Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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The Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in Politically Sensitive Disputes: A Case Study of Chevron v. Ecuador
No full textOn Vortices in Chern-SimonsTheory with non-trivial topology
No full textThis thesis is about a project in classical 3d Chern-Simons theory, a kind of field theory. Welooked at vortex-type solutions to a certain Lagrangian, and recreated the results from an earlierarticle describing the same model. We then attempted to find similar kinds of vortex solutionson a cylinder. If these solutions had been found, we would then have investigated a conjectureabout the validity of these solutions if the radius of the cylinder was decreased. We were not ableto find correct solutions on the cylinder within the allotted time for the project, and therefore thefinal part of this report describes a guess on how proper solutions could be found and how theconjecture would be verified
Plasma proteomics in septic shock and alcohol-related pancreatitis: : a hyaluronan-centered approach
No full textBackground: Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection. As sepsis develops to septic shock, its most severe form, morbidity and mortality increases. Hyaluronan is a key component of the extracellular matrix and the endothelial glycocalyx. In sepsis, plasma hyaluronan concentrations are increased and correlate with disease severity. In this study we aimed to explore and compare the proteomic profiles of hyaluronan-associated proteins in patients with the dysregulated immune response of septic shock and the sterile inflammation of acute alcohol-related pancreatitis. Methods: The present study involved proteomic analysis of patients with septic shock (n = 13), pancreatitis (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 8). LC-MS/MS was conducted for peptide analysis. Hyaluronan-associated proteins were identified using the UniProt REST API, followed by functional and pathway enrichment analyses with GOATOOLS and GSEApy. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and post hoc tests, were performed using Python and SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: From a total sum of 663 detected unique plasma proteins, 15 were identified as hyaluronan-related proteins. Plasma levels of 11/15 proteins separated septic shock from pancreatitis in a statistically significant manner. Between the groups differences were apparent on day 1 (8 proteins in septic shock versus 3 in pancreatitis) and day 4 (6 proteins in septic shock versus 3 in pancreatitis) relative to controls. Functional enrichment analysis revealed associations with extracellular matrix organization, proteolytic enzyme regulation, and hyaluronan metabolism. Notably, members of the inter-alpha-inhibitor family demonstrated distinct patterns, with ITIH3 levels increasing and ITIH1, ITIH2, and ITIH4 levels decreasing in septic shock compared to controls. Additionally, plasma hyaluronidase inhibition correlated positively with ITIH3 levels. Conclusion: The present study explored the role of hyaluronan-related proteins in septic shock pathophysiology, revealing potential dysregulation associated with sepsis severity. The decrease in ITIH1, ITIH2 and ITIH4, as compared to the increase in ITIH3, suggest a complex alteration in the protein balance of the I alpha I-family in sepsis. Overall, the altered proteomic profile of hyaluronan-related proteins as reflected by the GO terms indicates a complex dysregulation not only in hyaluronan metabolism and extracellular matrix, but also in the regulation of several proteolytic enzymes. Future studies on this area are warranted
LLM-PoweredContentTransformation:Enhancementwith Visuals
No full textThis thesis investigates the application of Large Language Models (LLMs)for automating the transformation of technical documentation into structuredvisual representations. Through a systematic approach, this studydevelops and evaluates an automated system that converts complex technicalspecifications into visual formats including PowerPoint slides with integrateddiagrams and enhanced visual content. The methodology encompassesthree main phases: Firstly, an analysis of documentation patternsand conversion requirements using 24 Ericsson Technology Review files asthe primary dataset; secondly, the implementation of LLM-based extractionand visualization pipelines with specialized prompting strategies for PDFto-Markdown conversion, deep research integration, and Mermaid diagramgeneration; and thirdly, a comprehensive system evaluation using both automatedLLM assessment and human expert validation across multiple technicaldocuments. The research focuses on developing effective promptingtechniques for content extraction, semantic extraction mechanisms for preservingdocument structure, and automated quality validation systems usingmulti-dimensional scoring frameworks. A comparative analysis of multipleLLM variants including GPT-4.1, 4o, and gemma3-27b reveals significantperformance variations, with GPT-4.1 achieving scores of 90 for overall quality,88 for text content preservation, 92 for structural preservation, and 85for table content preservation. Testing demonstrates over 90The evaluationframework combines automated assessment with human expert validation,revealing consistent identification of table content preservation as the mostchallenging aspect across all systems. Human evaluation confirms automatedmetrics while highlighting practical usability considerations that distinguishhigh-performing systems. The integration of LangChain’s Open Deep Researchframework significantly enhances content transformation by providingenriched, multi-source research data that improves accuracy, depth, andcomprehensive coverage of transformed materials. The proposed solutiondemonstrates substantial automation potential while maintaining high accuracyand consistency in document transformation. By leveraging state-ofthe-art LLM technologies including specialized prompt engineering strategiesand implementing semi-automated frameworks with multi-layered resiliencemechanisms, this research contributes to the advancement of technical documentationmanagement. The system successfully converts visual elementsinto programmatically generated Mermaid diagrams, though current limitations require manual positioning of diagrams within presentations. The researchopens new possibilities for efficient content visualization in technicaldomains while establishing evaluation methodologies for future automateddocument transformation systems
The Impact of the Injected Mass of the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist on Uptake in Breast Cancer : Lessons from a Phase I Trial of [99mTc]Tc-DB8
No full textBackground/Objectives: Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in breast cancer and might be used as a theranostics target. The expression of GRPR strongly correlates with estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Visualization of GRPR-expressing breast tumors might help to select the optimal treatment. Developing GRPR-specific probes for SPECT would permit imaging-guided therapy in regions with restricted access to PET facilities. In this first-in-human study, we evaluated the safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry of the [Tc-99m]Tc-DB8 GRPR-antagonistic peptide. We also addressed the important issue of finding the optimal injected peptide mass. Methods: Fifteen female patients with ER-positive primary breast cancer were enrolled and divided into three cohorts receiving [Tc-99m]Tc-DB8 (corresponding to three distinct doses of 40, 80, or 120 mu g DB8) comprising five patients each. Additionally, four patients with ER-negative primary tumors were injected with 80 mu g [Tc-99m]Tc-DB8. The injected activity was 360 +/- 70 MBq. Planar scintigraphy was performed after 2, 4, 6, and 24 h, and SPECT/CT scans followed planar imaging 2, 4, and 6 h after injection. Results: No adverse events were associated with [99mTc]Tc-DB8 injections. The effective dose was 0.009-0.014 mSv/MBq. Primary tumors and all known lymph node metastases were visualized irrespective of injected peptide mass. The highest uptake in the ER-positive tumors was 2 h after injection of [99mTc]Tc-DB8 at a 80 mu g DB8 dose (SUVmax 5.3 +/- 1.2). Injection of [99mTc]Tc-DB8 with 80 mu g DB8 provided significantly (p < 0.01) higher uptake in primary ER-positive breast cancer lesions than injection with 40 g DB8 (SUVmax 2.0 +/- 0.3) or 120 mu g (SUVmax 3.2 +/- 1.4). Tumor-to-contralateral breast ratio after injection of 80 mu g was also significantly (p < 0.01, ANOVA test) higher than ratios after injection of other peptide masses. The uptake in ER-negative lesions was significantly lower (SUVmax 2.0 +/- 0.3) than in ER-positive tumors. Conclusions: Imaging using [Tc-99m]Tc-DB8 is safe, tolerable, and associated with low absorbed doses. The tumor uptake is dependent on the injected peptide mass. The injection of an optimal mass (80 g) provides the highest uptake in ER-positive tumors. At optimal dosing, the uptake was significantly higher in ER-positive than in ER-negative lesions
Unsuitable, suitable, more suitable or the most suitable? : On the importance of finding the right legal representation
No full textTILLGÅNG TILL AKUTSJUKVÅRD FÖR ÄLDRE –EN STUDIE AV GEOGRAFISKT AVSTÅND MELLANSÄRSKILT BOENDE OCH AKUTMOTTAGNING
No full textAtt stava till självkänsla : Läs- och skrivsvårigheter i mellanstadiet - en kvalitativ studie om självkänsla och mående
No full textNAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome dynamics in murine enteroids are tuned by NAIP ligand concentration and epithelial cell differentiation
No full textInflammasomes are central components of mammalian innate immunity activated upon the detection of danger signals such as pathogen ligands. This activation generally leads to pyroptosis and interleukin release, but specific responses vary between cell types. Here, we study nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP)/NLR CARD-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome dynamics of intestinal epithelial cells of murine enteroids at the single-cell level. Using an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC)::GFP reporter and a cell-membrane-permeable NAIP/NLRC4 agonist, we observe pyroptosis with or without ASC polymerization. We use fluidic force microscopy to inject NAIP ligands into cells, revealing a dose-dependent response. High doses promote ASC polymerization, while lower doses lead to survival or NLRC4-dependent cell death in the absence of ASC polymerization. Using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) reporter as a proxy for interleukin maturation, we reveal that single epithelial cell caspase-1 dynamics are affected by the differentiation state of cells and NAIP ligand dosing. Our results indicate an inflammasome response that is tuned at multiple levels in intestinal epithelial cells
Formal Verification of a Library in Stainless
No full textThis thesis presents the formal verification of a Scala interval arithmetic library using Stainless. The project aims to verify as much as possible of the library, which is a part of the code base of the Daisy verification and optimization tool. To prepare for the Stainless verification, modifications are made to the original library and formal specifications are written for the library based on formal definitions of mathematical functions and code documentation. A majority of the methods in Daisy’s interval arithmetic library are verified with the help of Stainless as a result of the project. The verification leads to the discovery that one of the methods does not satisfy the class invariant for intervals in the library and a solution is proposed to solve this issue. When comparing two of the SMT solvers used by Stainless to solve verification conditions – Z3 and cvc5 – it is found that Z3 can verify more of the verification conditions produced by Stainless in this verification than cvc5. However, the set of verification conditions that can be proved by both solvers is verified faster by cvc5 than by Z3. Although the limitations of Stainless’s library cause some difficulties in the verification process, the experience of working with Stainless is considered to have been mostly positive. In particular, the counterexamples produced by Stainless for invalid verification conditions facilitated the verification process