Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
Not a member yet
127603 research outputs found
Sort by
Motivational Factors for Exercise and Their Impact on Physical Activity Level
No full textBakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet har många hälsofrämjande effekter, och motivation är avgörande för att vidmakthålla träning över tid. Inre motivation, som hälsa och nöje, främjar långsiktigt engagemang, medan yttre motivation, som utseende eller social status, ökar risken för att träningen ska upphöra. Motivationsfaktorer till träning kan skilja sig åt mellan åldrar och kön, krävs dock fortsatt forskning för att bättre förstå dessa samband. Metod: Studien använde en kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign med data från en enkät riktad till kvinnor i åldrarna 20–35 och 50–65 år som tränade minst en gång per vecka. Fysisk aktivitetsnivå mättes med International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form och motivationsfaktorer med egenkonstruerade frågor inspirerade av Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale och The Exercise Motivations Inventory 2. Enkäten distribuerades via Facebook, och data analyserades med Spearman korrelationstest och Mann-Whitney U-test. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitetsnivå och motivationsfaktorer (inre: hälsa, yttre: utseende) samt att jämföra motivationen hos aktiva kvinnor i åldrarna 20–35 och 50–65 år. Resultat: Enkätsvaren (n = 62) visade att yngre kvinnor var något mer aktiva. En låg positiv korrelation identifierades mellan inre motivation och fysisk aktivitetsnivå, medan yttre motivation visade inget eller ett svagt negativt samband med fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Äldre kvinnor drevs i högre grad av inre motivation, medan ingen skillnad noterades i yttre motivation mellan grupperna. Konklusion: Studien identifierar ett lågt samband mellan högre grad av inre motivation och ökad aktivitetsnivå, vilket understryker vikten av att fysioterapeuter arbetar utifrån ett biopsykosocialt perspektiv för stärka inre motivationsfaktorer, öka träningsföljsamhet och främja långsiktig hälsa.Background: Physical activity has many health-promoting effects, and motivation is essential to maintain exercise over time. Intrinsic motivation, such as health and enjoyment, promotes long-term commitment, while extrinsic motivation, such as appearance or social status, increases the risk of discontinuing exercise. Motivational factors may vary between age and genders, highlighting the need for further research to better understand these relationships. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity level and motivational factors (intrinsic: health, extrinsic: appearance) and to compare the motivation of active women aged 20–35 and 50–65. Method: The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design, surveying women aged 20–35 and 50–65 who exercised at least once weekly. Physical activity was measured with Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form, and motivation with questions inspired by Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale and The Exercise Motivations Inventory 2. Data, collected via Facebook, were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and Mann-Whitney U. Results: The survey responses (n = 62) showed that younger women were more physically active. A weak correlation was identified between intrinsic motivation and physical activity level, while extrinsic motivation showed little to no negative correlation with physical activity level. Older women were more strongly driven by intrinsic motivation, while no difference in extrinsic motivation was observed between the groups. Conclusion: The study identifies a low correlation between higher levels of intrinsic motivation and increased activity level, which underlines the importance of physiotherapists adopting a biopsychosocial perspective to strengthen intrinsic motivation factors, increase exercise adherence and promote long-term health
"Det är högt och lågt och det dagliga arbetet återspeglar det jag får ut i fickan" : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om medarbetares upplevelser av att arbeta mot en provisionsbaserad lön
No full textDenna studie undersöker medarbetares upplevelser av att arbeta mot en provisionsbaserad lönemodell inom ett rekryterings- och bemanningsföretag. Fokuset ligger på att förstå möjligheterna och utmaningarna med att arbeta i en prestationsbaserad miljö varav faktorerna motivation, stress och företagskultur analyseras i syfte att förstå hur dessa kan forma skilda erfarenheter, men även hur uppfattningen kring företagskulturen bidrar till dessa upplevelser. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod, där intervjuer används för att samla in data, och de insamlade resultaten analyseras med hjälp av teorierna Symbolisk interaktionism och Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Resultaten visar att företagskulturen har en avgörande inverkan på medarbetarnas upplevelser, där en kultur som främjar samarbete och kollegiala relationer kan motverka de negativa effekterna av en prestationsinriktad arbetsmiljö. Samtidigt förstärker kulturen prestationsnormer som både ökar motivationen och skapar en jämförande arbetsmiljö, vilket kan påverka den egna självbilden negativt. Provisionsmodellen upplevs främst som en drivkraft, men ibland även som en källa till stress och ekonomisk otrygghet, särskilt vid låg arbetsbelastning. Medarbetarna menar att modellen är mest fördelaktig i tidigare skeden av karriären, innan behovet av stabilitet och trygghet ökar. Sammanfattningsvis framkommer att den provisionsbaserade lönemodellen både erbjuder incitament för ökad prestation och skapar stress, och att företagskulturen spelar en viktig roll i att moderera dessa effekter
Nåderik, barmhärtig och ond? : Al-Ghazālī, Ibn-Rushd och predestination.
No full textThis study analyzes the doctrine of predestination in Islamic thought concerning the problem of evil through a comparative analysis of the perspectives of Al-Ghazālī and Ibn-Rushd. The primary aim is to explore how their respective doctrines of predestination relate to the concept of God as merciful, compassionate, and loving. The study addresses the research question: How do Al-Ghazālī ’s and Ibn-Rushd’s conceptions of predestination relate to the idea of God as merciful and compassionate?A critical idea analysis is employed as the primary method, consisting of a descriptive argument analysis to identify and present the central arguments of the two thinkers. This is followed by an analytical argument evaluation to test the validity and coherence of their perspectives on the existence of evil in a divinely predestined world. Alvin Plantinga's modal ontological argument is utilized as the theoretical framework, positing that a maximally perfect God must be omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect.The results indicate that Al-Ghazālī emphasizes God’s absolute sovereignty, portraying Him as the sole agent responsible for all creation. While this view aligns with the notion of an omnipotent God, it becomes problematic in relation to the existence of evil, as Al-Ghazālī argues that God directly creates all things, including evil. This stance conflicts with the idea of a morally perfect God. Conversely, Ibn-Rushd adopts an Aristotelian emanationist view, suggesting that everything emanates necessarily from God’s perfect nature. This perspective explains evil as a byproduct of creation rather than a direct result of God’s will. Although more forgiving concerning the problem of evil, this view challenges the concepts of divine agency and intentional will, thereby limiting God’s omnipotence.The study concludes that neither Al-Ghazālī ’s nor Ibn-Rushd’s doctrines of predestination fully harmonize with the concept of a maximally perfect God as defined by Plantinga. Both positions face significant challenges in reconciling the notion of God’s mercy and compassion with the existence of evil
Från början till slut som utbytesstudent i Amsterdam : En etnologisk studie om upplevelser som utbytesstudent inom högre utbildning i Amsterdam
No full textMödrars upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande när de inte vill eller kan amma : En litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: WHO rekommenderar exklusiv amning under spädbarnets första sex månader. I Sverige har man observerat en stadig minskning av exklusiv amning och orsaker hos spädbarnet kan vara viktminskning eller sjukdom och hos moder, såriga bröstvårtor, mastit eller otillräcklig mjölkproduktion. För vissa mödrar kan amning vara ett mål men samtidigt någonting som samhället skapat som norm för att kvinnan ska känna sig som en god moder. Distriktssköterskan har en viktig men splittrad uppgift genom att jobba amningsfrämjande samtidigt som hen ska ha respekt för moderns val att ge bröstmjölksersättning och arbeta personcentrerat. Syftet: Syftet var att undersöka mödrarnas upplevelse av vårdpersonalens bemötande av mödrar som inte kan eller vill amma. Metod: En integrativ litteraturöversikt med kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar valdes som studiedesign. Litteratursökningen gjordes via databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på 21 vetenskapliga artiklar med fyra teman och 12 subkategorier. Många mödrar upplevde att vårdpersonalens fokus låg på att främja amning, vilket resulterade i att de upplevde bristfälligt stöd och information. Mödrarna upplevde skuld och skam över sitt val att inte amma. Slutsats: Baserat på resultatet är det viktigt att vårdpersonal bemöter mödrarna med respekt utifrån deras val av matningsmetod. Vårdpersonal står inför utmaningar när det gäller att balansera främjandet av amning samtidigt som de behöver ge tillräckligt stöd till mödrar som inte ammar.Background: WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life. In Sweden, a steady decline in exclusive breastfeeding has been observed. Possible causes of this decline include sore nipples, mastitis, insufficient milk supply in the mother, as well as weight loss or illness in the infant. For some mothers, breastfeeding can represent both a personal goal and a societal norm, making them feel pressure to conform in order to be perceived as good mothers. The community health nurse has an important yet fragmented role in promoting breastfeeding while respecting the mother’s choice to use formula and adhering to a person-centred approach. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate mothers’ experiences of healthcare providers’ attitudes and treatment towards mothers who cannot or choose not to breastfeed. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted, including both qualitative and quantitative scientific articles. The databases PubMed and CINAHL were used for the literature search. Results: The results are based on 21 scientific articles that identified four themes and 12 subcategories. Many mothers felt that healthcare professionals focused primarily on promoting breastfeeding, which led to a perceived lack of support and insufficient information for those who did not breastfeed. Mothers reported experiencing feelings of guilt and shame related to their decision not to breastfeed. Conclusion: It is essential that healthcare professionals treat mothers with respect, regardless of their chosen feeding method. Healthcare professionals face challenges in balancing the promotion of breastfeeding with providing adequate support to mothers who opt not to breastfeed
“FUBU”- For Us, By Us? A Study on Knowledge Production and the Representation of Paradigms and Perspectives in Swedish Political Science Education
No full textThe thesis studies the representativity of classical-, modern-, and critical paradigms and perspectives in the curricular contents of course descriptions and the assigned course literature, of political science bachelor and master level studies in the Swedish context of higher education. The research objective was studied by combining discourse analytical practices in a mixed methods approach, through qualitative and quantitative assessments on the meaning and frequencies of semiotic framings. The descriptive overview of leanings in paradigms and perspectives found were further contextualised with student enrolment data, making visible of potential patterns in whom' is taught what in political science education in Sweden. The study reveals a dominance of modern perspectives in the curricular contents as well as a strong- moderate presence of classical perspectives. Critical perspectives were found to be marginalised with a polarized presence in the curricular contents. Much of the inclusion, of critical perspectives, were found to correlate with the electable standing of courses. The enrolment data highlighted patterns of gendered preferences, with female students being more inclined to enrol in courses of a stronger critical orientation than male students. The findings contribute with descriptive insights to the representation of perspectives in political science education and whom’ is taught what within the context of political science education in Sweden. By mapping out the biases of the curricular contents, studying these as possible expressions of institutional restraint creates space for constructive discussions on the politics of education. Emphasizing the importance of inclusive epistemic practices in political science education.
Structural Power and State Capacity : Hierarchical Global Orders in the U.S.-China Geoeconomic Rivalry
No full textAs the escalation in trade rivalry between the U.S. and China is fragmenting the globalized order, it resuscitates questions about the spatial calculus of power. These invigorate debates on the limits and reaches of economic interdependence and draw closer attention to the domestic capacities of states. The rivalry’s geoeconomic context, however, defies traditional measures and theories of power and leaves questions about multipolarity and impending global order shifts unresolved. This thesis examines the role of state capacities in the formation of global orders. My empirical analysis offers novel multidimensional measures that correspond to the rivalry’s geoeconomic context. I construct a productivity-adjusted measure of state capacity and approximate structural power by trade intensity in value-added goods. A time-series hierarchical cluster analysis and hierarchical mixed-effects model add a dynamic dimension to the comparative research on great power rivalry. The results reveal state capacity’s significant impact on structural power and, in turn, on global order formations. They highlight that geoeconomic pressures on states under the U.S.-China rivalry are not uniform; instead, they co-evolve alongside strategic regional clusters that split the world order into bipolar camps. As low-capacity states seek risk aversion in strategic security alliances, a hierarchical global order emerges
What is the effect of combined training compared to strength training alone on strength gains in individuals with experience in strength training? : A systematic review
No full textBakgrund: Kombinerad styrke- och aerob träning har länge diskuterats för sina potentiella effekter på styrkeökning. Tidigare forskning har visat motsägande resultat kring den så kallade störningseffekten där aerob träning kan hämma styrketräningens resultat. Syfte: Att undersöka vilken effekt kombinerad träning i jämförelse med enbart styrketräning har på styrkeökning hos individer med erfarenhet av styrketräning. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes där fem randomiserade kontrollerade studier (RCT) inkluderades via databasen PubMed. Kvaliteten på studierna granskades med TESTEX-skalan och tillförlitligheten bedömdes med ett modifierat GRADE-system. Resultat: Resultaten indikerar att kombinerad träning i flera fall leder till mindre styrkeökningar jämfört med enbart styrketräning. Majoriteten av studierna visar på en störningseffekt, men sammanvägningen påvisar låg tillförlitlighet. Konklusion: Kombinerad träning kan hämma styrkeökning hos individer med tidigare erfarenhet från styrketräning men osäkerheten i resultaten betonar behovet av ytterligare forskning med högre metodologisk kvalitet.Background: Combined strength and aerobic training has been widely debated for its potential impact on strength gains. Previous research presents conflicting results regarding the interference effect, where aerobic training may hinder the outcomes of strength training. Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the effect of combined training compared to strength training alone on strength gains in individuals with experience in strength training. Method: A systematic review was conducted, including five randomized controlled trials identified via PubMed. The quality of the studies was assessed using the TESTEX scale, and the reliability was evaluated with a modified GRADE system. Results: The findings suggest that combined training often results in reduced strength gains compared to strength training alone. The majority of studies demonstrate an interference effect, but the overall assessment reveals low reliability. Conclusion: Combined training may impair strength gains in experienced resistance trainers; however, the uncertainty in results highlights the need for further research with higher methodological rigor
Revolutionär frihet och nödvändighet : En arendtsk tolkning av eurokrisen
No full textThe institutional development of the European union has, following the eurozone crisis, increasingly been analysed through the lens of emergency politics. The paper takes its starting point from this analysis, but changes focus from governance to power order. Drawing on the political thought of Hannah Arendt, and in particular her work on the French and American revolutions, as well as political economy and EU studies, I conceptualize the management of the euro crisis as a technocratic revolution that has resulted in a new power order, characterized by hierarchical structure, authority derived from expertise, and economic necessity being the principle of action. My interpretation contributes to a new critical angle on the EU's crisis management. The aim is to show that what is at stake is not the sovereignty of member states, but their freedom to shape the future