättningar lös egendom anses vara i gäldenärens besittning enligt 4 kap. 18 §, samt undersöka vilka beviskrav som ställs på tredje man för att styrka sin rätt till utmätt egendom. Analysen visar att besittningrekvisitet i praxis tolkats mer extensivt än i propositionen, där även medelbar besittning och fysisk närhet till egendomen omfattas. Uppsatsen fastslår att tredje man har en tung bevisbörda för att bryta besittningspresumtionen. Det krävs att denne styrker ursprungligt förvärv, att ingen överlåtelse har skett, samt lämnar en trovärdig förklaring till varför gäldenären haft egendomen i sin besittning. Praxis visar dock att HD tillämpar en helhetsbedömning av omständigheterna, vilket i vissa fall lett till en mer flexibel rättstillämpning än vad som skrivits i doktrin och propositionen
Innovationsprocesser i svenska mikroföretag
No full textDenna studie undersöker innovationsprocesser i svenska mikroföretag, med syfte attidentifiera strukturer och utmaningar förknippade med dessa. Uppsatsen baseras på enkvalitativ fallstudie av fem svenska mikroföretag inom olika branscher och av olika storlek.Medelst semistrukturerade intervjuer och med hjälp av analysverktyg från tidigare forskninginom innovationsprocesser, så visar studien att svenska mikroföretag ofta bedriver innovationi informella och mer kundnära former. Företagen för studien har även påvisat eventuellastyrkor som även stöds i tidigare forskning så som flexibilitet, snabb beslutsfattarförmåga ochinnovationsarbete nära kunderna. Vidare påvisar studien flera utmaningar förknippade medmikroföretagens innovationsprocesser. Bristande resurser och tidsbrist identifierades somstora hinder för företagen i studien, vilket också bekräftar tidigare forskning, bådeinternationellt och i en svensk miljö. Studien visar slutligen också på likheter och skillnader iförhållande till innovationsprocesser mellan svenska mikroföretag av varierande storlek ochbransch, och kan således bidra med insikter kring hur man i framtiden kan stödja svenskamikroföretag i sina innovationsarbeten
Mental maps and rock carvings : Can ship carvings be expressionsof spatial orientation in space
No full textFinns det en koppling mellan de mer oansenliga skeppsristningarna och vår förmåga att skapa mentala kartor? Genom att jämföra mer oansenliga paneler med skeppsristningar med utvalda nyckelkomponenter i mentala kartor syftat denna studie att besvara den frågan. De delar som valts ut för studien är; spatiala relationer, landmärken, rutter, gränser och känslomässiga relationer till platser. Studien har begränsats till hällristningar från bronsåldern och i Mälardalen. Det finns många kopplingar mellan hur människor skapar och använder mentala kartor och ristningar, både de väl undersökta panelerna med många ristningar och de mer ensligt belagda ritningar som finns med i urvalet i denna studie. Hällristningar binder samman områden både geografiskt och socialt. De tycks ha fungerat som mötesplatser och för att markera ägande eller användning. Att de ligger synliga i landskapet antyder att de har en funktion för att visa något, de kan fungera som en mental karta, att visa tillhörighet och platser där det kunde bytas erfarenheter med andra. Att ristningarna inte är synliga på långt avstånd förringar inte deras värde som landmärken, de kan vara viktiga om det finns en personlig relation eller känslomässig koppling. Rutter och färdvägar kan koppla hällristningarna med resor och navigation, speciellt då resor över öppet hav krävde god navigationskunskap. Is there a connection between the more inconspicuous ship carvings and our ability to create mental maps? This study attempts to provide a general picture of what this connection might look like. By selecting a few carvings that lie individually in space, those that do not belong to the large clusters of carvings and testing if they can be connected to selected components of a mental map. The parts selected for the study are spatial relationships, landmarks, routes, boundaries, and emotional relationships to places. The study is limited to rock carvings from the Bronze Age and in the area around Lake Mälaren. The ship carvings connect areas both geographically and socially. They seem to have functioned as meeting places and to mark ownership or use. The visible location of the carvings suggests that they have a function in showing something, it could be both for a mental map, to show belonging and places where one can exchange experiences with others. Even if the carvings were not visible from a far, they can still be important landmarks if there is a personal relationship to them, an emotional connection. The routes or paths between the places are interesting because it connects the carvings to travel and navigation. Traveling through the landscape of the time and especially across the open sea required knowledge of location and route. Having a crew that can safely navigate and know which ports are part of the network you are entering should have been as important as today. Going on longer journeys across the open sea was riskier and required more investment, both in the form of crew, boat and trade goods. It is therefore likely that people with experience and the ability to do this quickly and safely were important
Study of Î\u9bb0 and Î\u9eb0 Decays to Î\u9bh+ h'- - and Evidence for CP Violation in Î\u9bb0 â\u86\u92 Î\u9bK+ K- Decays
No full textA study of Lambda(0)(b) and Xi(0)(b) decays to Lambda h(+) h'(-) (h((')) = pi, K) is performed using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment during LHC Runs 1-2, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb(-1). The branching fractions for these decays are measured using the Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda pi(+)pi(-) decay as a control channel. The decays Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda pi(+)pi(-) and and Xi(o)(b) -> pi Lambda K-pi(+)- are observed for the first time. For decay modes with sufficient signal yields, CP asymmetries are measured in the full and localized regions of the final-state phase space. Evidence is found for CP violation in the Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda K+K- decay, interpreted as originating primarily from an asymmetric Lambda(0)(b) -> N*K-+(-) decay amplitude. The measured CP asymmetries for other decays are compatible with zero.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.101802</p
Unaccompanied minors under exceptional provisions : Legal norm formation as textual practice in guiding child asylum cases.
No full textWhen the Swedish Migration Court of Appeal adjudicates a case, it establishes both a case-specific norm and a general norm for future legal application, transforming individual circumstances into legally valid statements. This dissertation examines how this textual process is realised in guiding child asylum cases, focusing on the establishment of norms for exceptions to expulsion and re-entry bans for unaccompanied minors in the precedents MIG 2009:8, MIG 2009:9, and MIG 2015:23. Adopting a social constructivist perspective, the study conceptualises language as a means of structuring experiences, defining interpretive boundaries, and generating normative significance. The analysis integrates a legal-linguistic framework with intertextual and social semiotic theory to examine how text structure, voice distribution, and grammatical choices interact to recontextualise legal reasoning within the precedents. The study demonstrates how text structure shapes the legal process by integrating actor statements and legislative voices into a sequential structure. The Court transforms a heterogeneous set of materials into a legal decision in which each sequence performs a distinct function: case texts establish the grounds for adjudication, legal texts define the interpretive framework, and the judgment determines the final interpretation. The thematisation and distribution of reasons across sequences determine their legal weight, thereby establishing the conditions under which knowledge is transformed into a norm. This process constructs an epistemic hierarchy, assigning greater weight to some voices while restricting others’ capacity to define valid knowledge. The analysis further investigates how polyphony operates both as a structural challenge and as a resource for justice in assessing children’s legal status. Grammatical analysis demonstrates how ideational, interpersonal, and textual resources shape voice distribution and epistemic authority, and how language-ideological principles in asylum adjudication privilege certain expressions and experiences. These principles create interpretive hierarchies that can diminish the impact of children’s narratives; however, the study also shows that such narratives can retain legal weight when corroborated by adult actors, even without being reformulated into adult-normative terminology. The findings demonstrate how text structure, voice distribution, and grammatical choices influence legal norm formation, and underscore the importance of preventing marginalisation by consciously managing these elements. They provide insights for strengthening the legitimacy and fairness of precedents through greater transparency and the inclusion of relevant perspectives, thereby enhancing legal certainty, particularly in cases involving vulnerable groups
War and Difference : Models of Reading in Vasilij Grossman’s Novel Life and Fate
No full textThis paper explores the novel Life and Fate (Žiznʹ i sudʹba, 1960) by Vasilij Grossman through its intertextual dialogue with past literature. A reporter during World War II who brought Lev Tolstoj’s War and Peace with him to read at the front, Grossman modeled his representation of the twentieth-century war on the nineteenth-century masterpiece. Previous research has noted both similarities and differences between these two novels, with many considering Life and Fate to be defined by its juxtaposition of traditional literary form with a nontraditional content for Soviet literature, which brings the reader face to face with the terror of Stalinism as well as the gas chambers of the Holocaust. I build upon the observation by Anna Bonola (2018) about two different modes of expression used in Grossman’s novel, “totalitarian communication” and individual freedom, to argue that intertextuality in Life and Fate presents not only a meta-dialogue with literature of the past, but also simultaneously constructs two models of reading. The first model engages with previous literary works to interpret the present within a continuous cultural context, often aligning with state ideology. The other model highlights the unique and transgressive experiences of Soviet society and World War II, breaking with past literary traditions
The Ideology and Symbolism of Beauty: : An Iconological Exploration of Gertrude Jekyll's Garden
No full textThis thesis examines the garden designs of Gertrude Jekyll, a prominent figure of the Arts and Crafts Movement. While much of the Arts and Crafts Movement have been extensively documented, its influence on garden design remains less explored. This study addresses this gap by interpreting Jekyll's work as a direct response to the industrialization of 19th-century England, aligning with the movement's major stand against this, and its advocacy for a return to human-centred, handcrafted, nature-integrated practices. Drawing inspiration from key Arts and Crafts thinkers like John Ruskin and William Morris, the thesis argues that Jekyll's gardens were not merely aesthetic expressions but deliberate attempts to restore harmony between human and nature. Employing Erwin Panofsky's famous iconological theory, the study decodes the symbolism of Jekyll's garden at Munstead Wood, revealing how her decisions and choices reflected her philosophical convictions and the broader Arts and Crafts ideology. By analysing Jekyll's own writings alongside both a pre-iconological and an iconological interpretation of one of her most famous gardens – her own at Munstead Wood, this thesis offers anovel perspective on the Arts and Crafts Movement's impact on garden design, highlighting the philosophical and cultural depth in Jekyll's artistic choices
Site-specific volumetric skeletal changes in women with and without a distal forearm fracture : a case-control study with a mean 7-year follow-up
No full textSummary Brief rationale: To assess bone dimensions in the radius over 7 years. Main result: Cross-sectional area did not change significantly, but endosteal circumference increased, leading to decreased cortical thickness. Significance of the paper: Bone mineral density loss is associated with a decrease in cortical thickness in the forearm. Purpose To assess site-specific volumetric bone and muscle differences in women with and without forearm fracture in a longitudinal study. Methods One hundred four postmenopausal women with a forearm fracture and 99 age-matched controls were included and underwent peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in the forearm at a mean age of 65 (range 44–88) years and were invited for a reassessment after mean 7 (6–11) years, at which 80 and 79 women took part, respectively. Three cases had movement artifacts on pQCT; 77 cases and 79 controls were finally analysed. Results Twenty-two of the cases and 20 of the controls sustained a fracture during the follow-up. From baseline to follow-up, bone mineral content and bone mineral density decreased irrespective of group belonging at baseline, both at the 4% and the 66% level in the forearm. Cross-sectional area did not change significantly at the 4% and the 66% level. At the 66% level, periosteal circumference was unchanged and endosteal circumference increased, leading to decreased cortical thickness. Muscle area decreased, while muscle density was unchanged. A high cross-sectional area and low bone volumetric bone mineral density were predictive of fracture during the follow-up. Conclusion Over a mean follow-up of 7 years, postmenopausal women lose bone mineral density, associated with a decrease in cortical thickness in the forearm
Contribution of lake littoral zones to the continental carbon budget
No full textIn the littoral zone, at the land–water interface of lakes, the areal productivity of aquatic vegetation rivals that of rainforests, resulting in a potentially very high carbon (C) turnover. Whereas tidal wetlands at the land–ocean interface are included in global C budgets, lake littoral zones are currently not accounted for, despite the total shoreline of lakes being estimated at four times longer than that of the global ocean. Here we quantify the littoral net atmospheric C sink using mass balance and a model of C export from the littoral to the pelagic zone. We argue that ignoring littoral C turnover in lakes potentially results in biased estimates of continental C cycling. In our global estimate, we show that the estimated global C balance of lakes may reverse from a net C source to a net C sink (that is, net C burial > net C outgassing). In addition, a large part of the C outgassed in the pelagic might originate from the littoral, implying that previous estimates of terrestrial C inputs to inland waters were too high. We argue that quantifying and modelling lake littoral C fluxes are essential to more accurately estimate the feedback between the continents and climate