Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
Not a member yet
127603 research outputs found
Sort by
Improving WASH facilities and practices in Bangladeshi schools : progress and challenges from 2014 to 2018
No full textBackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices lead to a higher disease burden among children and hinder their academic performance. However, there have been efforts to improve WASH between 2014 and 2018.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate changes in WASH facilities and practices in Bangladeshi schools from 2014 to 2018.MethodsWe analyzed pooled data from Bangladesh National Hygiene Survey 2014 and 2018. We performed descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) to analyze the changes over the four years time period.ResultsResults showed that basic drinking water services increased from 78% in 2014 to 90% in 2018. Schools showed a significant increase in basic sanitation services from 19% in 2014 to 52% in 2018. We discovered that students' access to water and soap increased from 2014 to 2018, from 21% to 35%. In the GEE model, we found that change in time, non govt urban schools were associated factors with improved basic drinking water services. For basic sanitation services, changes in time, school type and area type were significantly associated higher services. And for basic hygiene services, the associated factors were: schools having hygiene promotion visits, and availability of hygiene brigades at schools managed by students.ConclusionWASH services in Bangladeshi schools have improved significantly, yet disparities exist, particularly in government and rural schools. Although students' knowledge improved, their practices still need improvements through training on proper WASH practices
High prevalence of FAP plus cancer-associated fibroblasts predicts poor outcome in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer with high CD8 T-cell density
No full textObjective. Studies have implied that fibroblasts may act as regulators of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We investigated the clinical relevance of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) positive stroma in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) in relation to CD8+ lymphocyte's infiltration. Methods. In a discovery cohort (N = 113) of HGSC, expression of FAP and CD8 in the TME was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The findings were validated in an independent cohort of HGSC (N = 121) and in public available datasets. Results. High infiltration of CD8+ cells in the TME of HGSC was found to be associated with longer OS, as previously known. Increased expression of FAP was associated with shorter median PFS (11.4 vs. 18.6 months) in tumors with high density of CD8+ cells (HR 4.03, CI 95 % 1.38-11.72, p = 0.01). Similarly, in the validation cohort, high intensity of FAP in cases with high density of CD8+ cells was associated with shorter OS, 31.5 vs 76.9 months (HR 2.83; 95 % CI 1.17-6.86, p = 0.02). The results were consistent in multivariable analyses. The association between high FAP expression and poor outcome in high density CD8 HGSC was also confirmed in publicly available datasets. Conclusions. The TME infiltration of FAP-positive fibroblasts is associated with poor prognosis in HGSC with high CD8+ cells density. Targeting the FAP+ subset of fibroblasts may unlock the local immune-activation in the TME thus enhance the positive prognostic effect of T-cells in ovarian cancer. (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Omstridda framtider: Epistemologi, makt och governmentalitet av klimatförändringar : Fallet med solstrålningsreglering
No full textAs the climate crisis intensifies and mitigation measures from governments and private institutions remain dubious, solar geoengineering has emerged as a contentious proposal to buy humanity some time until proper mitigation and adaptation measures are taken. This thesis critically examines the debate around stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), using the SCoPEx project as a central case study. The debates for and against SAI are deeply rooted in epistemological questions about how power relations produce and shape knowledge. Proposals supporting and opposing SAI shape and are shaped by different visions of the future and the role of technology in society and in addressing crises, as shown. Imaginaries of the spatiality and temporality of SAI are linked also to ideas of governance and control of this new technology. The duality of ‘proponents’ and ‘opponents,’ along with the term ‘geoengineering,’ oversimplifies the complex and multifaceted nature of these debates. The discussion is embedded in a discussion on reductionist and/or misaligned framings from many sides of the debate. Emphasizing the need for inclusive and democratic dialogue, this work seeks to unpack the intersections of knowledge, power, and justice that shape decisions about both SAI and how those are inherently related to broader discussions around climate change
ChatGPT : Ett komplement till analytikers vinstprognoser?
No full textBias i prognoser av analytiker är ett problem på de finansiella marknaderna där analytiker tenderar att ge ut optimistiska prognoser på grund av incitament som att bibehålla god relation till ledningsgruppen för de företagen man följer. Framfarten av AI och Large Language Models har däremot visat sig ha en högre träffsäkerhet än mänskliga analytiker och kan således vara ett verktyg för att reducera bias i prognoser. Denna studie undersöker ChatGPT:s prognostiseringsförmåga av EPS för 2023 för företag på Stockholmsbörsen genom att mata modellen med historiska nyckeltal under perioden 2018-2022. Utifrån totalt 124 prognoser presterar ChatGPT bättre än analytikerna i 20 av dessa. Slutsatsen är därför att ChatGPT inte kan ses som ett komplement för analytikers vinstprognoser.
Contrasting seasonal patterns in particle aggregation and dissolved organic matter transformation in a sub-Arctic fjord
No full textParticulate (POM) and dissolved (DOM) organic matter in the ocean are important components of the Earth's biogeochemical cycle. The two are in a constant state of dynamic change as a result of physical and biochemical processes; however, they are mostly treated as two distinct entities, separated operationally by a filter. We studied the seasonal transition of DOM and POM pools and their drivers in a sub-Arctic fjord by means of monthly environmental sampling and by performing experiments at selected time points. For the experiments, surface water (5 m) was either pre-filtered through a GF/F filter (0.7 mu m) or left unfiltered, followed by 36 h incubations. Before and after incubation, samples were collected for dissolved and particulate organic carbon concentrations (DOC, POC), extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), microbial community (flow cytometry), and molecular composition of DOM (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry - HPLC-HRMS). During the biologically productive period, when environmental POC concentrations were high (April, June, September), the filtered water showed an increase in POC concentrations. While POC concentrations increased in September, DOM lability decreased based on changes in the average hydrogen saturation and aromaticity of DOM molecules. In contrast, during the winter period (December and February), when environmental POC concentrations were low, lower concentrations of POC were measured at the end of the experiments compared to at the start. The change in POC concentrations was significantly different between the biologically productive period and the winter period (t test; p<0.05). Simultaneously, the DOM pool became more labile during the incubation period, as indicated by changes in the average hydrogen saturation, aromaticity, and oxygen saturation, with implications for carbon cycling. The change in POC was not directly associated with an antagonistic change in DOC concentrations, highlighting the complexity of organic matter transformations, making the dynamics between POC and DOC difficult to quantify. However, in both periods, bacterial activity and EPS concentrations increased throughout the incubations, showing that bacterial degradation and physical DOM aggregation drive the transformations of POM and DOM in concert but at varying degrees under different environmental conditions
Ketamine and Esketamine in Clinical Trials : FDA‐Approved and Emerging Indications, Trial Trends With Putative Mechanistic Explanations
No full textKetamine has a long and very eventful pharmacological history. Its enantiomer, esketamine ((S)-ketamine), was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and EMA for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in 2019. The number of approved indications for ketamine and esketamine continues to increase, as well as the number of clinical trials. This analysis provides a quantitative overview of the use of ketamine and its enantiomers in clinical trials during 2014–2024. A total of 363 trials were manually assessed from clinicaltrial.gov with the search term “Ketamine.” The highest number of trials were found for the FDA-approved indications: anesthesia (~22%) and pain management (~28%) for ketamine and TRD for esketamine (~29%). Clinical trials on TRD for both ketamine and esketamine also comprised a large proportion of these trials, and interestingly, have reached phase III and phase IV status. Combinatorial treatment of psychiatric disorders and non-psychiatric conditions with pharmacological and non-pharmacological combinations (electroconvulsive therapy, psychotherapeutic techniques, virtual reality, and transcranial magnetic stimulation) is prevalent. Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine may represent novel therapeutic avenues in neuropsychiatric conditions, that is, major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, where glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress are likely to be involved. The study suggests that the number of ketamine studies will continue to grow and possible ketamine variants can be approved for treatment of additional indications
Editorial : Sociology of emotion and affect in the age of mis-, dis-, and mal-information
No full textFunktionshinders sexuella rättigheter : En netnografisk analys av hur två olika män i rullstol bildat familj i Storbritannien och USA
No full textBiophysics - Tracking and sizing of flyingmacromolecules via light scattering
No full textSingle-particle imaging (SPI) using X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL)provides a promising approach for structural determination of macromoleculesat ultrafast timescales. A key challenge in SPI is the precise aerosolizationand injection of particles into the XFEL beam to maximize hit rateswhile minimizing background noise. This study explores the use of Rayleighscattering microscopy as a tool for tracking and sizing aerosolized particles,optimizing their delivery for high-resolution imaging experiments.By employing an electrospray-based injection system and analyzing scatteredlight intensity, we demonstrate the feasibility of particle characterizationwithout requiring a full XFEL setup. Calibration using polystyrenespheres of known sizes enables accurate size determination of unknown samples.The resulting size distributions, validated against a Differential MobilityAnalyzer (DMA), confirm the reliability of this approach. Furthermore,comparative studies on Bacteriophage MS2 reinforce the applicabilityof Rayleigh scattering for biological sample analysis.The findings of this work contribute to refining aerosol delivery techniquesin SPI, improving particle focusing and injection efficiency. This methodoffers a cost-effective and iterative approach for enhancing sample delivery,paving the way for more precise and reproducible single-particle diffractionexperiments. Future developments could extend its application to studyingdynamic biomolecular processes and optimizing experimental conditions forhigh-resolution imaging
Clinician and researcher responses to the term pain catastrophizing and whether new terminology is needed : Content analysis of international, cross-sectional, qualitative survey data
No full textPain catastrophizing is understood as a negative cognitive and emotional response to pain. Researchers, clinicians, advocates, and patients have reported stigmatizing effects of the term on patients when used clinically and in the media. This report describes the results of an international, observational, cross-sectional study investigation of clinician and researcher (professionals) perspectives on the term pain catastrophizing and whether new terminology is needed or desired. Open-ended electronic surveys were distributed to researchers and clinicians by collaborators, stakeholders, and through social media. Professionals reported on their familiarity with the term, its meaning and impacts, and their use of the term with patients. 1397 surveys from professionals in 46 countries (48.5% from the U.S.) were received. The sample was almost two-thirds female (61.3%), with a mean age of 56.67 (SD=4.04) years, and comprised of 78.6% clinicians (63.6%, pain specialists; n=698) and 20.3% researchers. The majority were familiar with the term (82.2%; n=1148). Among the 1098 clinicians, 33.6% had used the term in communication with patients. A content analysis of professionals' responses to open-ended questions is presented. Coded responses were synthesized into five content categories or themes: (1) pain catastrophizing is an exaggerated response to pain; (2) pain catastrophizing is an unhelpful response to pain; (3) the term pain catastrophizing is stigmatizing; (4) the term pain catastrophizing is clinically useful; (5) patients' perception of the term varies. Results highlight the continual controversy surrounding the term pain catastrophizing and the need for additional research and education to incorporate patient-centered approaches into clinical and public communications. Perspective: We present a content analysis of international clinician and researcher perspectives on the term pain catastrophizing. This investigation provides the largest depiction to date of the controversy surrounding pain catastrophizing and may guide future efforts to decrease stigma in patients with chronic pain and improve patient- clinician communication