Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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The King as Anti-Hero : Executing Enemies and Revising History in Fifteenth-Century Sweden
No full textCross-population GWAS and proteomics improve risk prediction and reveal mechanisms in atrial fibrillation
No full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia with strong genetic components, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets remain incompletely understood. We conducted a cross-population genome-wide meta-analysis of 168,007 AF cases and identified 525 loci that met genome-wide significance. Two loci of PITX2 and ZFHX3 genes were identified as shared across populations of different ancestries. Comprehensive gene prioritization approaches reinforced the role of muscle development and heart contraction while also uncovering additional pathways, including cellular response to transforming growth factor-beta. Population-specific genetic correlations uncovered common and unique circulatory comorbidities between Europeans and Africans. Mendelian randomization identified modifiable risk factors and circulating proteins, informing disease prevention and drug development. Integrating genomic data from this cross-population genome-wide meta-analysis with proteomic profiling significantly enhanced AF risk prediction. This study advances our understanding of the genetic etiology of AF while also enhancing risk prediction, prevention strategies, and therapeutic development
Effect of 3 wt% Cu on the Microstructure and Hardness of a Ti-10Ta-1.6Zr Alloy
No full textAlloys of Ti-10Ta-1.6Zr (wt%) with and without 3 wt% Cu made by arc-melting, heat-treated in two stages and quenched to have α + β microstructures were studied. These alloys were studied for potential replacement of Ti-6Al-4V alloys because Ta and Zr are more biocompatible than Al and V, and copper was added for potential antimicrobial properties. The heat-treated samples were investigated by SEM-EDX, transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) and XRD. When studied at a higher magnification, the heat-treated alloys revealed a bi-lamellar microstructure, consisting of broad α lamellae and β transformed to fine α′ lamellae with various orientations. The fraction β transformed to fine α′ lamellae was higher in the alloy with Cu than that without Cu. Furthermore, copper was found to lower the solubility of tantalum in the β. The hardest alloy was the heat-treated alloy containing Cu, albeit with a wide standard deviation, probably due to the high fraction of martensitically transformed β
Expanding and mainstreaming sociohydrology toward transdisciplinary praxis
No full textSince its development in the early 2010s, sociohydrology has deepened our understanding of the long-term coevolution of humans and water by integrating insights from both the natural and social sciences, while also fostering an interdisciplinary community. Its modus operandi to date has been to focus on emergent phenomena, manifesting as unintended consequences, in a variety of contexts. The compound disaster that struck Japan's Noto Peninsula in 2024, and similar experiences in other parts of the world, underscore the urgent need for systemic approaches that are co-developed by academia and practitioners and focus on context-specific solutions. This perspective piece thus calls for expanding and mainstreaming sociohydrology toward transdisciplinary praxis-transforming it into a dynamic and solution-oriented field that is more inclusive at all levels. Sociohydrology must become a driving force for innovation-promoting sustainable solutions that engage and empower local actors through transformative-transdisciplinary actions-involving real people in real places. Only through such transformative praxis can we co-create equitable, sustainable, and context-sensitive responses to the world's most pressing water challenges
Konkurrens om betygen? : En paneldataanalys av friskoleandelens effekt på betygsinflation
No full text Sedan friskolereformens införande har det svenska skolsystemet förändrats i grunden ochfenomenet konkurrens har blivit alltmer omdiskuterat i den svenska debatten. Samtidigt harbetygens legitimitet ifrågasatts, bland annat till följd av betygsinflation – när betygen ökar utanmotsvarande ökning i kunskap. Denna uppsats undersöker om andelen elever i friskolor ikommuner påverkar betygsinflationen i årskurs 9, mätt som skillnaden mellan slutbetyg ochnationella prov i svenska, engelska och matematik. Studien bygger på paneldata för svenskakommuner 2014–2023 och använder en modell med fixa effekter för tid och kommun i samtligaoch i kommunala skolor. Resultaten visar inga signifikanta samband mellan friskoleandel ochbetygsinflation. Däremot syns en tydlig ökning i betygsinflation över tid vilket tyder på attfenomenet har strukturella orsaker och inte är ett resultat av friskoleandel – något denna studiekaraktäriserar som lokal skolkonkurrens. Since the introduction of Sweden’s school voucher reform, the educational system has undergone fundamental changes, with competition between schools becoming an increasingly debated topic. At the same time, the legitimacy of grades has been questioned, partly due to the phenomenon of grade inflation – when grades rise without a corresponding increase in knowledge. This thesis examines whether the share of students attending independent schools in a municipality affects grade inflation in year 9, measured as the difference between final grades and national test scores in Swedish, English, and mathematics. Using panel data from Swedish municipalities between 2014 and 2023 and applying fixed effects model with time and municipality controls, the study analyzes both all schools and municipal schools separately. Results showed no significant relationship between the proportion of students attending independent schools and grade inflation. However, a clear upward trend in grade inflation is observed over time in the three subjects, suggesting that the phenomenon may be a structural aspect in the Swedish school system, rather than a direct effect of local school competition
Basel III and the Swedish Financial Landscape : Corporate Bond Markets and SME Credit Access
No full textThis thesis investigates the impact of Basel III capital and liquidity regulations on Sweden’s corporate credit markets, focusing on differences between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large firms. By combining ARIMAX time-series models for lending data with fixed-effects panel regressions for corporate bond yields, the analysis finds that Basel III implementation phases had a stronger, negative impact on SME lending, while large firms were comparatively less affected due to diversified financing options. Interestingly, corporate bond yields decreased during the Basel III rollout, suggesting that macroeconomic factors, such as persistently low interest rates and investor demand for yield, counteracted regulatory pressures. These findings underscore the need for policymakers to consider potential unintended consequences of regulatory reforms, especially for vulnerable SME sectors in bank-centric financial systems like Sweden’s
Exploring Cross-Substation Transfer Learning for Improving Cybersecurity in IEC 61850 Substations
No full textThe information security of IEC 61850-compliant substations is a growing concern for researchers and industry practitioners. IEC 62351, developed to address such concerns, recommends the use of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) as a defense, prompting extensive research on their development, particularly in data-driven approaches. Data-driven IDSs rely on high-quality and comprehensive training data. However, capturing complete datasets for each unique substation at scale is challenging due to the diverse and dynamic operating states between substations. Transfer learning (TL) has been shown to improve model performance in data-scarce environments; however, to the best of our knowledge, no prior work has formulated its use in the context of knowledge transfer between IEC 61850 substations. To address this gap, we propose cross-substation transfer learning (XSTL), a strategy that leverages knowledge transfer between substations that share the same protocol stack but differ in architecture. We demonstrate the value of XSTL using two publicly available datasets collected from substations with contrasting architectures, and show that XSTL can improve IDS performance compared to training IDSs in an isolated manner. Using data from a generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) flooding attack, we show that IDS performance is significantly improved in cross-domain tests (using data from two different substations) compared with baseline tests (using data from one substation), with statistical analyses confirming the significance of the improvement. These findings indicate that XSTL can reduce reliance on large datasets, thereby enabling more practical and scalable IDS development across substations where collecting diverse training data is challenging
Operando Characterization of Fe in Doped Ni x (Fe1-x )O y H z Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution
No full textIron-doped nickel oxyhydroxides, Ni x (Fe1-x )O y H z , are among the most promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in alkaline environments. Although iron (Fe) significantly enhances the catalytic activity, there is still no clear consensus on whether Fe directly participates in the reaction or merely acts as a promoter. To elucidate the Fe's role, we performed operando X-ray spectroscopy studies supported by DFT on Ni x (Fe1-x )O y H z electrocatalysts. We probed the reversible changes in the structure and electronic character of Ni x (Fe1-x )O y H z as the electrode potential is cycled between the resting (here at 1.10 V RHE) and operational states (1.66 V RHE). DFT calculations and XAS simulations on a library of Fe structures in various NiO y H z environments are in favor of a distorted local octahedral Fe(III)O3(OH)3 configuration at the resting state with the NiO y H z scaffold going from alpha-Ni(OH)2 to gamma-NiOOH as the potential is increased. Under catalytic conditions, EXAFS and HERFD spectra reveal changes in p-d mixing (covalency) relative to the resting state between O/OH ligands and Fe leading to a shift from octahedral to square pyramidal coordination at the Fe site. XES measurements and theoretical simulations further support that the Fe equilibrium structure remains in a formal Fe(III) state under both resting and operational conditions. These spectral changes are attributed to potential dependent structural rearrangements around Fe. The results suggest that ligand dissociation leads to the C 4v symmetry as the most stable intermediate of the Fe during OER. This implies that Fe has a weakly coordinated or easily dissociable ligand that could serve to coordinate the O-O bond formation and, tentatively, play an active role in the Ni x (Fe1-x )O y H z electrocatalyst
Energy efficiency improvement of an office building of cultural and historical value
No full textThe building and real estate sector accounts for approximately 34 percent of Sweden’s energy consumption, with 77 percent of that used for heating. Improving the energy efficiency of older buildings is often challenging, especially when they are of cultural and historical value, but it is essential to enable their continued use. In collaboration with Corem Property Group, this study aims to identify energy-saving measures for an office building with architectural protection under the Swedish Planning and Building Act (PBL), without compromising its cultural values. The goal is to improve the energy classification from F to D by implementing energy efficiency measures and thus reduce the buildings primary energy number. The study is based on literature reviews, site visits, and energy simulations using the VIP-Energy software. Investigated measures include additional insulation, installation of insulated glazing, improved airtightness, and a new heat recovery ventilation (FTX) unit. Two scenarios combine all these measures. The results show that these combined measures – especially when complemented by ventilation adjustment – provide the greatest energy savings and reduces the primary energy number by 40.48%. The conclusion is that the most effective approach is to implement all measures together. If resources are limited, insulated glazing, FTX unit replacement, and ventilation adjustment should be prioritized
