Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Tar DNA binding protein 43, a proteinopathy with preference for olfactory structures in COVID-19 subjects
No full textBackground Olfactory impairment (OI) is an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) and COVID-19 infection. Proteinopathies associated with ND include amyloid-β (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated τ (HPτ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43). It is unclear whether COVID-19 infection influences the listed proteinopathies in the olfactory bulb and tract (OB/OT) aggravating the OI. Objective To study proteinopathies associated with ND in the brain and OB/OT in 32 subjects with COVID-19 infection and 10 age- and gender-matched controls. Methods Postmortem brain tissue was assessed for various proteinopathies and the OB/OT for proteinopathies, inflammatory markers and a marker for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein. Results Twenty percent of control and 16% of COVID-19 subjects lacked proteinopathies in their OB/OT. HPτ was detected in OB/OT in 80% of controls and 81% of COVID-19 subjects, Aβ in 30% of controls and 16% of COVID-19 subjects. All controls lacked TDP43 in OB/OT, 40% displayed TDP43 in their brain. TDP43 was seen in the OB/OT in 38% of COVID-19 subjects, of whom 42% lacked TDP43 in the brain. Sixty percent of controls displayed α-syn in OB/OT and the brain, whereas 34% of COVID-19 subjects displayed α-syn in the OB/OT, of whom 36% lacked it in the brain. Conclusions All proteinopathies associated with ND were detected in OB/OT in COVID-19 patients whereas TDP43 was lacking in controls. Our results suggest that there might be an association between COVID-19 and TDP43 and α-syn in the OB/OT, which may explain the chronic OI
Arabic as a home language in Sweden : family language practices and beliefs
No full textThis paper investigates the language maintenance efforts of Arabic-heritage families whose preschool- and early primary school-age children are growing up bilingually with Arabic and Swedish. As a result of large-scale immigration to Sweden, Arabic has become by far the largest minority language, but very little is known about Arabic as a home language in this population. As part of a broader research project on child multilingualism, a questionnaire survey was administered to the parents of 100 Arabic/Swedish-speaking children. The resulting quantitative data on family language practices and beliefs were complemented by a smaller-scale follow-up interview study 2 years later. Family language practices targeted included parent-parent, parent-child and sibling interaction, language-fostering activities such as shared book reading, storytelling, and enrolment in home language education. Despite much diversity in family types concerning family constellations, parents' education, country of origin, Arabic language variety, and length of residence in Sweden, common traits emerge. Parents generally consider Arabic and Swedish to be equally important for their child to become proficient in. There is a strong focus on the transmission of Arabic in the home, and parents expect children to speak Arabic to them, though not all of them always do. In line with Swedish mainstream convention, most children are enrolled early in preschool. Parent-child interaction is reported to be mostly in Arabic, but in many homes, the agency of child and siblings leads to an increased use of Swedish, as does Swedish media consumption. In their home-language maintenance efforts, parents engage the help of extended family members, libraries, home-language teachers, and/or choose to enroll their child in a bilingual Arabic/Swedish preschool or a school with a particular profile that encourages Arabic. The families in the sample express little anxiety regarding their children's bilingualism and tend not to seek professional counsel in this matter. Swedish schools are reported to generally advise the parents to speak their native language as much as possible to their child. Whilst unusual from an international perspective, this finding is in line with minority-language maintenance advice previously documented for a different ethnolinguistic group in Sweden
Det är böckerna som skall nå fram till barnen : En kvantitativ och en kvalitativ studie om barnlitteratur i förskolan
No full textNär bemanningen brister men behoven består : En kvalitativ studie om förskollärares och specialpedagogers uppfattningar och upplevelser om hur barn i behov av särskilt stöd ges stöd samt inkluderas vid underbemanning
No full text Syftet med denna studie var att bidra med kunskap om förskollärares och specialpedagogers uppfattningar om hur förskolan organiseras för att ge stöd och inkludera barn i behov av särskilt stöd vid underbemanning. För att samla in data och belysa informanternas uppfattningar kring området tillämpades semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den insamlade data analyserades genom en tematisk analys, där teman med tillhörande underteman identifierades. Resultaten analyserades utifrån Nilholms (2020) tre specialpedagogiska perspektiv; det kompensatoriska perspektivet, det kritiska perspektivet och dilemmaperspektivet. Även det relationella perspektivet (Persson, 1998) låg till grund för en fördjupad analys. Resultaten redovisade olika strategier för att ge stöd och inkludera barn i behov av särskilt stöd i verksamheten vid underbemanning. Strategierna omfattade bland annat att behålla en grundstruktur vad gällde organiseringen av både verksamheten och personalen. Vidare identifierades strategier som innefattade att anpassa lärmiljön utifrån befintliga behov och förutsättningar, att prioritera centrala delar av verksamheten samt en samverkan mellan förskollärare och specialpedagoger. De utmaningar som studien resulterade i kring att ge stöd och inkludera barn i behov av särskilt stöd vid underbemanning handlade om pedagogernas känsla av otillräcklighet. Detta i samband med för få resurser och för många behov att tillgodose. Resultaten belyste även utmaningen med att hantera de konsekvenser som underbemanningen medförde för barnen
Simultaneous confidence regions for ranks
No full textConsider a ranking list of stochastic quantities, such as success proportions of desease treatments at different hospitals. In Holm and Larsson (2024), a method to calculate a confidence interval for the position of one unit within the distribution of other units was proposed. This article extends this method to confidence regions for the positions of several units. Asymptotic normality is shown to hold. An empirical example is given, as well as a simulation study on small sample confidence levels
Panmictic population of the pollinating moth Tegeticula baja (Lepidoptera : Prodoxidae), across the distribution of its plant hosts
No full textEcological interactions and demographic history shape the genetic diversity of populations. Tegeticula baja is the specialist pollinator of different Yucca hosts in the Baja California Peninsula, a region that experienced changes in habitat distribution during the Pleistocene. To assess the effects of host specificity and historical changes in habitat configuration, we i) analyzed the genetic structure of moth populations associated with 3 different Yucca plant species, ii) identified signatures of historical demographic changes, and iii) reconstructed the past potential distribution of T. baja at different periods. We genotyped the COI of 128 moths from 39 locations and estimated genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history. We found an overall haplotype diversity of 0.708 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.0015. Moth populations associated with the 3 hosts exhibited similar diversity levels, with no evidence of genetic structure. These findings suggest that ecological associations with different host plants do not drive T. baja diversification. Instead, its demographic history has played a more significant role in shaping the levels and the distribution of the genetic diversity
Isomeric yield ratios and mass spectrometry of Y and Nb isotopes in the neutron-rich N=60 region : The unusual case of 98Y
No full textThe isomeric yield ratio (IYR) of fission products is an observable that carries relevant information about the fragments emerging from the scission of a fissioning nucleus. We report on IYR of Y-96,Y-98,Y-100 and Nb-100,Nb-102,together with the previously reported values for Y-97 and Nb-99, produced in the 28 MeV alpha-induced fission of Th-232 at the Ion Guide Isotope Separation On-Line (IGISOL) facility of the University of Jyvaskyla. We measured the IYR using two different techniques, the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance (PI-ICR) and the multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MR-TOF-MS) methods. Moreover, we measured the masses of the long-lived states in Y-98,Y-100 and Nb-100,Nb-102 populated via in-trap beta-decay of their precursors. Since the beta-decay selectively populates states with a favourable spin-parity, we could identify the measured state and show that the ground state is the low-spin state in the cases of Y-98 and Nb-100, while it is the high-spin state in the cases of Y-100 and Nb-102. This measurement confirms the spin-parity assignments of all the nuclei as they are reported in the NUBASE2020 evaluations, disagreeing with the assignment for Y-100 reported in the ENSDF evaluation. Making also use of previously reported data, we observe an anomalously low IYR for the N = 59 isotope Y-98 as compared to other yttrium or neighboring niobium isotopes. This behavior is very rare across the nuclear chart and is posited to be connected to the characteristic shape coexistence of Y-98, and to the change in the charge radii of the ground and excited states in the N = 58-60 region
"If it's not the children, it's the animals" : An interview study on civil society's work with domestic violence when pets are involved
No full textI ungefär vart tredje hushåll i Sverige finns ett eller flera husdjur som ofta har en självklar plats i familjen och spelar en betydelsefull roll för människan. Samtidigt kan denna meningsfulla relation innebära att husdjur används som maktmedel i våldsamma relationer. Eftersom inte alla skyddade boenden tar emot husdjur kan husdjuren fungera som en kvarhållande faktor. Utöver instanserna i den offentliga och privata sektorn arbetar även civilsamhället med att ge stöd och skydd till våldsutsatta personer med husdjur. Syftet med denna studie är att genom kvalitativ metod undersöka civilsamhällets arbete med våldsutsatta personer som har husdjur. Intervjuer har genomförts med en person verksam inom organisationen VOOV och åtta personer verksamma inom kvinnojourer med skyddade boenden som tar emot husdjur. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats genom tematisk analys, med det teoretiska begreppet human-animal bond, teorin om socialt stöd och ekologisk systemteori som grund för analys av resultaten. Av resultaten framgår att det inte finns några enhetliga riktlinjer i arbetet med husdjur för Sveriges kvinnojourer, där det bland annat framkommit en avsaknad av obligatorisk utbildning om husdjur som aspekt i våldsamma relationer. Trots denna avsaknad görs anpassningar i form av exempelvis utrustning och mat till husdjuren samt specifikt avsatta rum till de boende med husdjur. VOOV placerar husdjur till våldsutsatta personer i jourhem när ägaren bor på skyddat boende som inte kan ta emot djur. Organisationen arbetar utifrån riktlinjer som gäller för VOOV:s samtliga lokalföreningar. Resultaten visar även att husdjuret kan användas som maktmedel i syfte att kontrollera den våldsutsatta. Respondenterna uttrycker utvecklingsbehov inom den egna verksamheten, bland annat behov av att inkludera husdjur i riktlinjerna, men även vikten av informations- och kunskapsspridning om sambandet mellan husdjur och våld i nära relation i samhället. In approximately every third household in Sweden there is at least one pet, often seen as a family member and has an important role for humans. However, this meaningful relationship can mean that pets are used as form of power in violent relationships. Since not all domestic violence shelters accept pets, they can be a potential factor that contributes to staying in the relationship. In addition to the public and private sector, civil society also provides support to victims of violence who have pets. The aim of this study is to examine, through qualitative method, civil society’s work with people exposed to violence in close relationships who have pets. Interviews were conducted with one representative from the organization VOOV and eight representatives from domestic violence shelters that accept pets. The empirical material was analyzed by using thematic analysis. The concept of human-animal bond, the social support theory and the ecological systems theory are used to analyze the results. The results show that there are no standardized guidelines for the work with victims of violence and their pets. A lack of mandatory education about pets as an aspect of violent relationships is a reccuring theme. Despite this, adaptions are made in form of equipment and food for the pets and specific rooms for residents with pets. VOOV places pets in temporary foster homes when their owner lives in sheltered housing that cannot accept pets. Their work is based on guidelines that apply to every local organization of VOOV. The results also show that pets can be used to control the victim of violence. The participants express a need to overhaul their own organization, including incorporating pets into formal guidelines. They also highlight the importance of raising awareness about the link between pets and domestic violence in the society.
Den jämställda tvångsvården? : En kvalitativ analys om könsskillnader i LVU-domar
No full textBeslut om tvångsomhändertagande av barn och unga är ett tungt och ingripande beslut och det är därför av yttersta vikt att det sker på goda och jämlika grunder. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka hur pojkar och flickors beteenden och problem framställs och beskrivs i domar enligt 3§ LVU och vad det finns för likheter och skillnader i vad som får betydelse för domens utfall. En kvalitativ dokumentstudie genomfördes där LVU-domar analyserades utifrån en tematisk analys. Studiens teoretiska ramverk har varit Yvonne Hirdmans genusteori med begrepp som dikotomi, hierarki och genuskontrakt. Resultatet visade att det finns skillnader i hur flickor och pojkar beskrivs i domarna och vad som får betydelse för domens utfall. Pojkarna kopplas till stor del till kriminalitet och beskrivs som mer aggressiva. Även om flickorna också har liknande beteenden beskrivs de inte lika noggrant utan man tar med olika bakgrundsfaktorer och försöker ofta hitta en förklaring till deras beteende något som inte syns i pojkarnas domar. Pojkarnas handlingsutrymme är också större än flickornas då flickornas beteenden snabbare bedöms som farliga. Studien har också funnit att flickor ofta tillskrivs en roll som aktörer och görs ansvariga för den farliga miljön omkring dem genom att beskriva det som att de ”utsatt sig för risker” medan man hos pojkarna istället använder sig av uttryck som att de ”dykt upp” i destruktiva miljöer. I flickornas domar läggs det även ett stort fokus på att de har umgåtts med äldre män medan det i pojkarnas domar helt saknas en diskussion kring könen på deras umgängen. Slutligen är psykisk ohälsa något som tillskrivs betydelse i flickornas domar medan det knappt nämns i pojkarnas. Slutsatsen är därmed att lagen och dess tillämpning inte är jämställd och det krävs ytterligare arbete för att alla unga ska ha rätt till en jämlik vård