Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
Not a member yet
127603 research outputs found
Sort by
Immigranters erfarenhet av att leva med typ 2-diabetes : En litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes ökar globalt, och prevalensen är högre bland immigranter iutvecklade länder än hos den inhemska befolkningen. För att effektivt kunna hanterasjukdomen krävs ett aktivt engagemang i egenvården. I detta sammanhang spelardistriktssköterskan en nyckelroll genom att erbjuda stöd i form av kulturellt anpassadutbildning och vägledning. Därmed ställs ökade krav på distriktssköterskans kulturellakompetens, för att kunna främja patientens delaktighet och förmåga att självständigt ta ansvarför sin egenvård. Syfte: Att beskriva immigranters upplevda utmaningar i relation till typ 2-diabetes, medfokus på egenvård, mötet med sjukvården och kulturella skillnader. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med deskriptiv ansats har genomförts. Artiklarnakvalitetsgranskades med stöd av SBU:s mall för kvalitativ forskning och analyseradestematiskt, med fokus på att identifiera återkommande mönster i deltagarnas erfarenheter. Resultat: Sex kategorier identifierades: Utmaning att ändra levnadsvanor, Känslomässigutmaning, Utmaningar i vårdmötet och egenvårdsförståelse, Socialt och professionellt stöd,Kulturella hinder samt Sociala aktiviteter med mat är utmanande, med totalt tolvunderkategorier. Slutsats: Immigranter med typ 2-diabetes möter både kulturella och strukturella hinder i sinegenvård. Genom att anpassa vården till patientens kulturella förutsättningar kandistriktssköterskan ha en central roll i att stärka patientens förmåga att hantera sjukdomen.Background: Type 2 diabetes is increasing globally, with a higher prevalence amongimmigrants in developed countries compared to the native population. Effective managementof the disease requires active engagement in self-care. In this context, the nurse plays a keyrole by providing culturally adapted education and guidance. This places greater demands onthe nurse's cultural competence in order to promote the patient’s participation and ability totake independent responsibility for their self-care. Aim: To describe immigrants’ perceived challenges in relation to type 2 diabetes, with afocus on self-care, encounters with healthcare, and cultural differences. Method: A qualitative literature review with a descriptive approach was conducted. Thearticles were assessed for quality using the SBU checklist for qualitative research and werethematically analyzed, with a focus on identifying recurring patterns in participants’experiences. Results: The analysis resulted in six main categories: Challenges in changing lifestyle habits,Emotional challenges, Challenges in healthcare encounters and self-care understanding,Social and professional support, Cultural barriers, and Social activities involving food arechallenging. A total of twelve subcategories were identified. Conclusion: Immigrants with type 2 diabetes face both cultural and structural barriers intheir self-care. By adapting healthcare to the patient’s cultural circumstances, district nursescan play a central role in strengthening the patient’s ability to manage the disease
Att öppna dörrar till textens värld : En intervjustudie om lärare och speciallärares erfarenheter och utmaningar i läsförståelseundervisningen för årskurs 2-4
No full textCharacterization and improved analysis of thermal runaway scenarios for lithium-ion batteries : Exploring current and new test methodology
No full textSafety is a critical aspect of Li-ion batteries due to the severe consequences associated with thermal runaway (TR) events. TR in Li-ion batteries is characterized by rapid heat release, substantial gas generation, and intense combustion. While battery safety standards primarily aim to prevent TR from happening, specifying extensive testing under various electrical, mechanical, and thermal abuse conditions, there remains a pressing need to understand and manage TR when it does occur. However, the characterization of TR events is not well standardized, leading to employment of diverse test setups and analytical approaches, making it difficult to compare results across studies and establish consensus on key influencing factors and optimal safety strategies. For that reason, this thesis revolves around the characterization of TR scenarios for Li-ion battery cells and how analysis and test methodology can be improved. A new test setup is presented enabling simultaneous gas generation and heat generation measurements in inert atmosphere. This calorimeter was developed also to distinguish between ejected and non-ejected heat during TR, revealing that the fraction of ejected heat increases with state of charge (SOC), while maximum non-ejected heat occurs at lower SOC levels. This insight is critical for understanding thermal propagation risks. Improved analysis of the gas release during TR includes measurement of the gas generation rate, an essential parameter for ventilation design and explosion risk assessments. Further, the impact from SOC, TR triggering methods, ambient atmosphere, and cell size on gas and heat generation, gas composition, temperature development, and mass loss during TR is discussed. An important finding is the significant effect from the TR triggering method, which potentially affects thermal propagation characteristics in battery systems. Cell size and format will impact the gas and heat generation, but the variations are relatively small as compared to the difference between lab-scale cells and commercial industrial-scale cells. Finally, this thesis also evaluates the uncertainties and limitations of using oxygen consumption calorimetry for measuring heat release rate and total heat released in Li-ion battery fires. In that context, it is important to distinguish between cell internal heat generation during TR and external heat generation in a flaming battery fire. The overall results contribute to a deeper understanding of Li-ion battery safety and offer tools for improving test protocols, system design, and mitigation strategies
Reassurance from War to Durable Peace
No full textHow can conflict parties reassure each other to reach and maintain a durable peace after a negotiated agreement? In a changing world, where old assumptions are outdated and the world's major powers are competing for influence, this question remains as actual as ever. Many peace agreements and mediation attempts fail but still, peace can prevail. Reassurance is a trustbuilding process based on reciprocated cooperation and communication. Peace is built in a continuum where contacts and experiences are paramount for the decisions leaders and governments take. Building on the works of previous scholars, I develop a theoretical framework based on human behaviour and cognition, rooted in psychology and neuroscience. I investigate it in the case of the Egyptian-Israeli relations, tracing the process and comparing outcomes through decades of protracted war followed by a durable peace in a conflict-ridden region. My results suggest that reassurance can be a valid pathway to increase the possibilities for peaceful outcomes. The results might be generalisable, but only future research can explore this possibility and the importance of other factors
Kommuners arbete på central nivå för att förebygga problematisk skolfrånvaro och stötta skolor med elever med problematisk skolfrånvaro och deras vårdnadshavare.
No full textProblematic school absence has increased over the years. Schools and their teachers have worked patiently to get students back to school in Sweden's 290 municipalities, which raises the question what support schools receive from the municipalities in their work. The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about the work that municipalities run centrally to support schools, students and parents in working with students with problematic school absence. The theoretical analytical tools of the study are the special education perspective (Ahlberg, 2015; Nilholm, 2020) and Bronfenbrenner's bioecological systems' theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1999; Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). A quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design was chosen for the study as it was suitable based on the purpose of the study. Sweden's 290 municipalities were invited via email to respond to a web survey during the weeks seven, eight and nine in the spring of 2025. The analysis of the results was based on a descriptive univariate of the respondents' responses, where one variable at a time was analyzed (Bryman, 2018). The analysis of the empirical material was based on three of the study's research questions: how widespread problematic school absenteeism in primary school is in Sweden's municipalities, how the municipalities organize their preventive work regarding problematic school absenteeism, and what support the municipalities provide to schools with students who have problematic school absenteeism. The results of the study show a large variation in both the interpretation of terms and concepts among the municipalities, but also a variation in the work carried out, both preventively and in providing support to schools that have students with problematic school absenteeism among the municipalities that responded to the survey. Despite the relatively low response rate, which means that no general conclusions can be drawn, the study can contribute to the field of research, as there is no research that examines what Sweden's municipalities are doing regarding problematic school absence on a central level. The study has sought to contribute knowledge, which does not exist on a national level, about the work that Sweden's municipalities are doing centrally to support schools, students, and guardians in their work with students with problematic school absence. Further research on the subject is important so that both municipalities and researchers can get a comprehensive picture of the work that is taking place in the municipalities of Sweden. The municipalities could cooperate by sharing successful strategies, and researchers could compile a national picture of the work that the municipalities are doing to prevent problematic school absence and get students back to school after longer absences. Problematisk skolfrånvaro har ökat över åren och skolor och dess lärare har arbetat tålmodigt med att få elever tillbaka till skolan i Sveriges 290 kommuner. En fråga som väcks är vilket stöd skolorna får av kommunerna i sitt arbete med problematisk skolfrånvaro. Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskaper om det arbete som kommuner driver centralt för att stötta skolor, elever och vårdnadshavare i arbetet med elever med problematisk skolfrånvaro under höstterminen 2024. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna för studien är det specialpedagogiska perspektivet (Ahlberg, 2015; Nilholm, 2020) och Bronfenbrenners bioekologiska systemteori (Bronfenbrenner, 1999; Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). För studien valdes en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med tvärsnittsdesign då det passade bäst utifrån studiens syfte. Sveriges 290 kommuner inbjöds via ett mejl att svara på en webenkät under veckor 7–9, våren 2025. Analysen av resultatet skedde utifrån en beskrivande univariat av respondenternas svar, där en variabel i taget analyserades (Bryman, 2018). Analysen av det empiriska materialet utgick från tre av studiens forskningsfrågor: hur utbrett problematisk skolfrånvaro i grundskolan är i Sveriges kommuner, hur kommunerna organiserar det förebyggande arbetet vad gäller problematisk skolfrånvaro och vilket stöd kommunerna ger till skolor med elever som har problematisk skolfrånvaro. Resultatet av studien visar både på en stor variation av tolkning av termer och begrepp bland kommunerna men även en variation av det arbete som utförs, till exempel i det förebyggande arbetet och att ge skolor som har elever med problematisk skolfrånvaro stöttning. Trots att den relativt låga svarsfrekvensen gör att inga generella slutsatser kan dras, kan studien bidra till forskningsfältet med flera exempel på hur det arbetas med dessa frågor samt lägga grund för framtida forskning som undersöker hur Sveriges kommuner arbetar med problematisk skolfrånvaro. Studien har sökt att bidra med kunskaper, vilket inte finns på nationell nivå, om det arbete som bedrivs centralt i Sveriges kommuner för att stötta skolor, elever och vårdnadshavare i arbetet med elever med problematisk skolfrånvaro. Vidare forskning i ämnet är av vikt, för att såväl kommuner som forskare, ska få en helhetsbild av det arbete som sker i kommunerna. Kommunerna skulle kunna samarbeta genom att dela framgångsrika strategier och forskare skulle kunna sammanställa en nationell bild av det arbete som kommunerna gör för att förebygga problematisk skolfrånvaro och få elever tillbaka efter längre frånvaro från skolan
FDG-PET and MRI in colorectal and esophageal cancer
No full textEsophageal (EC) and colorectal cancers (CRC) are among the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancers, ranking eighth and third worldwide in incidence. This thesis aims to investigate how novel imaging techniques and computational tools can improve cancer staging, increase reproducibility, and potentially guide clinical decision-making, ultimately leading to more accurate and personalized cancer care. In Paper I, patients with EC were studied using both the traditional imaging modality employed for preoperative staging, whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and the newly introduced modality, whole-body positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). The comparison of tumor measurements between modalities was well harmonized, concluding that the new modality can be an alternative for preoperative assessment of EC. In Paper II, patients with rectal cancer (RC) were analyzed using preoperative MRI images and two segmentation methods with radiomics to investigate the predictive value of imaging features for therapy response. The results showed that the features derived from segmentation, including the tumor periphery, do not improve the prediction of response to preoperative therapy in these patients. In Paper III, a technical analysis of PET/MRI in EC was conducted, comparing reconstruction algorithms (BSREM vs. TOF-OSEM) and evaluating the effect of quiescent phase respiratory (QPR) gating on quantification and repeatability—both TOF-OSEM and BSREM reconstruction methods provided stable and repeatable quantitative metrics. QPR gating, however, affected SUVmax and noise levels, with a lesser impact on tumor volume and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In Paper IV, colon cancer (CC) patients underwent preoperative CECT followed by PET/MRI. The study assessed the impact of PET/MRI on preoperative clinical decisions and reviewer consistency. Results indicated that in 17% of cases, the treatment plan was changed after PET/MRI. Significant differences were observed between reviewers with different levels of experience
Are economics students biased against female teachers? : Evidence from a randomized, double-blind natural field experiment
No full textStudent evaluations of teaching tend to be biased against female teachers. Such biases has previously been shown to thrive in anonymous, online settings, such as internet forums. We designed a randomized, double-blind experiment in a natural educational setting to study gender biases in teaching evaluations. In the early post-Covid period, we randomly assigned a male or female name to the instructions given by the online teachers. Importantly, the teachers actually responding to the questions did not know whether they interacted with the students as male or female, which is a novel contribution to the literature. The course evaluation asked students to rate the mentors' helpfulness, knowledge, and response time. The results show no bias against the female mentor in any single dimension. Our confidence interval around the zero effect does not overlap the effect sizes reported in highly influential previous studies
Agile-Driven Framework for Secure and Compliant Healthcare Data Migration
No full textData migration in regulated healthcare settings presents a significant socio-technical challenge, caught between the demand for agile development and the strict mandates of compliance. This thesis addresses this conflict using a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology to develop and validate an integrated framework for organizations operating under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The framework was iteratively refined and validated through the qualitative analysis of feedback from twelve senior industry experts. The final artifact is a practical five-phase model encompassing Preparation, Planning & Compliance, Execution, Validation, and Change Management. It provides a clear roadmap that embeds role clarity, iterative validation checkpoints, and sprint-aligned compliance deliverables. The core conclusion of this research is that migration success is less dependent on technical execution and more contingent on an organization’s holistic readiness for change. For practitioners, this thesis offers an actionable tool to decrease risk of complex migrations and ensure regulatory adherence. For academia, it provides a theoretical contribution by operationalizing Organizational Readiness Theory to create a model that reconciles the long-standing conflict between agility and compliance-by-design
Tongue reduction surgery in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, effects on eating and swallowing function : A case report
No full textChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder undergoing oral surgery require specialized preparation to facilitate a prompt return to oral food intake. This study reports a successful case of behavioural management after tongue reduction surgery in a 4-year-old boy with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder Ten days post-surgery the Speech-Language pathologist designed an intervention using a combination of local analgesic lidocaine, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) and behaviour modelling. The intervention was carried out multiple times daily by the boy's parents while in hospital. The patient went from complete refusal to move his tongue, eat or drink, to eating one of his preferred foods and could be discharged from hospital five days after initiating the intervention
The invasion phenotypes of glioblastoma depend on plastic and reprogrammable cell states
No full textGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. It causes death mainly by local invasion via several routes, including infiltration of white matter tracts and penetration of perivascular spaces. However, the pathways that mediate these invasion routes are only partly known. Here, we conduct an integrative study to identify cell states and central drivers of route-specific invasion in GBM. Combining single-cell profiling and spatial protein detection in patient-derived xenograft models and clinical tumor samples, we demonstrate a close association between the differentiation state of GBM cells and their choice of invasion route. Computational modeling identifies ANXA1 as a driver of perivascular involvement in GBM cells with mesenchymal differentiation and the transcription factors RFX4 and HOPX as orchestrators of growth and differentiation in diffusely invading GBM cells. Ablation of these targets in tumor cells alters their invasion route, redistributes the cell states, and extends survival in xenografted mice. Our results define a close association between GBM cell differentiation states and invasion routes, identify functional biomarkers of route-specific invasion, and point toward targeted modulation of specific invasive cell states as a therapeutic strategy in GBM