Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Borders, Security, and Restrictive Policy Shifts in Sweden and Finland
No full textThe Russian invasion of Ukraine and other crises have reactivated national membership issues in the Baltic Sea region. This article analyses recent policy shifts in Sweden and Finland, highlighting a move toward increased conditionality and deportability. In both countries, migration is increasingly framed through security—linked to domestic crime, geopolitical tensions, and the threat from Russia. Sweden’s reforms include abolishing permanent residency for certain groups and introducing “good conduct” requirements, while Finland has enacted emergency border laws and proposed a number of restrictions that will make access to secure residency harder. The study underscores how securitization enables restrictive membership policies.
Ray-Based Modeling of EM Propagation in a Dynamic Evaporation Duct
No full textThis thesis explores high frequency electromagnetic wave propagation in marine environments under evaporation duct conditions. The focus lies on enhancing a previous ray tracing model to handle range dependent refractivity profiles. A model is implemented to account for spatial variations in modified refractivity and evaporation duct height, in order to enable more realistic beyond line-of-sight wave propagation. The developed ray tracing algorithm is validated against the split-step Fourier transform-parabolic equation solved using discrete mixed Fourier transform, which is well established, and known for its high accuracy. Key theory, as well as algorithm parameters are explored in sufficient detail. In addition, the report proposes future extensions to the algorithm to further improve simulation accuracy and include a range-dependence in line of-sight multiple input multiple output communication systems operating on high frequencies, as currently used in 5G systems, and in the future, 6G systems. The result fo the project is a more computationally efficient and improved implementation of the ray tracing algorithm that takes into account horizontal atmospheric variations, leading to increased simulation accuracy for electromagnetic wave propagation in dynamic evaporation ducts
Heritage for Literature : Lessons from Reciprocal Relations
No full textThis thesis bridges the fields of literature and cultural heritage. In arguing that literature is a form of cultural heritage, this work departs from the myth of the ‘death of literature’ to explore the disconnect between the participatory values in literature, and the institutional valuing of literature. To do so, this thesis uses the Future Library Project as a framework, as it binds together literature and heritage approaches. In investigating ‘what heritage can do for literature’, this thesis explores and goes beyond dichotomies of materiality-intangibility and individuality-community to reach a more participatory definition of literature. This in turn informs the necessary safeguarding strategies for guaranteeing literature’s full protections. To analyse ‘what literature can do for heritage’ management of change is taken as a focal point. Here, literature appears not only as a practical example of how to engage with and participate in processes of decay and change, but provides lessons in radical hope. Literature’s safeguarding informs the cultural heritage field in overcoming classical preservation models rooted in fragility and loss aversion, and argues for radical hope and belief in a cultural element’s endurance. ‘Literature for the future’ helps to personify a responsible future – which is agential in carrying out value selection and safeguarding – and formulates a tool for creating said future.
Search for the leptonic decay D+ â\u86\u92e+ Îœe
No full textWe search for the leptonic decay D+ -> e(+)nu(e) using an e(+)e(-) collision data sample with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV. Significant signal is not observed, and an upper limit on the branching fraction of D+ -> e+ nu(e) is set as 9.7x10(-7), at a confidence level of 90%. Our upper limit is an order of magnitude smaller than the previous limit for this decay mode.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/adc11d</p
Plasma cholinergic markers are associated with post-stroke walking recovery-revisiting the STROKEWALK study
No full textIntroduction: Optimizing post-stroke rehabilitation strategies remains imperative for improving patient outcomes. Physical exercise, including outdoor walking, represents a promising intervention; however, its clinical efficacy, along with the utility of SMS-guided instructions to support adherence, requires further investigation. This study aims to elucidate the association of BDNF levels and cholinergic markers in the plasma of patients with previously reported post-stroke walking recovery (STROKEWALK study). Methods: Post-stroke patients were randomly selected to receive SMS-guided exercise instructions (intervention group, n = 31) or not (control group, n = 31) at the time of stroke (baseline) and continued for the next 3 months. Plasma samples were collected at baseline (n = 28) and at 3-month follow-up (n = 28) and analyzed for Brain-Derived-Neurotrophic-Factor (BDNF) protein as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included enzyme activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and the six-minute walking test (6MWT), which was assessed at the same time as the plasma sampling. Results: A significant decline in BDNF was observed at 3 months in the total population (n = 56), primarily driven by the control group. Stratifying groups as intervention or control displayed no significant difference in BDNF protein levels, nor in ChAT or BChE activities at baseline or at 3-month follow-up, except for a significant correlation between BChE and Body-Mass Index (BMI). Patient stratification based on 6MWT performance displayed higher BDNF levels in the intervention group versus the control group, especially among females but not males. Females showed higher BChE than the males in the control group, but not in the intervention. Interestingly, the change in ChAT activity and cholinergic index (ChAT/BChE) from baseline to follow-up is significantly correlated with 6MWT performance. Discussion: We conclude that SMS-guided exercise training improves post-stroke walking performance (6MWT) which attenuates the decline in BDNF levels. Cholinergic function correlates with improved walking performance and could be a useful marker to evaluate rehabilitation outcomes
Maskulinitet i manosfären : En analys av mansrättsaktivisters diskursiva konstruktion av kön online.
No full textSamtiden präglas av att föreställningar sprids allt snabbare och mer extensivt till följd av det avtryck digitala plattformar har på samhället i stort. Denna studie belyser föreställningar och värderingar i relation till kön, som de yttrar sig inom en enklav av den digitala miljön – inom manosfären. Tidigare forskning visar att maskulinitet inom manosfären kan konstrueras via en offersposition vid sidan om att våldsam eller aggressiv maskulinitet värderas. Därtill visar tidigare forskning att inom miljön ses finansiellt välstånd som något maskulint, och heterosexuella relationer som belöning för sådan framgång. Syftet med denna studie är att studera hur ett antal mansrättsaktivister behandlar frågor om kön. Frågeställningarnas fokus är vilka representationer av män och maskulinitet som återfinns bland dem, samt hur relationen män emellan representeras. Det empiriska materialet består av ungefär en timmes videomaterial från fem manliga mansrättsaktivister. Studiens teoretiska ramverk består av maskulinitetsteori med fokus på hegemonisk maskulinitet, vilket kompletteras med kritisk diskursteori. Resultatet visar att exempelvis målmedvetenhet, stora ambitioner, ekonomisk framgång, frihet men därtill ansvarstagande, samt fysisk styrka är attribut som enligt mansrättsaktivisterna konstituerar maskulinitet. Därtill visar resultaten att relationen män emellan både representeras som en hierarki där rivalitet och individualism premieras, liksom en gemenskap där det finns värde i att hjälpa de andra männen. Studiens slutsats är att de föreställningar om män som uppkommer i materialet både stämmer överens med och skiljer sig från traditionella diskurser om vad som konstituerar maskulinitet.
Recycling of building integrated photovoltaic products: regulatory framework
No full textIn recent years, solar energy has experienced strong growth in Sweden. A smaller share of the photovoltaic (PV) market consists of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules, which are PV products that also serve an building-related function. This means that BIPV has dual applications, which can lead to ambiguities in the interpretation of laws and regulations. BIPV installations can consist of either regular or flexible PV modules. The latter occurs on a significantly smaller scale and generating distinct waste volumes compared to regular PV modules upon decommissioning. The size of the BIPV market in Sweden is unknown due to a lack of statistical data in the area. The growing interest in solar energy necessitates a system to ensure efficient management and recycling of PV when they reach the end of their lifespan. For regular PV modules, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) applies according to Ordinance (2022:1276) on producer responsibility for electrical equipment. In general, the ordinance covers most electrical equipment made available on the Swedish market, but there are certain exceptions. Large-scale fixed installations are one example of such an exception. This study has examined whether BIPV installations are subject to EPR or if they can be excluded by being classified as large-scale fixed installations. To estimate the BIPV market in Sweden, a survey was conducted among installation companies. The results were used to carry out a scenario analysis, and the study concludes with a discussion on future waste volumes. The results show that BIPV installations are subject to producer responsibility and that BIPV should not be classified as large-scale fixed installations. It is estimated that 7 (±2) MWp of BIPV was installed in Sweden during 2024, and the accumulated BIPV capacity in Sweden is estimated at 43 (±18) MWp. It may take many years before larger volumes of BIPV are installed on the market. In the long run, this also means that future waste volumes can be expected to remain relatively small.De senaste åren har det skett en stark tillväxt av solenergi i Sverige. En mindre andel av solcellsmarknaden består av byggnadsintegrerade solcellsmoduler (BIPV), vilket är solcellsprodukter som även uppfyller en byggnadsmässig funktion. Det innebär att BIPV har dubbla användningsområden vilket kan leda till tvetydigheter vid tolkning av lag- och regelverk. BIPV-installationer kan bestå av antingen reguljära eller flexibla solcellsmoduler. Det senare förekommer i betydligt mindre skala och bildar avfallsvolymer som skiljer sig från de reguljära solcellsmodulerna när de avvecklas. BIPV-marknadens storlek i Sverige är okänd eftersom det saknas statistik på området. Det ökande intresset för solenergi gör att det behöver finnas ett sätt att säkerställa effektiv hantering och återvinning av solceller när de når slutet av sin livslängd. För reguljära solcellsmoduler gäller producentansvar enligt Förordning (2022:1276) om producentansvar för elutrustning. Generellt gäller förordningen för merparten av all elektrisk utrustning som görs tillgänglig på den svenska marknaden, men det finns vissa undantag. Storskalig fast installation är ett exempel på ett sådant undantag. Det här arbetet har undersökt om BIPV-installationer omfattas av producentansvar eller om det kan exkluderas genom att räknas som storskalig fast installation. För att uppskatta BIPV-marknaden i Sverige har en enkätundersökning bland installationsföretag genomförts. Resultatet användes för att genomföra en scenarioanalys och arbetet avslutas med en diskussion kring framtida avfallsvolymer. Resultatet visar att BIPV-installationer omfattas av producentansvar och att BIPV inte bör klassas som en storskalig fast installation. Uppskattningsvis har 7 ( ± 2) MWp BIPV installerats under 2024 i Sverige och den ackumulerade BIPV kapaciteten i Sverige har uppskattats till 43 ( ± 18) MWp. Det kan dröja många år innan större volymer av BIPV finns installerat på marknaden. I längden medför det även att framtida avfallsvolymer kan förväntas bli relativt små
Nitrogen rate drives the effectiveness of 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in reducing N2O emissions from limed soil subjected to temporary waterlogging
No full textSoil pH, moisture, and nitrogen (N) rate may affect the effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-Dimethyl-pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in mitigating N2O release. Thus, the present study raised the question: do soil pH and N rate regulate the effect of DMPP on mitigating N2O production and promoting N2O reduction to N2 from soils subjected to temporary waterlogging? This was studied in a greenhouse experiment under semi-controlled conditions in which wheat was cultivated under aerobic conditions for 30 days, followed by a temporary waterlogging period of 5 days. The study investigated the factors of soil pH, which was manipulated by liming (unlimed and limed), application of the nitrification inhibitor DMPP, and N application rate (60 and 180 mg N kg soil-1), referred to as N60 and N180. The N source was ammonium sulfate. DMPP reduced the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrospira and Nitrosospira and, therefore, suppressed nitrification in all treatments. After waterlogging, DMPP efficiently mitigated N2O-N release from unlimed soil (80 %), probably by suppressing fungal (Cladosporium, Chaetomium, and Fusarium) and bacterial (Bradyrhizobium) denitrifiers due to DMPP-induced lower NO3-concentrations. In addition, DMPP reduced cumulative N2O-N release by 94 % at the N180 rate but was ineffective at the N60 rate in the limed soil. In conclusion, DMPP was confirmed as an excellent mitigation measure for N2O release from unlimed soils subjected to waterlogging. However, our study demonstrated that relatively low N rates can lead to DMPP ineffectiveness in reducing N2O release from limed soil subjected to temporary waterlogging
A Qualitative Fuel Security Analysis of Five Renewable Fuel Types for Gotland’s Domestic Heavy-Duty Transport Sector
No full textDuring the sustainable energy transition, a lot of the most fundamental parts of the societal sectors is subject to change. When examining the individual sectors, special attention is often brought to the transport sector, especially the heavy-duty sector. The transport sector is both one of the most important societal sectors in modern society while also being one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. Although more renewable fuels have been added to the fuel mix of heavy transport, there are still uncertainties regarding the energy security of said renewable fuel types. These security concerns are especially relevant to the fuel supply on Gotland, Sweden’s largest island. Gotland has special characteristics compared to the rest of Sweden, both ones to its advantages and disadvantages. Given its smaller population there is a lot of potential in terms of creating a self-sustained production of fuel. However, the long distance to the mainland creates problems considering a lot of the renewable heavy-duty fuel (HDT) fuel types are not produced on Gotland. This thesis contains both a theoretical perspective of energy security and a qualitative thematic analysis from semi-structured interviews. The theoretical perspective examines the origins of energy security and the different parameters used to assess and analyze it. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with four different experts within the fields of renewable fuel and heavytransport. They were asked questions regarding the renewable fuel security threats and what possible solutions exist to said threats. The obtained answers presented a complex picture of the current fuel security situation on Gotland, spanning across a multitude of subjects both within and beyond renewable fuels and transport. The interviews also revealed a lot of external factors contributing to the fuel security threats on Gotland.
One-pot, chemoselective desulfurative functionalization of cysteine containing peptides using pyridinium salts
No full textPeptide and protein modifications, especially late-stage derivatization, are invaluable for the synthesis of new pharmaceuticals. Currently, cysteine-mediated peptide modification is mainly limited to bioconjugation and disulfide formation. Therefore, exploration of new cysteine mediated peptide modifications is of great interest. Herein, we present a practical strategy for the three-step, one-pot desulfurative functionalization of cysteine containing peptides. The use of a pyridinium salt enables diverse and selective functionalization with an array of nucleophiles such as amino acid side chains, pharmaceuticals and macrocyclizations. This method allows for easy and diverse late-stage modification of peptides enabling the discovery and synthesis of new pharmaceuticals