Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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How Classroom Climate, Student Problem Behaviors, and Collective Teacher Efficacy Relate to SWPBIS Implementation Fidelity in 23 Swedish Schools
No full textThis study explores factors influencing the implementation fidelity of the School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) program, adapted as Inclusive Behavioral Support in Schools (IBIS) in Sweden. The objective was to investigate how classroom climate, student problem behaviors, and collective teacher efficacy relate to the program's implementation fidelity across 23 Swedish schools. A total of 653 school personnel participated, completing surveys on classroom climate, problem behaviors, and collective efficacy. The Benchmark of Quality (BoQ) was used to assess implementation fidelity after seven months. Chi-square analyses revealed no significant association between program fidelity and student problem behaviors at either the classroom or school level. Similarly, no significant relationship was found with collective teacher efficacy. Interestingly, a significant association emerged between poor classroom climate at baseline and higher implementation fidelity, suggesting that schools facing greater challenges may engage more rigorously with the program to address pressing issues. These findings underscore the complexity of implementation processes and highlight the importance of contextual factors, particularly classroom climate, in influencing the successful adoption of evidence-based interventions in educational settings. These findings provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers, emphasizing the need to consider classroom climate when implementing evidence-based interventions like SWPBIS, ultimately supporting more effective and sustainable positive behavior programs in schools
Characteristics of children with ataxic cerebral palsy
No full textBackground To compare the characteristics, functional levels, and comorbidities of children with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP), with those of children with other CP subtypes. Methods A cross-sectional study of children with CP born between 2000 and 2019 as reported in the Scandinavian national CP follow-up programmes and quality registries. Data for age, sex, levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), epilepsy, intellectual disability, and pain were extracted. Results There were 302 children (3.9%) with ataxic CP and 7336 children (96.1%) with other subtypes. Children with ataxic CP differed significantly from other subtypes, with a greater proportion classified in GMFCS II (37.7% vs. 15%), MACS II (41.4% vs. 24.8%), and CFCS II (24.7% vs. 10.5%), more girls (50.7% vs. 41.7%), school-aged (47% vs. 41.6%), adolescents (33.4% vs. 25.4%), or had an intellectual disability (51.2% vs. 38.4%), but the prevalence of pain and epilepsy was similar between the subtypes. Conclusions Children with ataxic CP have different characteristics and functional levels than children with other subtypes. We recommend a thorough examination of motor performance, communication, and intellectual disability to meet the individual needs of children with ataxic CP
Translational paradigm of MXene nanocomposites : biophysical advancements to modern applications
No full textThe expanding potential of 2D MXenes opens up promising avenues for flexible biomedical applications. MXenes, a new family of two-dimensional materials with exceptional mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties, have garnered attention for their potential to revolutionize healthcare. These properties enable MXenes to interface seamlessly with biological systems, offering innovative diagnostics, therapeutics, and regenerative medicine solutions. In the biomedical domain, MXenes have shown promise in antibacterial applications, drug delivery, biosensing, photothermal therapy, and tissue engineering, and their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization enhance their utility in real-world healthcare settings. Their large surface areas make them ideal for drug delivery systems, enabling precise encapsulation and release of therapeutic molecules. High electrical conductivity of MXenes has opened new possibilities for neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfaces, potentially restoring lost functions. Their excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance make MXenes promising for durable orthodontic devices. Furthermore, their surface-modification capabilities allow for innovative biosensing and diagnostic platforms for sensitive disease detection. MXenes are compatible with imaging techniques, making them suitable contrast agents that can enhance the resolution of medical imaging. MXenes also hold potential in wearable health monitoring devices, advanced bioelectronics, and smart implants, bridging the gap between laboratory research and clinical deployment. However, there are certain challenges regarding their biocompatibility, long-term effects, and large-scale production, which need further research to ensure their safe integration into biomedical applications. This review presents the advancements in the biophysical fabrication of 2D MXenes and their antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility, along with their applications in diagnostics, imaging, biosensing, and therapeutics
Boron depth distribution in iron surfaces at high-dose implantation
No full textDue to application of lead-free materials in soldering technology, the degradation of industrial tools is accelerated. However, this can be circumvented with boriding. Two types of boride phases are usually formed (FeB and Fe2B), causing internal stress due to the different crystal structures. Our aim with B+ ion implantations is to avoid this weakness and create a single-phase iron boride layer. The ion implantation was performed at different doses (6.9·1017-1·1018 ions/cm2) of boron ions and with bombarding energies of 25 keV and 100 keV. The depth distribution of implanted boron was investigated by Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry (SNMS) depth profile analyses, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements, and by Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA). The purpose of these measurements was to obtain information about the boron distribution produced by high-dose implantation. Our experimental analyses show that the boron distribution is more of a Pearson IV type than a Gaussian type
Fabrication of a plasmonic-nose sensor for rapid identification of plant pathogenic bacteria based on optoelectronic analysis
No full textPlant pathogenic bacteria are one of the most important threats to agriculture production, diminishing the growth and development of host crops. Bacterial diagnostic is based on traditional microbiological methods, including isolation, purification, and a further confirmatory immunological or molecular test for accurate identification. In this work, we present the design and fabrication of a plasmonic optoelectronic sensor based on seven "olfactory receptors" formed by seven gold nanoparticle (AuNP) morphologies, including nano bones, nanospheres, nanorods, and nano shuttles with two sizes and nanostars. The AuNPs work as a central part of the sensor for color change analysis, the principle of which is based on the reduction of Tollens' reagent with aldehydes produced by the tested phytopathogenic bacteria during their growth. Depending on the concentration and redox potential of the produced aldehydes, the reduction of Tollens' reagent will be a critical step in differentiating between bacteria species. A photograph captures the colorimetric response, and then the RGB values are extracted with an image analysis algorithm designed and presented here. Our results show clear chemical discrimination between five plant pathogenic bacteria after 3 h of incubation in the sensor; no misclassification was observed after this incubation time using hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discrimination analysis. In an experimental model, the sensor correctly classified Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola isolated from halo blight symptomatic leaves and distinguished between other fluorescent bacteria isolated from bean leaves. In addition, the image analysis algorithm presented here can improve RGB extraction due to removing interferences in the sensor substrate compared with the already reported RGB color extraction methods
Experiences of participation in cardiorespiratory training among people with post-stroke fatigue : a qualitative study
No full textObjective: To explore the experiences of 8-week thrice-weekly supervised intense cardiorespiratory interval training at home in people with post-stroke fatigue. Design: Qualitative, using semi-structured individual interviews. Methods: Eleven people with post-stroke fatigue were recruited from a study investigating the effects of supervised intense cardiorespiratory interval training. The interviews were conducted 1–2 weeks after the intervention period and analysed inductively with qualitative content analysis. Results: The theme “Supervised cardiorespiratory interval training at home was perceived as feasible and safe, reducing fatigue and contributing to enhanced self-efficacy in both exercise and everyday life” was based on 4 main categories: “Experiences of performing the intervention and testing, “Perceived impact of the intervention on fatigue”, “Perceived impact of the intervention on self-efficacy”, and “The reinforcing experiences of exercise transfer to everyday life”. The informants reported that participating in the intervention made them feel physically and mentally stronger and no longer restricted by a lack of confidence in performing activities that increased their heart rate. Conclusions: Participating in supervised intense cardiorespiratory interval training provided a model on how to train, which was transferable to other contexts in everyday life. The training improved exercise self-efficacy and gave the informants the confidence to challenge themselves in everyday life
Reconstruction of the GANIL-NFS spectral neutron flux with Medley using elastically scattered protons
No full textThe experimental setup called Medley, has been installed at the Neutrons For Science (NFS) facility at GANIL to study the production of light-ions in neutron-induced reactions. The setup was first used to measure the neutron spectral flux from neutron-proton elastic scattering, allowing both an assessment of its performance, and providing an independent measurement of the neutron flux of the facility. The experimental setup, its performance, and the challenges encountered are presented and discussed. The deduced neutron flux is compared to the one obtained from a monitor based on position-sensitive parallel plate avalanche counters (PS-PPACs)
Nicotine in E-cigarette aerosol may lead to pulmonary inflammation
No full textBackground Cigarette smoking stands as one of the leading causes of preventable death globally. Alternative tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, have gained popularity due to the general perception of being less harmful. However, much is still unknown about the health implications of these novel products. In this study, we aimed to investigate if e-cigarettes could induce pulmonary inflammatory responses by measuring lung-related circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the blood of healthy volunteers following brief e-cigarette vaping sessions, with and without nicotine. Methods 22 healthy volunteers were included. Employing a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design all participants vaped 30 puffs of e-cigarette aerosol, with and without nicotine, over a 30-min period. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30- and 105-min following exposure. Lung-related EVs were quantified using flow cytometry. Analyzed markers included angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (ALDH3B1), palate, lung and epithelial clone (PLUNC), complement component 3 (C3), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), and uteroglobin, also known as club cell protein 16 (CC16). All these markers are associated with pulmonary inflammation. Results E-cigarette use, with nicotine but not without, resulted in a significant increase in three out of the six lung-related inflammatory markers measured and clear increases though not statistically significant in the remaining three. Conclusion The observed increase in levels of circulating lung-related inflammatory EV markers following vaping e-cigarette aerosol containing nicotine suggests that inhaled nicotine plays a central role in triggering pulmonary inflammation.Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT04175457
Expanding the "Terpenome" : Diterpene Synthases Accept GGPP-Ether Substrates
No full textThree geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate derivatives carrying an ether group at different positions within geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate were employed in biotransformations with five diterpene synthases (CotB2, PvHVS, PaFS, Bnd4 and TXS) derived from plants, bacteria and fungi. A total of six new oxygen-containing diterpenoids were isolated and characterized, deepening our knowledge on the substrate promiscuity of diterpene synthases. In addition, the diterpene synthase PvHVS also accepts an ether derivative of farnesyl pyrophosphate and converts it to the same tetrahydrofuran core as found for the analogous extended GGPP substrate. This result further demonstrates that diterpene synthases also exhibit promiscuity toward truncated unnatural substrates
Early Eocene Paleoclimate and Marine Phytoplankton Evolution
No full textPaper I The early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; ~53–49 Ma) was the warmest sustained global warming episode of the Cenozoic, accompanied by major alterations in terrestrial and marine biota. Here we detail changes in low-latitude calcareous nannofossil assemblages at two tropical sites in the equatorial Atlantic (ODP Site 1258) and Pacific (ODP Site 865), across the EECO and the subsequent early to middle Eocene cooling transition (EMET, ~49-47 Ma). Our results show that the evolutionary turnover between Toweius and Reticulofenestra is characterized by a two-step decline in Toweius, marking peak warmth during the EECO (52-50 Ma). Tropical nannofossil assemblages reveal a broad acme of Discoaster during the same time, as previously reported at several sites, but also uniquely show distinct abundance increases in Campylosphaera, Umbilicosphaera, and Calcidiscus. The decline of these taxa and the rapid expansion of Reticulofenestra characterized the conclusion of the EECO and the start of global temperature decline ~49 Ma. Multivariate statistical analysis of these and nine other nannofossil datasets from higher latitudes reveals that the occurrence and prevalence of specialist taxa constitutes a distinct tropical signature in addition to the previously identified latitudinal expansion of (sub)tropical taxa during the EECO. This pronounced compositional contrast was likely enabled by enhanced thermal stratification, sluggish ocean circulation, and intensified hydrological dynamics of the tropics during the EECO. Global cooling and more vigorous meridional overturning circulation after the EECO likely explain increased connectivity, biogeographical restructuring, and the establishment of the first Reticulofenestra-dominated coccolithophore communities. Paper II The genus Toweius was a globally distributed group of coccolithophores that thrived during the late Paleocene and early Eocene. Characterized by circular to elliptical coccoliths with three concentric tubes, Toweius is notable for its evolutionary linkage and abundance turnover with Reticulofenestra during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; 53–49 Ma). This study focuses on a newly identified Toweius morphotype (herein labeled Toweius type II) from the tropics, which lacks the typical inner and middle tubes found in known Toweius species (Toweius type I). The unique morphology of Toweius type II raises important questions about its origin and evolutionary significance. Biometric analysis of 1,462 individual specimens, combined with light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reveals that coccolith size, central area-to-rim ratio, and shape serve as reliable diagnostic criteria for distinguishing between morphotypes. Our results show that Toweius type II predominantly comprises small (~3 µm) and thin (sub)circular coccoliths with a larger central area, lower mass estimate, and thus reduced calcification, compared to Toweius type I. These distinctive traits, particularly the light calcification and a wider central area, may reflect a genetically regulated physiological adaptation that enabled Toweius type II to persist under extreme EECO conditions for an additional two million years following the decline of Toweius type I. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of this morphotype alongside rare transitional forms before the EECO suggests that it may not merely be an ecophenotypic response to environmental stress. Instead, we propose that Toweius type II evolved gradually through phyletic speciation, involving the complete loss of the inner R-unit tubes within a sub(circular) Toweius ancestor