Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Discordant Results Between Creatinine- and Cystatin C-based Equations for Estimating GFR
No full textIntroduction Discordant results between cystatin C and creatinine in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are an important medical issue. However, the equation that should be used when GFR estimates are discordant remains unclear. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 15,485 participants with GFR measured by the clearance of an exogenous marker, serum creatinine, and cystatin C. We studied the proportion of discordant results defined as an absolute (> 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) or relative (> 20%) difference between creatinine-based estimated GFR (eGFR, eGFRcrea) and cystatin C–based eGFR (eGFRcys) using different equations (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI], European Kidney Function Consortium [EKFC], and reexpressed Lund-Malmö [r-LMR]). We also researched for the best estimating equations to be used in subjects with concordant or discordant results to estimate measured GFR (mGFR). Results In the total cohort, the proportion of subjects with discordant results (absolute or relative) was larger for CKD-EPI (35.1 and 40.6%) than for EKFC (21.9 and 31.7%) or r-LMR (22.8 and 32.8%) equations. Among discrepant results, the proportion of eGFRcys < eGFRcrea was significantly higher than the proportion of eGFRcrea < eGFRcys for the CKD-EPI equations, whereas the occurrence of discrepancy was similar in the 2 discrepant groups for EKFC or r-LMR. For the EKFC and r-LMR equations, but not for the CKD-EPI, the equation combining creatinine and cystatin C was consistently the closest to the mGFR in the discrepant groups. Conclusion Based on the lower discrepancy proportion, better balance between eGFRcrea and eGFRcys, and better concordance with mGFR, the EKFC, and r-LMR equations should be preferred over the CKD-EPI to estimate GFR.Correction: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2025.05.027</p
Afterlives : Jewish and NonJewish Polish Survivors of Nazi Persecution in Sweden Documenting Nazi Atrocities, 1945-1946
No full textReview of Victoria Van Orden Martínez, Afterlives: Jewish and NonJewish Polish Survivors of Nazi Persecution in Sweden Documenting Nazi Atrocities, 1945–1946. Ph.D. thesis, Linköping University, 2023. 278 pp
Perceptions of cancer risk communication in individuals with overweight or obesity- a qualitative interview study
No full textBackground Addressing obesity and overweight is crucial for cancer prevention. However, ensuring that such efforts do not harm individuals with obesity requires careful consideration to avoid reinforcing the widespread stigmatisation of individuals with obesity. This study aims to explore how individuals who have overweight or obesity perceive cancer risk information addressing obesity as a cancer risk factor. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted during autumn 2023 and spring 2024, with 11 Swedish men and women, aged 24 to 70 years, who self-assessed as having overweight or obesity. The collected data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke.ResultsThe first theme, Reflecting on personal risk, included the subthemes: It is about me and my body and Awareness can be a burden. The second theme, Healthcare encounters: building trust and providing support, included the subthemes: Past encounters influence how risk information is perceived, Need to act and succeed, and Consider receptivity and power imbalances. The third theme, Distribution of responsibility and blameworthiness, included subthemes: Being personally blamed and fearing increased discrimination and A need for shared responsibility. Conclusion Participants experienced that risk information, when presented as simplified associations between obesity and cancer, felt personally relevant but difficult to act upon, and therefore burdensome to bear. Consequently, the information risks failing to prevent cancer and may instead cause harm to the people it purports to benefit. Participants suggested several ways to improve the provision and benefit of such information, including introducing multiple ways to act to reduce cancer risk that goes beyond weight reduction, and raising public awareness of the causes of obesity. Efforts to communicate risk, both to the public and to patients, require better ethical considerations of their benefits and harms. Furthermore, risk communicators should act with compassion and responsibility.Correction in: BMC Public Health, vol. 25, issue 1, article ID 2443, DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-23788-9</p
Genetic and environmental influences on sleep quality, ability to settle, and crying duration in 2- and 5-month-old infants : A longitudinal twin study
No full textBackground: Sleep and behavioral regulation are both vital for early healthy development. Yet, little is known about the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to early sleep and regulatory behaviors, or how these etiological influences may change during the first months of life. Methods: Genetic and environmental influences on sleep, settle, and crying behaviors at 2 and 5 months were examined in 998 twins, using a classical twin design. In addition, polygenic scores were derived for a range of sleep behaviors, as well as psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Results: Genetic influences (A) explained a large part of the variation in duration of crying at both 2 and 5 months (A = 0.29–0.70) and in settle ability at 5 months (A = 0.51–0.67). Shared environment (C) primarily influenced number of wakeups per night at both ages (C = 0.61–0.90) and settle ability at 2 months (C = 0.36–0.65). Longitudinal analyses suggested modest shared genetic influence on settle ability in the daytime across the ages (24%), and non-significant shared genetic estimates for ability to settle in the evening and at nighttime. There was moderate shared influence of shared environmental factors on number of wakeups per night (56%) and modest but significant shared genetic influence on crying duration in the evening and nighttime (17%–33%). Unique environmental effects were mostly specific to each age. Finally, autism polygenic score associated with longer crying duration in the evening at 2 months (β = 0.16, p = .002). Conclusions: Etiological influences tended to change from 2 to 5 months, reflecting a highly plastic period in infant brain development and in child-environment interactions
Simulation of Partial Discharges in Cavities : Geometric variations in cylindrical, spheroidal and serially placed voids influencing partial discharge behavior
No full textThis report investigates the behavior of streamer-type partial discharges (PD) in solid insulation, with an emphasis on how cavity geometry influences discharge characteristics. Due to their high magnitude, streamer discharges are a critical aspect of electrical insulation breakdown and can potentially lead to high-voltage failure. The study begins by outlining the fundamental conditions necessary for PD initiation, including the requirement for an electric field exceeding the inception threshold and the presence of free electrons inside the cavity. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics to model electric potential, field distribution, and current flow across various cavity geometries. MATLAB LiveLink was used to extract simulation data for visualization and statistical analysis. Cylindrical, spherical and elliptical voids were analyzed to assess how shape and size impact discharge activity. Results show that cavity geometry and spacing significantly affect both the frequency and magnitude of discharges. In the simplified model of cylindrical cavities, which excludes surface conductivity, an increase in the initial electron generation rate leads to significantly earlier discharge initiation. The higher availability of free electrons also results in a greater number of discharges per cycle. A more complex model was developed for spherical and elliptical voids. It incorporated surface conductivity effects by modeling a thin, conductive layer on the cavity walls. Elliptical voids with higher width to height ratios produced more frequent and intense discharges when volume was not held constant. For constant volume ellipses, the discharge frequency remained relatively stable, while the average discharge magnitude increased with aspect ratio. Simulations of multiple spherical cavities in series showed that reduced spacing increased the number of discharges per cycle, while average discharge magnitude remained nearly unchanged. These findings underscore the importance of cavity shape, spacing, and surface effects in predicting and understanding partial discharge behavior in solid insulation systems
Evaluation of Methods for Quantifying Bindning Efficiency of Magnetic Beads to Lentivirus-like particles : A combined literature and experimental study in collaboration with MAGic Bioprocessing.
No full textThis study aims to find a method, which can be used to quantify the binding efficiency of magnetic beads to lenti-VLPs. Methods such as Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were all evaluated, as previous research indicates them as promising forms of determining the concentration of virus particles in a solution. However, due to limitations of laboratory equipment in the form of cryo-XPS, only DLS and Raman spectroscopy were carried out in laboratory settings. The DLS analysis initially seemed promising but the expected peak of VLP could not be observed, likely because the concentration of the sample was lower than the detection limit of the DLS detector. Raman spectroscopy yielded a possible means to quantify VLP concentration through a calibration curve with a high degree of linearity, based on known concentrations of VLP samples. Raman Spectroscopy showed recovery of VLPs eluted from the magnetic beads varying between 18-41%, with Tozura LBKEG act (Tact) 50% solution showing the highest recovery of 41%. However, analysis of the unbound samples showed inconsistent results, possibly due to ligand or VLP degradation
Beyond Backscatter Networking
No full textThis thesis investigates the use of tunnel diode-based backscatter tags for energy-efficient wire-less networking with Concurrent Transmissions (CT)-based protocols. Traditional radios consume milliwatts to generate carrier waves, limiting battery life and deploya-bility. Backscatter communication reduces power by reflecting external signals, but suffers fromlimited range and poor spectral efficiency. We explore a novel architecture in which tunnel diodeslocally generate the carrier frequency and leverage injection locking for stability, transmitting atsub-100 μW power budgets. A combined simulation and experimental study examines CT sce-narios, characterizing transmission quality under varying timing offsets and Signal-to-InterferenceRatios. Hardware experiments on both conventional backscatter and tunnel diode platforms vali-date these simulations and show that reliable decoding requires synchronization of transmissionswithin a symbol interval if the capture effect cannot be exploited. Furthermore, the results suggestthat stabilized tags can help anchor injection locking across a network. These findings demon-strate the feasibility of integrating tunnel diode-based backscatter into low-latency, multi-hop CTprotocols, opening new possibilities for ultra-low-power sensor networks
Svensklärare och läslistor : En enkätundersökning av lärares attityder till litteraturlistor och kanon i undervisningen
No full textDenna uppsats undersöker svensklärares attityder till de läslistor som Skolverket och Kulturrådet publicerade i december 2024. Undersökningen undersöker också hur de ser på en eventuell kanon i litteraturundervisningen. Läslistor är någonting nytt för svenskundervisningen och sammanfaller med ett införande av en eventuell nationell kulturkanon. Uppsatsen bygger på en enkätundersökning av 40 svensklärare på högstadie- och gymnasienivå. Undersökningen genomfördes våren 2025. Resultatet av undersökningen är en variation i attityder: listorna ses delvis som ett steg mot en mer jämlik undervisning mellan skolor, av andra ses de som en inskränkning av lärares autonomi och profession och ett hot mot det lustfyllda läsandet i klassrummet. Majoriteten av respondenterna till enkäten hade en negativ inställning till en tvingande kanon i undervisningen, men var positiva till läslistor som tips och inspiration.
Nada [nos] es connatural : Sobre la (de)colonialidad del ser en El entenado, de Juan José Saer
No full textA partir de un ángulo hermenéutico que articula algunas de las premisas del giro decolonial y las de la ontología nihilista de Gianni Vattimo, el presente trabajo aborda El entenado, novela del escritor argentino Juan José Saer, con el fin de des-ocultar en la diégesis la (de)colonialidad del ser. Nuestra propuesta sostiene que la novela es un breviario ontológico que da cuenta de una comprensión nihílica, transmoderna y ultrametafísica del ser -la decolonialidad del ser- que tiene como posibilidad la reducción de la violencia que lleva aparejada una comprensión metafísica del ser, fundamento de la instauración del mundo moderno/colonial -la colonialidad del ser-
Multimodal Image Registration using Contrastive Image Representation
No full text This thesis examines the relationship between the misalignment of training data and the registration performance of a multimodal image registration framework known as contrastive multimodal image representation learning (CoMIR). The existing CoMIR framework performs well when the training data is well aligned. However, since it uses the Mean Square Error (MSE) in the critic function, which is a critical component of its loss function, it was considered sensitive to displacement in the training data. To address this issue, we replace the MSE distance function with Fréchet inception distance (FID), which measures the distance between the probability distribution of two sets of images and is insensitive to pixel-level displacement. We examine the registration performance of the models using either MSE- or FID-based critic functions by training and evaluating on two publicly available datasets: the Zurich dataset and the Histology dataset. Experimental results show that the registration performance of the MSE-based model is reasonably insensitive to misaligned training data. It is robust to displacement angles up to 32◦ in the training data. The FID-based models produce detailed textures even if the training data is misaligned, but the current registration method cannot fully exploit the detailed information and causes unstable registration performance. These results deepen our understanding of the multimodal image registration framework based on contrastive learning