Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Analysing the impact of the Proteus effect in a first person puzzle game
No full textThe importance of good character design is well understood in video games as the appeal of its characters can make or break a game. A much less studied aspect of character design however is the effect that the character design has on the way people play games. According to the Proteus effect theory, differences in characters can lead to differences in player behaviour, however previous research on the subject does not involve a complete game process in its experimentation. To study the Proteus effect in a complete game process, we have created a first person puzzle game that served as an experiment to analyse the difference between two groups of participants only differentiated by their player avatar’s appearance. The participants completed tasks in a set order using a combination of two methods, both of which were available to them throughout the entire experiment. The results of the experiment show that the player avatar had a significant impact on the participants’ initial exploration of the mechanics, but not on their long term preference for either of the two methods. These results indicate that designing the characters and game mechanics around predetermined characteristics can be used to increase the likelihood of players engaging with mechanics that are connected to those characteristics
The specialist nurse experiences of pain in the critical care patient through a transpersonal perspective : A qualitative study with focus group discussions
No full textSAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Smärta är vanligt förekommande inom intensivvården samt har en negativ påverkan på fysiologiska funktioner, ger sämre tillfrisknande samt ökad risk för både kort- och långsiktiga konsekvenser på hälsan. Smärtupplevelsen påverkas även av relationella faktorer, känslotillstånd och av tidigare livserfarenheter. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva specialistsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av smärta hos intensivvårdspatienter utifrån ett transpersonellt perspektiv. Metod: En kvalitativ, semistrukturerad fokusgruppsstudie med deduktiv ansats med ett urval av kliniskt aktiva specialistsjuksköterskor inom intensivvård. Totalt 8 deltagare i tre grupper inkluderades. Fokusgruppsdiskussionerna följde en guide med fokus på transpersonella perspektiv. Resultat: Fokusgruppsdiskussionerna resulterade i sex teman utifrån ett transpersonellt perspektiv: Att använda tidigare erfarenheter, Att uppfatta och bedöma patientens tillstånd och känslor, Tro och hopp, Mänsklig omsorgsrelation, Att uttrycka känslor samt Tillgodoseende av mänskliga behov. De perspektiv som framkommer under dessa teman var att det var viktigt att inge hopp och skapa motivation, att relationen mellan patient och sjuksköterska ansågs viktig för att skapa möjlighet till förbättring hos patienten och vikten av att använda både patientens egna resurser och specialistsjuksköterskans resurser och erfarenheter. Vidare framkommer att specialistsjuksköterskor ställs inför svåra bedömningar och etiska dilemman. Slutsats: Resultatet visar på en komplexitet kring smärta hos patienter inom intensivvården samt komplexiteten i specialistsjuksköterskans arbete kring detta. Specialistsjuksköterskor ställs inför höga krav på att utföra bedömningar av både patientens fysiska och psykiska tillstånd, ställs inför etiska dilemman och beslut kring patientens omvårdnad.ABSTRACT Background: Pain is common in intensive care and has negative effects on physiology functions, a slower recovery and an increased risk of short- and long-term negative health effects.The experience of pain is influenced by relations, emotions and prior experiences. Aim: The aim is to explore the specialist nurse experiences of pain among intensive care patients using a transpersonal perspective. Methods: A qualitative, semi structured focusgroup study was conducted using a deductive approach with specialist nurses clinically active within the intensive care. Eight participants in three groups were included. The interviews followed a guide centered around transpersonal perspectives. Results: The following six themes occurred using a transpersonal perspective: Using prior experiences, To perceive the patient's condition and emotions, Faith & hope, Human caring relations, To express one’s emotions and Fulfilling of basic human needs. The findings under these themes were the importance of hope and motivation, the importance of the relationship of the patient and the specialist nurse to make progress and the importance of using the patient’s own resources and experiences as well as the nurse’s. There are ethical dilemmas and decisions while working with patients with pain within intensive car Conclusion: The result highlights the complexity around pain within the critical care as well as the complexity of the specialist nurse’s work. The specialist nurses face high demands on both the patient's physical and psychological condition and are confronted with ethical dilemmas and decisions regarding the patient's care
Specialist Nurses’ Experiences of Information Handover Between Intensive Care and Anaesthesia : A Phenomenographic Interview Study
No full textBakgrund Effektiv kommunikation inom hälso- och sjukvården är avgörande för att säkerställa patientsäkerheten, särskilt i komplexa miljöer som intensivvårds- och operationsavdelningar. Trots införandet av strukturerade kommunikationsverktyg kvarstår utmaningar i informationsöverföringen vid patientöverlämningar. Syfte Att undersöka hur specialistsjuksköterskor inom anestesi och intensivvård upplever informationsöverföring vid patientöverlämningar mellan intensivvårdsavdelning och operationsavdelning. Metod En kvalitativ fenomenografisk metod användes, där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tolv specialistsjuksköterskor inom intensivvård och anestesi, för att identifiera teman och underteman. Swiss Cheese Model användes som teoretisk referensram. Resultat Resultatet visade två huvudkategorier som beskriver hur anestesi- och intensivvårdssjuksköterskor uppfattar informationsöverföring: förutsättningar för en fungerande överlämning samt interprofessionella relationer och kommunikationsmönster. Inom dessa identifierades fem subkategorier som belyser vikten av struktur och anpassning i kommunikationen, hinder såsom tidsbrist och otydlig ansvarsfördelning, samt hur kulturella skillnader, rivalitet och varierande erfarenhetsnivåer påverkar samarbetet. Slutsats Säker och effektiv informationsöverföring kräver mer än strukturerade verktyg. Det framkom att organisatoriskt stöd, gemensamma förväntningar och interprofessionell förståelse är centrala faktorer. Brister i dessa områden kan leda till informationsförlust och därmed äventyra patientsäkerheten.Background Effective communication in healthcare is crucial to ensuring patient safety, especially in complex environments such as intensive care and operating departments. Despite the implementation of structured communication tools, challenges remain in information transfer during patient handovers. Purpose The purpose of this project is to explore how specialist nurses in anesthesia and intensive care perceive communication during patient handovers between the intensive care unit and the operating department. Method A qualitative phenomenographic approach was employed, with semi-structured interviews conducted with twelve specialist nurses in intensive care and anesthesia, selected through purposive sampling, using the Swiss Cheese Model as a theoretical framework. Results The results identify two main categories describing how anesthesia and intensive care nurses perceive information transfer: conditions for effective handover and interprofessional relations and communication patterns. Within these, five subcategories emerged, highlighting the importance of structure and adaptability, obstacles such as time constraints and unclear responsibilities, as well as how cultural differences, professional rivalry, and varying levels of experience influence collaboration. Conclusion Safe and effective information transfer requires more than structured communication tools. Organizational support, shared expectations, and interprofessional understanding were identified as key factors. Deficiencies in these areas may lead to information loss and compromise patient safety
Fångvård genom en fängelsetidning : En fallstudie i fångens fostran för den världsliga tillvaron under tidigt 1900-tal
No full textSambandet mellan befolkningsstorlek och självmordstal i svenska kommuner
No full textUppsatsen analyserar huruvida svenska kommuners befolkningsstorlek samvarierar med deras självmordstal år 2014–2023. Forskning verkar inte ha funnit sådant samband för nutida Sverige, varför en kunskapslucka identifieras. Två forskningsfrågor formuleras: (1.) Finns ett samband mellan befolkningsstorlek och självmordstal? (2.) Håller eventuellt samband för kontroll för arbetslöshet, skilsmässotal och tillgång till psykiatrisk akutvård? Durkheims teori om självmord samhälleligt orsakade av (hög eller låg) integration och reglering behandlas. Studien omfattar alla 290 kommuner. Självmordstal (åldersstandardiserade fall per 100 000 invånare) hämtas från NASP; folkmängd, arbetslöshet och antal skilsmässor från SCB; akutmottagningar identifieras via 1177.se. Variablerna aggregeras till tioårsmedel (fyra år för arbetslöshet). Metoden är ekologisk OLS-regression i fyra steg: (1.) enkel regression med folkmängd, (2.) + arbetslöshet, (3.) + psykiatrisk akutmottagning, (4.) + skilsmässotal. Diagnostik för heteroskedasticitet och multikollinearitet genomförs. Diagnostiken indikerar heteroskedasticitet i modell 1 och 4, varför de samt därmed även skilsmässotalets effekt inte tolkas. Resultaten visar ett svagt men signifikant negativt samband mellan folkmängd och självmordstal med kontroll för arbetslöshet (modell 2) (B = -0,015; SE = 0,004). Självmordsfrekvensen förväntas därmed sjunka med 1 fall per 100 000 när kommunstorleken ökar med 67 000 invånare, givet lika arbetslöshet. Sambandet försvinner vid kontroll för psykiatriska akutmottagningar (modell 3). Arbetslöshet är genomgående positivt relaterad till självmordstal, medan närvaro av minst en psykiatrisk akutmottagning är negativt associerat. Modell 2 förklarar 8,7 % av variationen i självmordstalen; övriga faktorer kvarstår således. Slutsatsen är att ett befolkningsrelaterat samband kan existera men är svagt, osäkert och beroende av andra kommunala förhållanden. Befolkningsstorlek i sig förklarar möjligtvis endast en liten del av självmordsvariationen. Fortsatta studier behövs
Sustainability, Privacy and Personalisation : Exploring the Future of Private Generative LLMs
No full textThe purpose of this study was to scientifically explore the future of private generative LLMs through a user perspective, focused on the different aspects in which private LLMs could be more beneficial compared to public proprietary LLMs. During the past few years, the development and consequential usage of AI has increased exponentially, with public LLMs such as ChatGPT having millions of users. These public models however have continually come into disrepute for several reasons – the most common one being data privacy and how these AI tools handle user data. In recent years, however, the negative environmental impact of AI has gained more attraction, with researchers arguing it needs to be a major focus of the current AI conversation. Consequently, private LLMs offer a potential solution; being employed locally on a computer, they offer increased data privacy and control for the user, as well as possibilities for increased personalisation that can be catered more to individual needs. Finally, since they need not rely on energy- intensive data centres, private LLMs could prove to be a better alternative from a sustainability perspective. The study was conducted with 15 participants aged between 20 and 30 years old, in a mixed-methods approach consisting of a questionnaire, an interaction study with a private LLM, and an interview. Thusly, the study examined people’s attitudes and stances on generative AI, with regards to the major themes of the study, the possible benefits and disadvantages of private LLMs for the future, as well as their awareness of data privacy and AI sustainability issues. The results showed that people considered themselves mostly willing switch to a private LLM in the future, given the fact that they were easy to run and install, and that they gave adequate answers. Participants had quite low awareness of the environmental impact of AI, whereas more were aware of its handling of data. Nevertheless, everyone saw it as a strength of private LLMs that they could mitigate these issues. Personalisation proved to be more divisive, with certain participants liking the fact that one can train and change the characters, whereas some were uncomfortable with the anthropomorphic and more personalised traits. Furthermore, less than half of the participants had heard of private LLMs before the study, showing increased awareness is essential for both its existence and its potential benefits
The Times of Captivity : Prisoners of War and Temporality during the Great Northern War
No full textThe Swedish prisoner of war captivity in Russia during the Great Northern War (1700–1721) has been subject to plenty of research. However, little has been written about how these prisoners of war, and prisoners of war in general, experience and perceive time. How the Swedish prison office in Moscow, ran by captured high-ranking officials, manage temporality in the places where prisoners are held captive remains unexplored, too. By applying theoretical perspectives of temporality on egodocuments written by prisoners and documents of the prison office, this thesis thus aims to explore how some prisoners of war and the prison office deal with temporality during the war. The study shows that the prisoners encounter multiple temporalities during their captivity. These range from birthday celebrations of Peter the Great to the seasonal understanding of ice forming on rivers in the autumn and melting in the spring. How the prisoners deal with these encounters can be understood in terms of practices of synchronisation, according to historian Helge Jordheim. Moreover, the study finds that the prison office projects Swedish temporality on the prisoners through the clergy. An example of this is the notion of Sweden being the new Israel, as chosen by God, which is used as a way of understanding the causality and time frame of the captivity. The thesis also uncovers the importance of temporality as a way of dealing with crisis. This is done both by registering dates and by invoking patience – two different strategies for them to cope with the uncertainty of time in early modern captivity
Den omförhandlade kristendomen : Anders Nygrens filosofiska och prästerliga svar på en avkristnad värld
No full textThis article examines how the work of swedish philosopher, theologian and priest Anders Nygren relates to the phenomenon known as secularization, in the form of the three secularizing tendencies that dominated the twentieth century. The article places the works of Nygren in the context of church debates relating to changing Christian practices and views on faith. This is done in three steps: first we look at Nygrens response to the changing role of the priests, the questioning of Christian ethics and of the new Christian and theological movements that sought to remove the collective aspect of Christian live and instead make it something personal. Second, we look at the relationship between the church and the state and how views on this was deeply affected by World War II. Third we look at the Swedish debate concerning faith and knowing and how Nygren responded to the criticism that was aimed towards him there. The analysis finds that a hidden theme in the body of work of Anders Nygren is secularization and its consequences. Although Nygren rarely mentions the specific secularizing reforms, his intention is undoubtedly to defend Christianity against these atheistic influences. This has shown Nygrens theology in a new light that previous research has overlooked
Calibrating and Pricing Nordic Equity Derivatives with a Four-Factor Path-Dependent Volatility Model
No full textIn this thesis, the 4-factor path-dependent (4FPDV) volatility model of Guyon and Lekeufack (2023) is calibrated to market implied volatility smiles. This is done for the stock indices OMX, SPX, and SX5E, as well as for the Nordic stock NDA SE and three other Nordic stocks. In addition to how the model is able to fit to the smile, stylized facts about volatility and options on the real market is discussed and the ability of the model to recreate these is analyzed. The analysis of the stylized facts is done using several statistical tools and the model’s behaviour is compared to OMX. The results show that the 4FPDV model is able to accurately fit all the implied volatility smiles over several maturities. The model is also able to recreate stylized facts such as the leverage effect, volatility clustering, and the Zumbach effect. Lastly, a complicated structured contract with the four mentioned Nordic stocks as underlying assets is priced using the model. The price is benchmarked to that of a local volatility model, which it stays relatively close to. The simulation, calibration, and pricing is implemented in python using mainly the PyTorch library
