Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Litteratursamtal i sva-undervisning : Högstadielärares upplevelser av litteratursamtal
No full textSkönlitterär läsning och litteratursamtal kan, enligt forskning, utveckla elevers läsförmåga. Studien har som syfte att undersöka vad sva-lärare på högstadiet har för erfarenheter av arbete med skönlitteratur med särskilt fokus på litteratursamtal. Forskningsfrågorna som ställs är vad lärarna anser att syftet med litteratursamtal är, vilka utmaningar de upplever att arbetssättet har och hur de väljer skönlitterära verk. För att få reda på lärarnas upplevelser genomfördes personliga intervjuer med sju sva-lärare som arbetar på högstadieskolor. Resultatet visar att lärarna har en positiv inställning till litteratursamtal och att de anser att eleverna kan utvecklas genom att samtala om skönlitteratur. De framhåller att de genomför litteratursamtal för att ge eleverna möjlighet att se andras perspektiv, att utveckla sina språk och för att det möjliggör att eleverna stöttar varandra. De uppfattar framförallt att det är en utmaning att få till fungerande samtalsgrupper. Lärarna väljer skönlitterära verk baserat på elevernas intressen och möjlighet till igenkänning. Dessutom är flera lärare kritiska till lättlästa versioner och menar att eleverna kan utvecklas mer genom att läsa vanliga versioner om de får rikligt med stöd av läraren. Det råder viss oenighet bland lärarna i frågan om huruvida litteratursamtal har en inverkan på elevernas läsförmåga.
Det surrealistiska läsmysteriet : Esoterism, myter och dialektik
No full textScholars have identified significant intersections between surrealism and Western esotericism. It is often assumed that surrealism prioritizes artistic objectives over occult concerns, due to its clear atheism and scientific, left-leaning perspective, which are thought to conflict with religious beliefs. This study explores these intersections through contemporary theories of Western esotericism studies. From a systematic-theological perspective, surrealist experiences are examined in relation to, rather than in opposition to, esotericism and occultism. A surrealist discourse of ineffable experience is identified – one that aligns with both Western mysticism and the type of esotericism (occultism) that seeks to reenchant the world. It is argued that both surrealists and esotericists use magical and imaginative techniques to express the ineffable, addressing the limitations of our conceptual frameworks for understanding experience. To enrich the analysis of these intersections, an esoteric interpretation of Hegel’s thought is offered – particularly his phenomenology – that elucidates and synthesizes his significance for the intellectual traditions and worldviews central to my research project. By analyzing Hegel’s circular and symbolic method, a connection between surrealist Hegelianism, esotericism, and mythology is established, whereby surrealist reading and writing can be seen as an initiatory process that transforms both the individual and society. It is argued that surrealist experience can be understood as a collectively constructed myth that addresses both occult epistemology and sociopolitical concerns. The study consists of two case studies: the first one analyzes André Breton’s concept of “the sublime point” and illustrates surrealism’s ongoing discussion of how to handle the demand for absolute and ineffable knowledge. The second one examines surrealism’s collective myth, ”the great transparents”, showing that surrealist mythmaking is tied to an alchemical-hermetic dialectic, also found in Rosicrucianism and post-theosophy, as well as in horror and science fiction literature. The creation of myths here concerns writing the supernatural, which, in turn, writes us — a commitment this study likens to a hermetic reading mystery. The present dissertation thereby contributes to post-Christian theology by discussing art, literature, and poetry from the perspective of surrealism’s atheistic engagement with Christian traditions, particularly the heretical and subversive ones, such as mysticism, hermeticism, alchemy, and post-theosophy
Recommendations for reporting and evaluating proton therapy beyond dose and constant relative biological effectiveness
No full textBackground and purpose In proton therapy, a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is used to convert proton dose into an equivalent photon dose. However, RBE varies with tissue type, fraction dose, and beam quality parameters beyond dose such as linear energy transfer (LET) raising concerns about increased local effectiveness and potential toxicity. This work aims to harmonize quantities used for clinical consideration of variable RBE for proton therapy. Materials and methods A survey was distributed to proton centres to determine agreement on RBE-related concerns and clinical implementations. A subsequent clinical expert meeting facilitated by the European Particle Therapy Network was held to achieve consensus and to make clinical recommendations how to prescribe and report beyond using dose and constant RBE. Results The survey was answered by 17 out of 23 centres contacted (74%). For proton RBE, most concerns existed regarding toxicity in serial organs, while the assumption of an RBE of 1.1 was considered valid for targets. Most physicists intended to consider a physical quantity beyond dose in clinical decision making. Conclusions A constant RBE of 1.1 was the consensus for prescribing dose. However, current practice of recording and reporting dose in proton therapy must be complemented: the recommended quantity beyond dose was the dose-averaged LET in water from primary and secondary protons, normalized to unit density. This will facilitate analyses of treatment data on effectiveness beyond dose and between centres. No consensus on a single variable RBE model was found. More clinical training on proton RBE is needed
Difference in Risk Factor profile for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
No full textBACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest partly different risk factor profiles of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but prospective data are scarce. AIM/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this prospective population-based case-control study was to investigate differences in risk factor profile between TAA and AAA. METHODS: Participants in two prospective population-based studies, the Västerbotten Intervention Project (VIP) and the Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, between 1986 and 2010 underwent cardiovascular risk assessments, including blood samples, oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure readings and a self-reported health questionnaire. All individuals who were later diagnosed with TAA or AAA were identified. Age, sex, and time-matched controls were selected from the same cohorts, aiming at four controls / case. Adjusted odds ratios for potential risk factors for later diagnosis of TAA and AAA respectively, were estimated by multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: From total 96,196 individuals with prospectively collected data in the VIP/MONICA cohort, a total of 236 individuals with AAA (181 men and 55 women) and 935 matched controls, and 168 individuals with TAA (115 men and 53 women) and 662 controls were included. The average age at baseline examination was 57.0 ± 5.7 years for AAA cases and controls, and 52.1 ± 8.8 years for TAA cases and controls. Mean time between baseline examination and diagnosis of AAA/TAA was 12.1 and 11.7 years respectively. There was a clear difference in risk factor profile between AAA and TAA. Smoking, hypertension and coronary artery disease were significantly associated with later diagnosis of AAA with highest adjusted odds ratio for a history of smoking (OR 10.3, 95% CI 6.3-16.8). For TAA, hypertension was the only positive risk factor (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.7), while smoking was not associated. Diabetes was not associated with either AAA or TAA, neither was self-reported physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective population-based case-control study risk factor profile differed between AAA and TAA. This suggests a partially different etiology for TAA and AAA
The Complexity of Being a Parent in the Hospital and a Patient at Home : A Qualitative Study on Parenting Concerns and Challenges Among Parents With Cancer
No full textBackground Parents given a diagnosis of cancer must balance the demands of their illness and caregiving responsibilities. This can result in parental stress and have a negative impact on the well-being of the whole family. A greater understanding of the experiences of parents with cancer is necessary to provide adequate support. Objective The aim of this study was to explore parenting concerns and challenges among parents with cancer who were caring for dependent children younger than 18 years. Methods Semistructured interviews were carried out with 22 parents with cancer. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Parental concerns and challenges affected parents in their parental role and their everyday family life. Three overarching themes described the struggles in balancing life as a parent and as a patient: navigating dual roles as a parent with cancer, impact of cancer on parenting, and impact on family life. Parents’ primary focus was on their children’s well-being, and they struggled to manage their own expectations of parenting and the demands on their role in the family. Conclusion The results highlight the complexity of being a parent with cancer while caring for dependent children. To support parents during the cancer journey, it is important to understand the consequences of their illness on their parental role and the family. Implications for Practice Supporting parents to feel secure in their parental role and providing support to them during their cancer journey should be integrated into routine cancer care, where parenting concerns and challenges are addressed
Anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda en närstående med demenssjukdom : En litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: I Sverige beräknas antalet personer med någon form av demenssjukdom till 150 000 och denna siffra förväntas öka drastiskt i Sverige och globalt i takt med en växande äldre befolkning. Cirka en femtedel av Sveriges vuxna befolkning ger vård eller stöd till en närstående. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda en närstående med demenssjukdom. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med deskriptiv design. Tio originalartiklar identifierades via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Den teoretiska referensramen som användes var familjecentrerad omvårdnad. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier identifierades: en emotionell berg- och dalbana, praktiska svårigheter och negativ fysisk påverkan samt utmaningar i det sociala livet. Sedan identifierades åtta subkategorier: försämrad psykisk hälsa, att förlora sig själv, personlig utveckling och meningsskapande, svårhanterade beteendemässiga problem, ekonomiska utmaningar, försämrad fysisk hälsa, ofrivillig social isolering, svårigheter med familjerelationer och varierande stöd. Slutsats: Anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda en närstående med demenssjukdom kan leda till både försämrad psykisk och fysisk hälsa men också möjligheter till personlig utveckling och andra lärdomar. Denna studie belyser behovet av att inkludera mäns upplevelser för att kunna få ett bredare perspektiv och behovet av förståelse för genusperspektivet samt betonar vikten av att anhöriga ska kunna få stöd utifrån deras behov. Background: In Sweden, the estimated number of people with some form of dementia is around 150 000 people and the number is expected to increase drastically both in Sweden and globally, with the aging population. Around one-fifth of the adult population in Sweden provides care or support for a family member. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe families’ experiences of caring for a relative with dementia. Method: Qualitative literature review with descriptive design. Ten original research articles were identified using the database Pubmed and CINAHL. The theoretical framework of this study was family centered care. Result: Three categories were identified: an emotional rollercoaster, practical difficulties and the negative physical impact and challenges in social life. Eight subcategories were also identified: worsening of physical health, to lose yourself, personal growth and finding a purpose, difficulties managing behavioral problems, economic difficulties, involuntary social isolation, challenges with family relationships and varying levels of support. Conclusion: Informal caregivers experienced a decline in both physical and mental health as an negative impact of caregiving, but also gained opportunities for personal development and other life learnings. This study highlights the importance of including more male perspectives to gain a broader perspective, as well as to understand the genus perspective, and emphasizing the importance of informal caregivers receiving support, based on their needs.
What are the training and support needs for homelessness hostel staff supporting older residents with memory and cognitive problems? : A qualitative study
No full textBackground An increasing number of older people are experiencing homelessness and memory problems, many of whom are supported in temporary hostel accommodation. This can be a challenge for hostel staff who may not have adequate training and support but who often support those with significant memory impairment in their day-to-day work. The study aimed to investigate the training and support that hostel staff require to meet the needs of older hostel residents experiencing memory and cognitive problems, and thus enhance hostel resident quality of life and well-being, considering what additional knowledge, skills, and support hostel staff need to achieve this. Methods In this qualitative study, we conducted inductive reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with health and social care practitioners (n = 17) and hostel staff and managers (n = 15). Participants were recruited from six homelessness hostels, one specialist care home, and National Health and Local Authority Services in England. Results We identified three main themes: (a) Emotional and psychoeducational support needs within hostel staff teams, including training on memory and cognitive problems, responsive behaviours, communication strategies, and reflective spaces for hostel staff to manage their emotional responses (b) Training and support needs to deliver a person-centred approach, including tools and support packages to enhance hostel residents’ independence, multidisciplinary meetings to evaluate hostel residents’ needs, and communication strategies tailored to hostel residents’ understanding and (c) Support to facilitate collaboration with external agencies, including training on professional language, capacity assessment, dementia case studies, improved communication skills to bring external services into hostels, and reflective practices to advocate for hostel residents with dual diagnoses. Conclusions The present study highlights how hostel staff could benefit from targeted training in emotional support, person-centred approaches for older hostel residents with memory and cognitive problems, and collaboration with external services. Overall, the current study contributes to understanding of the need for tailored training and support methods within hostels to provide higher quality support to a population that is frequently overlooked
The Uneven Burden of Economic Sanctions. : A SCM Analysis of the Socio-economic Effects of Sanctions on Agriculture & Industry Sectors.
No full textThis paper examines the uneven socio-economic impacts of economic sanctions on the agriculture & industry sectors, with a specific focus on Iran, and Russia. Employing the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), the study constructs counterfactuals to evaluate the causal effects of sanctions on key economic sectors, including agriculture and industry. The findings reveal that sanctions disrupted trade, employment, and income stability, with rural and industrial sectors bearing the brunt of these impacts. Despite resilience strategies such as domestic production shifts and alternative trade partnerships, both nations experienced prolonged economic inequalities and constrained recovery. This research provides critical insights into the interplay between sanctions, socio-economic vulnerabilities, and resilience strategies. The results underline the importance of targeted sanctions that minimize civilian harm while achieving political objectives
Trotter-based simulators of holonomic quantum gates on decoherence-free subspaces and subsystems
No full textIn quantum information, one strives to have a system that is resistant against environmental error, while maintaining the ability to adequately control gates. Holonomic Quantum Computation (HQC) is robust against imprecisions in gate control and encoding information into noiseless subsystems prevents the system from decoherence. In this paper we consider encoding information in a Decoherence-Free Subsystem (DFS) which protects against dephasing errors and encoding information in a noiseless subsystem which protects against collective decoherence. Combining these with HQC is theoretically a very logical choice. However, it turns out that the Hamiltonians used to create such systems contain three- and four-qubit interactions, which are generally hard to achieve experimentally. An attempt was made to simulate these Hamiltonians using the Trotter equation with only two-qubit interactions. For both cases, we found that the single-qubit case was achievable, even with a relatively low amount of Trotter steps in the case of the DFS. In the case of the noiseless subsystem, we managed to reduce three-qubit interactions to two-qubit interactions only. However, for the DFS we could not find an implementation that remains inside the DFS during the whole circuit evaluation, losing the advantage of the DFS. Similarly for the noiseless subsystem case, we found the correct four-qubit terms, but together with a noise term that we were not able to cancel using only operators that remain inside the noiseless subsystem. Further investigation in this term is needed. One could look if there is a fundamental limit here, or consider two more practical approaches: perhaps one could strive for a different two-qubit gate. Another solution could be to use gates that leave the DFS/noiseless subspace within a Trotter step and evaluate the error this introduces to the system
Identifying critical elements in using question prompt lists at the pharmacy counter to induce patient activation : using principles of conversation analysis
No full textBackground The incorporation of Question Prompt Lists (QPLs) into pharmacy interactions has been tested as an innovative strategy aimed at enhancing patient engagement and addressing personal information needs. However, there is a gap in understanding regarding how QPLs induce or reduce patient activation and contribute to improved medical treatment. The specific aim of the study was therefore to qualitatively describe how pharmacy encounters in which QPL are introduced unfold, in order to identify and discuss relevant interactional mechanisms that induce or reduce patient activation. Methods The QPL, which includes questions about usage, interaction, side effects, and follow-up, was introduced to patients during pharmacy encounters. Employing a qualitative inductive approach based on principles from conversation analysis (CA), audio-recordings from 56 QPL encounters in community pharmacies were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results Most meetings began with a long initiation phase focused on determining which medications to take home. This was followed by an introduction to the QPL and a natural break where the pharmacist left to get the medicines, giving the patient an opportunity to contemplate their needs, as prompted by the QPL. While the QPL itself was not explicitly explained or discussed, the majority of patients asked questions and shared personal information. Even those who were disinterested felt compelled to justify their stance, demonstrating the influence of the norm of reciprocity. However, instances of unsolicited information provision by the pharmacist, were still identified. Conclusion This study demonstrates that QPLs can enhance patient activation in pharmacy encounters, even without detailed explanations, but their impact is not straightforward. The presence of the QPL encouraged patients to engage, share personal information, and ask questions. These findings suggest that QPLs can create opportunities for patient involvement, even in brief pharmacy interactions