Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Income protection as a recruitment tool for trade unions : A quantitative analysis of union income insurance in Sweden
No full textTrade unions are important players in the labour market as well as in political life. Over the past decades union density has declined, both in Sweden and many other countries, which raises the question of why people join a trade union and how unions meet this development. A potential way to regain union members is to provide a so-called selective incentive, which means that union members receive a certain benefit that non-members do not enjoy. Since the beginning of the 2000s, a clear example of such a selective incentive has been introduced among the Swedish trade unions in the form of union-linked income insurance that supplements public unemployment insurance. This thesis aims to test the theory of selective incentives on the introduction of the union income insurance schemes in Sweden by exploiting the variance that exists because unions have introduced such schemes at different points in time. Through a difference-in-differences analysis suitable for cases with differences in treatment timing, the effect of introducing income insurance on union membership development is examined. The analysis indicates that there is a positive association between income insurance and membership development, but also that trade unions that introduce income insurance already have a more positive membership development compared to other trade unions. Therefore, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the possible effect of income insurance and its role as a selective incentive. Nevertheless, this thesis contributes to increased knowledge about how union membership can be studied and suggests interesting areas for future research
3D-Scanning of Existing Concrete Structures to Identify Damages
No full textThis study evaluates the potential of 3D-scanning as a method to identify and document damages in historical concrete structures, focusing on a heritage-listed industrial building in Dannemora, Sweden. The aim was to assess whether 3D-scanning can replace or complement traditional inspection methods. Using a Leica RTC 360 scanner and Cyclone 3DR software, the study analyzed two specific parts of the structure: a concrete ceiling and a concrete wall opening. The results demonstrate that 3D-scanning is effective for detecting spalling and cracks with an accuracy of 0.8mm and can reduce time consumption by up to 50% compared to visual inspections. However, the technology could not detect microcracks or filter for reinforcement corrosion, highlighting the need to combine methods. The conclusion is that 3D-scanning should be viewed as a complement to traditional methods, especially for complex assessments of concrete durabilityDenna studie undersöker potentialen hos 3D-scanning som metod för att identifiera och dokumentera skador i historiska betongkonstruktioner, med fokus på en K-märkt industribyggnad i Dannemora. Syftet var att utvärdera om 3D-scanning kan ersätta eller komplettera traditionella besiktningsmetoder. Studien använde en Leica RTC 360-scanner och Cyclone 3DR-mjukvara för att analysera två specifika delar av konstruktionen: ett betonginnertak och en betongväggöppning. Resultaten visar att 3D-scanning är effektivt för att upptäcka avflagningar och sprickor med en noggrannhet på 0,8 mm och kan reducera tidsåtgången med upp till 50 % jämfört med okulära besiktningar. Dock kunde tekniken inte detektera mikrosprickor eller filtrera ut korrosion i armeringen, vilket understryker vikten av att kombinera metoder. Slutsatsen är att 3D-scanning bör ses som ett komplement till traditionella metoder, särskilt för komplexa bedömningar av betongens långsiktiga hållbarhet
Middle-Out Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Support Pediatric Dosing Recommendation for Alectinib
No full textAdult patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated with 600 mg alectinib twice daily (BID) as first-line treatment. ALK positive solid and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are described in the pediatric population, with limited clinical data due to the rarity of the disease and challenges to determine the right dosing. This study aims to inform pediatric dose recommendations for alectinib by performing a middle-out physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach, accounting for differences in absorption and enzyme maturation. The developed adult PBPK model is leveraging insights from two previously developed PBPK models (focusing on absorption and drug-drug interactions) and is complemented with newly generated data. The adult PBPK model is validated with pharmacokinetic data from two clinical studies in the adult population. The ratios between the predicted and observed steady-state AUC after 600 mg BID for 28 days are within the acceptable range in three different adult body weight categories (from 0.81 to 1.02). Initial pediatric dose recommendations are informed by population PK model predictions (assuming no maturation of enzymes) and aim to have similar exposure to the adult population. Intrinsic clearance values for all contributing CYP enzymes are included in the pediatric PBPK model to account for changes in enzyme maturation. The current PBPK model confirmed that the recommended alectinib doses by population PK predictions were accurate for the pediatric age range, with one exception: patients younger than 3.5 years are suggested to receive 100 mg BID, instead of 190 mg BID
Exploring turnover among first-line managers in healthcare : a cohort study of span of control, management performance and stress indicators
No full textPurpose The purpose of this study is to examine if and how an expanded span of control, management performance and work-related stress indicators (control, support and relationships) influence the time until first-line managers leave their position. Design/methodology/approach A prospective longitudinal cohort design involving 87 first-line managers in a Swedish health-care region. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse expanded span of control, work-related stress indicators and management performance as predictors of turnover. Findings The findings indicate that first-line managers who were categorized as having moderate concern and a need for improvement in the work-related stress indicators control and manager support had a significantly higher risk of turnover. In contrast, expanded span of control and the number of employees managed per first-line manager did not significantly influence turnover risk. In addition, the work-related stress indicator relationships was not significantly associated with risk of turnover. Originality/value This study expands the understanding of actual turnover among first-line managers in health care by exploring how organizational factors influence the decision to leave. Unlike previous research, which primarily examines turnover intentions, this study takes a longitudinal perspective, capturing real turnover events over time. The findings contribute to future research on organizational conditions, providing a basis for developing strategies to improve retention and working conditions for first-line managers in health care
Testing the Rossby Paradigm : Weakened Magnetic Braking in Early K-type Stars
No full textThere is an intricate relationship between the organization of large-scale magnetic fields by a stellar dynamo and the rate of angular momentum loss due to magnetized stellar winds. An essential ingredient for the operation of a large-scale dynamo is the Coriolis force, which imprints organizing flows on the global convective patterns and inhibits the complete cancellation of bipolar magnetic regions. Consequently, it is natural to expect a rotational threshold for large-scale dynamo action and for the efficient angular momentum loss that it mediates through magnetic braking. Here we present new observational constraints on magnetic braking for an evolutionary sequence of six early K-type stars. To determine the wind braking torque for each of our targets, we combine spectropolarimetric constraints on the large-scale magnetic field, Ly alpha or X-ray constraints on the mass-loss rate, as well as uniform estimates of the stellar rotation period, mass, and radius. As identified previously from similar observations of hotter stars, we find that the wind braking torque decreases abruptly by more than an order of magnitude at a critical value of the stellar Rossby number. Given that all of the stars in our sample exhibit clear activity cycles, we suggest that weakened magnetic braking may coincide with the operation of a subcritical stellar dynamo
A Comparative Study of Integral Fuel Burnable Absorbers : Coupling Depletion and Fuel Performance
No full textIntegral fuel burnable absorbers (IFBA) is a type of nuclear fuel developed by Westinghouse Electric Company that coats the fuel in a standard UO2 fuel rod with ZrB2, a burnable absorber. IFBA is used for long term reactivity control, with it being especially useful for extended fuel cycles. ZrB2 has many desirable material properties that make it suitable for IFBA. However, it predominantly captures neutrons through the 10B(n,a) reaction which produces helium. This helium leads to an elevated rod internal pressure (RIP), which becomes a safety concern at high burnup where fission gas release is also occurring. This thesis compares a range of alternatives to ZrB2 with the goal of finding a material with similar performance, but lower helium production. To this end the depletion and fuel performance were compared for IFBA rods using a range of borides (ZrB2, DyB6, EuB6, YbB6, SmB6, HfB2, and ErB4) alongside cadmium oxide CdO.With regards to fuel performance, the differences were found to be negligible besides the difference in helium production and therefore RIP. It was concluded that the key metric for fuel performance in IFBA rods is the rod internal pressure. The depletion calculations demonstrated that two of the candidates ErB4 and YbB6 provided similar reactivity worths and lifetimes to ZrB2,but with the potential to reduce helium production. ErB4 demonstrated higher potential in this regard, but both compounds were deemed to merit further investigation into manufacturability, cost and chemical compatibility. Additionally, the compounds GdB6 and EuB6 were found to have distinctly different depletion behaviours to ZrB2 but could potentially be an interesting avenue for future research due to their high fraction of non-helium producing captures
VARMA VERSUS STEADY-STATE BVAR FOR MACROECONOMIC FORECASTING
No full textThis study examines whether Vector Autoregressive Moving Average (VARMA) models, which are theoretically attractive, can forecast macroeconomic data more accurately than the widely used Steady-State Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) model. Previous research shows that VARMAs can outperform (frequentist) Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models in forecasting macroeconomic data. There is some evidence suggesting that this does not necessarily hold if the VARs are Bayesian. To investigate this further, an out-of-sample forecasting competition is conducted for a Swedish macroeconomic data set, comparing the point forecasts, interval forecasts, and density forecasts of VARMA, Steady-State BVAR, and a benchmark univariate Autoregressive (AR) model. The results show that, overall, in terms of point, interval, and density forecast performance, the Steady-State BVAR is superior to the VARMA and the benchmark. The VARMA does show improvement over the benchmark model; however, there are cases where the benchmark performs better. The results make a strong case for the continued use of the Steady-State BVAR, instead of VARMAs, for macroeconomic forecasting
The Difference between Disposal and Disposal : A Document Analysis of the Definition of Disposal used by The Swedish National Archives
No full textIn Sweden, the concept of disposal of archival records is defined not only as the complete physical destruction of records, but also as the partial loss of information. This means that even disposed records may still be accessible in some form. The losses covered by the definition include the loss of content, the loss of potential compilations, the loss of searchability, and the loss of the ability to verify a record's authenticity. This definition was formulated within the framework of författningsprojektet, a regulatory project carried out by the Swedish National Archives between 1985 and 1992. The study applies a qualitative method, primarily based on document analysis, using working materials, meeting notes, and consultation responses from the project as the main sources. The thesis explores the cognitive understanding and practical application of the disposal definition within state archives. The analysis reveals significant variation in how the concept of disposal is interpreted, with the definition giving rise to confusion and ambiguity. The most widely accepted understanding continues to be that disposal means complete physical destruction, while the broader interpretation has struggled to gain traction. Some aspects of the definition are anchored in legal frameworks, which complicates the possibility of separating the various types of losses into distinct categories, even though doing so could greatly improve and clarify the use of the term. In recent years, the protection of personal data has received increased attention, particularly with the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) within the European Union. In legislation aimed at protecting such data, destruction is generally the default principle. In contrast, archival regulations prioritize preservation. This results in a fragmented understanding of whether records should be retained or destroyed. This is a two-year master’s thesis in Archival Science
Utveckling av ett kostnadseffektivt lagerhanteringssystem : En fallstudie med fokus på layout och spårbarhet
No full textThis thesis investigates how Terrazzospecialisten, a small company in the floor renovation industry, can improve its warehouse operations through optimized layout and digital traceability. The work is grounded in logistics theory, systems theory, and resource efficiency, and is based on a case study involving observations, interviews, surveys, and document analysis. The identified problems include a lack of structure and digital oversight, leading to material waste, extended search times, and inefficient workflows. Based on the company's specific needs, proposals were developed for a new warehouse layout using ABC classification, along with a simple digital system utilizing QR codes to enable traceability and reduce handling errors. The results show that improved structure combined with digitalization can lead to increased control, reduced lead times, and a better working environment. The conclusion is that even small businesses with limited resources can achieve significant improvements in logistics through practical and cost-effective solutions