Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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“Men det är så mycket mer än att hålla en lektion” : En fenomenologisk intervjustudie om nyexaminerade lärares erfarenheter av att vara kvinna och lärare
No full textDen här uppsatsen undersöker erfarenheter hos kvinnliga nyexaminerade mellanstadielärare. Syftet är att belysa de yrkesrelaterade och subjektiva upplevelserna dessa lärare har av att vara en kvinnlig lärare i dagens svenska skolverksamhet med särskild hänsyn till förväntningar och könsnormer. Frågeställningarna undersökningen utgår från berör om och hur kön har en inverkan på lärarrollen. Därtill uppmärksammas förväntningar på lärarna och hur de under lärarutbildningen förbereddes för att bemöta dem. Det förs även en diskussion om det strategiska handlandet lärarna har utvecklat för att hantera situationer som kan begränsa dem i utförandet av arbetet de själva och andra förväntar sig av dem. Denna fallstudie baseras på en intervjustudie med tre lärare och tar avstamp i den fenomenologiska traditionen, både i den metodologiska utformningen och i det teoretiska ramverket. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis används för att vägleda de metodologiska valen rörande insamling, bearbetning och analys av empiri. Under det analytiska arbetet, i form av en tematisk analys, tillämpas den fenomenologiska användningen av intersubjektivitet, vilket bidrar till en förståelse av hur subjektiva erfarenheter relaterar till sociala kontexter och normer. Sedermera används Sara Ahmeds resonemang om en feministisk tillvaro samt Arlie Russell Hochschilds teoribildning om känsloarbete. Resultatet visar att kvinnornas yrkesutövning präglas av förväntningar på bland annat omhändertagande, vilket kan härledas till könsnormer. Möjligheterna att bli respekterade relateras också till föreställningar om kön, något och då kan lärarna bland annat använda sin ålder för att uppnå en respekterad position. Kvinnorna har som ambition att individen ska kunna utforma den egna lärarrollen men de anser att det finns brister i lärarutbildningen vad gäller förberedelser för hantering av situationer som präglas av kontextuella och sociala normer
The role of sustainability reporting in strategic management
No full textPurpose – The study aims to explore the role of sustainability reporting in strategic management. It examineshow sustainability reporting affects strategy implementation (single-loop learning) and strategy formulation(double-loop learning). Design/methodology/approach – Using a case-study methodology, 22 semi-structured interviews wereconducted at a large mining company. Additionally, secondary data, including the company’s sustainabilityreports from 2018 to 2023, were gathered. A thematic data analysis was used. Findings – The study shows that sustainability reporting contributes to strategic management. Morespecifically, sustainability reporting facilitates strategy implementation (single-loop learning) by identifyingdeviations, prescribing actions and clarifying responsibilities. Moreover, it facilitates strategy formulation(double-loop learning) by supporting materiality analysis and external benchmarking, identifying strategicuncertainties and reassessing and adjusting the strategy. Research limitations/implications – This case study is exploratory. While NordMine represents a unique case, it is possible that studying a different company would result in different insights. Therefore, future longitudinalcase studies are suggested to build on and further develop the findings presented in this paper. Practical implications – The findings originate from a resource-intensive company that is at the forefront ofsustainability transition and has recently reformulated its strategy toward sustainability. The study providesdetailed insightsinto how sustainability reporting can be used by practitionersin different industriesto facilitatestrategic management, for example, by identifying sustainability key performance indicators and improvingtheir follow-up. Originality/value – The study contributes to the literature by problematizing the link between sustainabilityreporting accounting and strategic management. It shows how sustainability reporting affects processes andactivities that are usually considered to be related to strategy formulation (interactive control) andimplementation (diagnostic control).The research reported in this paper has been partly funded by the Swedish Research School of Management and IT.</p
A validation protocol for 177Lu-SPECT image quantification as a basis for multi-centre kidney dosimetry
No full textObjective. Multicentre studies in molecular radiotherapy face challenges in ensuring the comparability of dosimetry results. The aim of this study was to develop a validation protocol to achieve equivalent Lu-177-SPECT quantification across centres, consisting of a test exercise in combination with an action level. Approach. Lu-177-SPECT/CT imaging of 3D-printed kidney phantoms with non-uniform activity distributions was conducted at five hospitals in Sweden and the UK. In total, 12 quantification systems (QSs) were included, where a QS was defined as the combination of a given camera system, reconstruction method and image-analysis method. The accuracy of image-based estimates of the activity concentration was investigated for three approaches to multicentre dosimetry: one site-specific, and two variants of centralised approaches. For the site-specific approach, the reference value was blinded to the evaluating operators. Prior to the evaluation, the participants agreed on an action level, specified as an obtained deviation larger than ±10% from the reference value. Sites responsible for a QS that yielded larger deviations, and therefore did not comply, were required to present an action plan, i.e., a plan for further method optimisation. Main results. For the site-specific approach, deviations larger than 10% were obtained for six out of 12 QS (range -11% to +27%). Action plans were presented for these QS and was implemented by one site (two QS). For the two variants of centralised approaches, where nine QS were included in total, deviations of within 10% were obtained for nine and seven QS, respectively. Significance. A quantification test combined with an action level can serve as an initial validation to enable further development and to achieve equivalent Lu177-SPECT quantification across sites
Rethinking the nature of justice : A hydrosocial territories perspective on a contested low-carbon transition
No full textLow-carbon transitions are essential but contested, particularly regarding what constitutes a ‘just transition’. To grasp their political nature, adopting a spatial perspective becomes indispensable, as different actors hold different views on how to allocate burdens and benefits across scales. In this study, we examine how notions of ‘justice’ are expressed and manifested spatially, negotiated between conflicting parties, and undergo changes, delving into the conflict surrounding an electric vehicle (EV) factory near Berlin, Germany. To do so, we leverage the theoretical lens of ‘hydrosocial territories’. This framework helps to understand how beliefs about desirable societal development (‘imaginaries’) interlink with actors’ perceptions of just distribution of water-related benefits and burdens, as well as decision-making power across spatial scales. We identify one territory supporting the factory and two counter-territories challenging its legitimacy. Actors of one counter-territory question the net benefit for in situ communities due to water challenges, while the other casts doubt on the legitimacy of the capitalist systems as such and considers the EV technology and its supply chains exemplary of exploitative relations in the water sector. We derive three key insights for the conceptualisation of ‘justice’: Firstly, divergence in the underlying values of desired societal development and the spatial scales at which transitions are conceptualised can affect the possibilities for compromise. Secondly, justice, as viewed by actors negotiating transitions, requires continuous reassessment due to its fluid nature. Thirdly, localities where low-carbon transitions occur are perceived at multiple spatial scales simultaneously, adding complexity to how actors understand justice. Our research holds value for the study of low-carbon transitions, illuminating the complexity, spatiality, and fluidity of justice and offering a heuristic device to capture it
Mandate Complexity and United Nations Peacekeeping Contributions
No full textUnited Nations peacekeeping is an important instrument for maintaining international peace, but the mandates that peacekeeping operations are expected to implement are increasingly complex. This trend has consequences. We argue that certain member states are incentivized by the benefits of partaking in complex missions. These include ‘process’ benefits such as reimbursement payments, training, and reputation building. Specifically, non-democratic states are more likely to make greater contributions to missions with complex mandates than democratic states. In a global analysis of UN member peacekeeping contributions from 1990 to 2022, we show that as mandate complexity increases, non-democracies make larger contributions relative to democracies. While democracies do not shy away from supporting peacekeeping, they resist substantial contributions to the ambitiously mandated missions that they have often themselves promoted. These findings contribute to ongoing academic discussions about the challenge of recruiting sufficient resources to pursue peacekeeping while insisting on a liberal global order
The BABITT questionnaire for evaluation of bowel and bladder function in children who are introduced to assisted infant toilet training : content validity and feasibility
No full textFunctional bowel and bladder disorders are prevalent among children. In 2019 our research group launched the BABITT study (Bowel and Bladder function in Infant Toilet Training), a randomized intervention study to investigate whether introduction to assisted infant toilet training reduces the prevalence of functional bowel and bladder disorders in children up to 4 years of age. Diagnostic criteria for gastrointestinal disorders are defined by the ROME Foundation, while the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) provides definitions of functional bladder disorders. Preceding the larger ongoing BABITT study, the aim of this present observational study is to construct, assess content validity and evaluate feasibility of a questionnaire for parent report. Methods A web-based questionnaire was developed in three consecutive steps. In Step 1, the questionnaire was outlined based on literature review and expert panel discussions. In Step 2, the questionnaire was validated for relevance and simplicity by content validity index (CVI) using 4-point Likert scales. With dichotomized data, an index level >= 0.78 was considered as acceptable. In Step 3, the respondent burden was analysed and a pilot phase allowed for evaluation of feasibility in the clinical study setting. Results In Step 1, the Rome IV criteria and ICCS frameworks were selected for items comprising the primary outcomes in the BABITT study. After the final assessment round in Step 2, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was excellent, ranging from 0.88 to 1.00 in most items, in all domains, for both relevance and simplicity. In the pilot phase Step 3, the response rate was 95% and the parents' acceptance of replying to the questionnaire was satisfactory. Conclusion A web-based questionnaire was developed to evaluate parent-reported bladder and bowel function in children who are introduced to assisted infant toilet training. The BABITT questionnaire emerged as valid and feasible in its context
Responsible Reading in the English Classroom : Working with Indigenous Literature in Teacher Education to Promote Environmental Justice
No full textThis thesis responds to the challenge of integrating Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into English education through a focus on teacher training and the pedagogical potential of literary texts. Guided by the work of North American Indigenous writers Driftpile Cree poet Billy-Ray Belcourt, Laguna Pueblo author Leslie Marmon Silko, and Nisga’a poet Jordan Abel, the research develops a methodological framework for teaching tomorrow’s educators to critically engage with literary texts with a focus on environmental justice, reflect on their positionality in relation to these, and collaborate towards transformative action. It argues that these texts have significant didactic value in fostering competencies in sustainability, reading, and teaching among student teachers. The reading practices developed are adaptable for upper-secondary English teaching and align with national and international ESD directives. By emphasising the vital role of humanities subjects in sustainability education and the responsibility inherent in reading and thus, also, teaching reading, this thesis contributes to ongoing efforts to build a more environmentally just world through education
Alla språk i skolan : språkundervisning i nordisk kontext
No full textI våra flerspråkiga samhällen är kommunikation och samverkan mellan människor viktigare än någonsin. Ett av skolans viktigaste uppdrag är därmed att ge eleverna möjlighet att utveckla sina språkliga förmågor, utveckla interkulturell och flerspråkig kompetens samt lära sig navigera i varierande kulturella kontexter. Denna antologi är tänkt att erbjuda inspiration, värdefulla kunskaper och praktiska råd till lärare och andra aktörer i skolan som ansvarar för språkundervisning och språkutbildning samt vara en resurs för lärarstudenter, lärarutbildare och forskare som arbetar med språk i en utbildningskontext. Antologin samlar texter som belyser språkundervisning ur både teoretiska och praktisk-didaktiska perspektiv. Med bidrag från verksamma lärare, lärarutbildare och forskare riktar antologin blicken mot dagens språkundervisning och belyser den spännvidd som finns inom den nordiska skolkontexten. Författarnas bidrag berör ett brett spektrum av klassrumspraktiker, såsom undervisning av språkliga kompentenser, bedömningspraktiker samt faktorer för språkundervisning och -inlärning. Idéen till antologin föddes i samband med att Fortbildningsavdelningen för skolans internationalisering (FBA) vid Uppsala universitet år 2024 fyllde 60 år.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of hantavirus and hepatitis E virus exposure among wildlife farmers in Vietnam
No full textBackground: Wildlife farming is a growing industry, but it poses substantial risks for zoonotic disease transmission, including infections caused by hantaviruses and hepatitis E virus (HEV). This study aimed to determine seroprevalences of these viruses among wildlife farmers and identify associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 wildlife farmers in Lao Cai and Dong Nai provinces in Vietnam who raised bats, bamboo rats, civets, and wild boars. Of these, 207 provided serum samples for serological testing for hantavirus and HEV antibodies. Apparent (AP) and true (TP) prevalences were estimated, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors. Results: The AP of hantavirus IgG was 8.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4-13.6 (TP: 4.7%, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.2-11.1). HEV IgG AP was 26.7%, 95%CI: 20.8-33.2 (TP: 27.1%, 95%CrI: 21.3-33.4). Hantavirus IgM testing was also performed due to higher IgG seroprevalence compared to earlier studies, detecting IgM antibodies in 1.9% of samples (95%CI: 0.6-5.2) (TP: 1.7%, 95%CrI: 0.1-4.7). Hantavirus seropositivity was significantly associated with engaging only in wildlife farming, and not participating in other activities such as hunting, trading, slaughtering, processing, guano collection, or consumption (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1-6.9). HEV seropositivity was significantly associated with men gender (OR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.4-7.3), older age (OR = 1.03, 95%CI: 1.0-1.1), raw meat consumption (OR = 6.8, 95%CI: 1.6-31.8), residing at higher altitudes (OR = 31.6, 95%CI: 5.5-204.4), and reporting use of protective clothing (OR = 4.0, 95%CI: 1.4-11.2), although their proper use was not assessed. Conclusions: This study highlights behavioural and environmental risk factors associated with wildlife farming and zoonotic pathogens exposure. Public health interventions should focus on biosecurity, proper hygiene practices, and risk communication to reduce the transmission in wildlife farming settings
Prevalence of Myocardial Infarction With Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries in a Middle-Aged Population With Chronic Airflow Limitation : A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textPURPOSE: Myocardial infarctions (MIs) can occur in underlying obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD) or in non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). The primary objectives of the study were to investigate the prevalence of MI-CAD and MINOCA in people with CAL, and to explore if CAL is an independent risk factor for MI-CAD and MINOCA. Secondary objectives were to explore these research questions stratified by sex and by smoking history. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) of people aged 50-64 years. CAL was defined as a post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity below 0.70. MI-CAD was defined as a self-reported MI with coronary computed tomography angiography findings of previous revascularization or at least one significant coronary stenosis (>50%), and MINOCA as self-reported MI with no previous revascularization and no significant coronary stenosis. RESULTS: In total, 1735 (8.3%) of 20,882 included participants had CAL. MI-CAD was more common than MINOCA both in people with (2.8 vs 0.6%) and without CAL (1.2 vs 0.3%). Compared with those without CAL, people with CAL had an almost doubled independent risk of both MI-CAD ([adjusted OR] 1.72; [95% CI] 1.22-2.42) and MINOCA (1.99; 1.02-3.86). In men, CAL was associated with increased risk of MINOCA (2.63; 1.23-5.64), and in women with increased risk for MI-CAD (3.43; 1.68-1.26). CONCLUSION: Middle-aged people with CAL have an almost doubled risk of both MI-CAD and MINOCA, compared with people without CAL. In contrast to people without CAL, the risk of MINOCA is increased in men and the risk of MI-CAD is increased in women. In a clinical context, both MI types should be considered in CAL