Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Dependency-Curated Large Neighbourhood Search
No full textIn large neighbourhood search (LNS), an incumbent initial solution is incrementally improved by selecting a subset of the variables, called the freeze set, and fixing them to their values in the incumbent solution, while a value for each remaining variable is found and assigned via solving (such as constraint programming-style propagation and search). Much research has been performed on finding generic and problem-specific LNS selection heuristics that select freeze sets that lead to high-quality solutions. In constraint-based local search (CBLS), the relations between the variables via the constraints are fundamental and well-studied, as they capture dependencies of the variables. In this paper, we apply these ideas from CBLS to the LNS context, presenting the novel dependency curation scheme, which exploits them to find a low-cardinality set of variables that the freeze set of any selection heuristic should be a subset of. The scheme often improves the overall performance of generic selection heuristics. Even when the scheme is used with a naïve generic selection heuristic that selects random freeze sets, the performance is competitive with more elaborate generic selection heuristics
Machine learning-driven predictive modeling of temperature-dependent mechanical properties in austenitic stainless steels
No full textThis work demonstrates that modern tree-based models can effectively model complex, temperature-dependent mechanical responses, including highly nonlinear and even non-monotonic trends, in austenitic stainless steel and highlights limitations of composition-only empirical models. To ensure robust model evaluation, we employed multiple validation strategies including repeated random train and test partitions and leave-one-out cross-validation. While one might assume that steel grade is fully captured by its composition, local assessments within narrower compositional ranges reveal different feature importance rankings than those observed in the full dataset. Grade-specific (AISI 304, 316, 321 and 347) feature importance analysis offered deeper insights into local alloy behavior and demonstrated the advantage of disaggregated modeling in avoiding misleading conclusions. Clustering and SHAP analyses further revealed a temperature-sensitive role of nitrogen, which strengthens the alloy through interstitial and fine precipitate mechanisms at lower temperatures but loses effectiveness at elevated temperatures due to precipitate coarsening. This highlights how data-driven methods can uncover metallurgically consistent, temperature-dependent strengthening behaviors not captured by simpler models. Our results confirm that temperature governs the mechanical performance of austenitic stainless steels, with other features contributing marginally, particularly for UTS. Additionally, the model achieved a notably high score for elongation, highlighting the critical role of testing temperature in addressing the long-standing challenge of poor elongation predictions in composition-only or composition-processing models. This suggests that low accuracy in previous studies is more likely due to dataset limitations rather than shortcomings of treebased models
They reduce, we reduce: Perception of other countries’ climate effort predicts support for climate policies
No full textAs public support influences policy choices, it is crucial to understand how people view climate policies. Based on the premise that individuals tend to be conditional cooperators, we derived the “They Reduce, We Reduce” hypothesis, according to which citizens’ support for climate policies in their own country is higher if they perceive a stronger climate effort by other countries. We tested this hypothesis with a survey study (N = 4,000) in China, India, Japan, and the United States. Findings show that participants who perceived that other countries were likely and willing to take action to reduce climate change, or that the major emitters in the world were currently making substantial efforts, were more supportive of implementing climate policies in their own country. We also observed interindividual variations in this effect, though the patterns differed between countries: The policy attitudes of individuals who felt personally obligated to combat climate change and those who supported their country’s unconditional efforts were less tied to such perceptions. These findings suggest that people respond to other countries’ actions, and policy attitudes should be understood in the context of global climate governance, with reciprocity playing an important role in mobilizing public support
Immigrants in Ink : A History of Race, Nation, and Gender in Swedish-American Newspapers, 1860–1920
No full textWhat did it mean to be Swedish in the United States during the age of mass migration? This thesis addresses that question by examining both form and content in the two largest Swedish-language newspapers in Chicago—Hemlandet and Svenska Amerikanaren—between 1860 and 1920, exploring how “Swedishness” was constructed and negotiated. Using discourse analysis, the study investigates a variety of sources, including newspapers, letterbooks, and works published in both the United States and Sweden. Drawing on theories of discursive boundary-making, interpellation, and intersectionality, the Swedish-American press is situated within the context of a changing newspaper economy and political landscape in the United States. The thesis argues that these newspapers functioned as ideological apparatuses, articulating Swedishness not only as a cultural or ethnic identity but also through notions of inheritability and race. This process unfolded across different spheres of social and economic life. It examines Swedes in the Chicago labor market, the evolving newspaper economy, the development of women’s pages, newspaper advertisements, and transatlantic discussions of what it meant to be Swedish American. In these accounts, Swedish male workers were portrayed as “white” farmers and “good” immigrants in contrast to racialized Irish Catholic and Southern or Eastern European “bad” immigrants. Gender also played a crucial role: discussions of Swedish-American female workers—as maidservants or factory workers—revealed how gender and class intersected in shaping the immigrant experience. In the newspapers’ women’s sections and advertising discourse, Swedish-American women were depicted as domestic, middle-class consumers aspiring toward Anglo-American ideals. The newspapers thus Americanized, gendered, and racialized their readers. The thesis contributes to the history of Swedish immigrants in the United States by showing how the meaning of being Swedish continually drew on notions of race. It also contributes to the history of the Swedish-American press by demonstrating how changes in the newspaper economy shaped both form and content. In doing so, it broadens our understanding of how European immigrants actively reproduced and utilized US ethnoracial hierarchies
From Parental Responsibility to State Action : Non-Discrimination as a Driving Force to Ensure the Right to AdequateHousing for Every Child
No full textThe Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) contains a right to a standard of livingadequate for children’s development. The primary responsibility for the realisationof this right lies with the child’s parent(s), but states have a responsibility to supportparent(s) when necessary. In this article, the responsibility to ensure the right toadequate housing as an integral part of the right to an adequate standard of living forchildren is analysed. The case of Sweden is used as an example to analyse the interplaybetween the primary responsibility of parent(s) and the secondary responsibility ofstates. The analysis is done in light of the principle of non-discrimination. The articleargues that states cannot ignore to provide support to parents in need with referenceto the primary responsibility of parents, and that a failure to ensure access to adequatehousing for every child may constitute unlawful discrimination
Beyond asking the right questions : Accounting for biases in a recreational fishery survey
No full textAccurate information about anglers’ motivations, satisfaction, and fishing behavior is needed to design effective recreational fisheries management. This study used a comprehensive survey of Swedish anglers to explore the risk for common sampling strategies and survey response groupings to introduce significant error or biases that impact the interpretation of data. Angler motivation and satisfaction differed between anglers based on avidity, type of boat use, and gender. Measures of satisfaction from angling appear to be less affected by biases than general motivations, fishery specific motivations, and catch measures. Fishing season and place of residence have less relationship to psychological dimensions of survey responses, but remain important when considering target species. These results can guide data collection to more accurately measure the preferences and behaviors of different resource user groups, improve the design of regulations and management, and tailor communication to facilitate greater compliance and adoption of best practices.Title in the list of papers of Samuel Blyth's thesis: Beyond asking the right questions: Accounting for biases in a recreational fishery survey</p
Physical activity and self-efficacy in people who have or have had cancer : A survey study
No full textBackground: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in health and recovery during and after cancer. Self-efficacy may influence whether individuals succeed in establishing and maintaining an active lifestyle. Therefore, it is important to examine how these factors correlate among people who have or have had cancer. Objective: The objective was to investigate self-efficacy to be physically active according to the national recommendations among people who have or have had cancer, as well as to assess their actual activity levels. The study also aims to analyze the association between PA and time since diagnosis, and to explore potential differences in physical activity levels between women and men. Method: A questionnaire with multiple-choice questions on self-efficacy and physical activity level was distributed to three closed Facebook groups intended for individuals with cancer. The relationship between self-efficacy and PA, as well as the relationship with time since diagnosis and PA, was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation, while differences between genders were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The study included 53 participants (35 women) with most having received their cancer diagnosis within the past two years. The average physical activity level was 224 minutes per week, and self-efficacy was generally high. The analysis showed a strong positive association between self-efficacy and PA. The study’s results showed no association between time since diagnosis and PA, and no difference in PA between genders Conclusion: The study showed that self-efficacy had a strong association with physical activity level among people who have or have had cancer. No differences were found between gender or time since diagnosis. Future studies should have included larger samples and more objective measurement methods.Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet (FA) har stor betydelse för hälsa och återhämtning under ochefter cancer. Self-efficacy kan påverka om personer lyckas etablera och bibehålla en aktivlivsstil. Det är därför viktigt att undersöka hur dessa faktorer korrelerar hos personer som hareller har haft cancer. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka self-efficacy till att vara fysiskt aktiva enligt de nationellarekommendationerna bland personer som har eller har haft cancer samt kartlägga derasfaktiska fysiska aktivitetsnivå. Studien avsåg även att analysera sambandet mellan FA och tidsedan diagnos, samt undersöka eventuella skillnader i fysisk aktivitetsnivå mellan kvinnoroch män. Metod: En enkät med flervalsfrågor om self-efficacy och fysisk aktivitetsnivå skickades tilltre slutna Facebookgrupper avsedda för personer med cancer. Samband mellan self-efficacyoch FA samt sambandet mellan tid sedan diagnos och FA analyserades med Spearmansrangkorrelation, medan skillnader mellan kön undersöktes med Mann-Whitney U-test. Resultat: Studien omfattade 53 deltagare (35 kvinnor), där de flesta fått sin cancerdiagnosinom två år. Den genomsnittliga fysiska aktiviteten var 224 minuter per vecka ochself-efficacy var generellt hög. Analysen visade ett starkt positivt samband mellanself-efficacy och FA. Studiens resultat visade inget samband mellan tid sedan diagnos ochFA, och ingen skillnad i FA mellan könen. Konklusion: Studien visade att self-efficacy hade ett starkt samband med fysiskaktivitetsnivå hos personer som har eller har haft cancer. Resultaten bör dock tolkas medförsiktighet på grund av det lilla och ojämnt fördelade urvalet. Framtida studier bör omfattastörre grupper och mer objektiva mätmetoder.
Föräldrars erfarenheter av att ha barn med övervikt eller obesitas : En litteraturstudie
No full textIntroduktion: Barnobesitas är en växande folkhälsoutmaning med medicinska, psykosociala och samhällsekonomiska konsekvenser i form av ökade vårdkostnader och produktionsbortfall. Tidig diagnos möjliggör individanpassad behandling där distriktssköterskan har en central roll. I familjecentrerad omvårdnad belyses behovet av respektfullt bemötande och samverkan för att möjliggöra hållbara livsstilsförändringar. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter av att vara förälder till barn med övervikt eller obesitas och hur föräldrar förhåller sig till och hanterar barnets vikt. Metod: Uppsatsen är en litteraturöversikt med beskrivande design och kvalitativ ansats. Kvalitetsgranskning utfördes med hjälp av en granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Resultatanalysen genomfördes med en analysmetod av Popenoe. Resultat: Resultatet sammanfattas under fyra kategorier: Känslomässiga reaktioner och oro kring barnets vikt, Bristande bemötande och stöd från vården och omgivningen, Påverkan av sociala normer kopplat till barnets vikt och Strukturella och individuella faktorer påverkade vikt och vikthantering Slutsats: Utifrån föräldrars erfarenheter synliggörs behovet av fördjupad kunskap om familjers livsvillkor, kulturella normer och hur vårdens bemötande påverkar delaktighet. Distriktssköterskan har en central funktion i att stödja familjer och främja hälsa genom ett familjecentrerat och kulturellt lyhört förhållningssätt. För att möta kommande folkhälsoutmaningar krävs strukturella förutsättningar som möjliggör ett förebyggande, relationsinriktat och jämlikhetsfrämjande arbete med hela familjen som utgångspunkt.Introduction: Childhood obesity is a growing public health challenge with medical, psychosocial and socioeconomic consequences, including increased healthcare costs and loss of productivity. Early diagnosis enables individualized treatment where the district nurse plays a key role. A family-centered nursing perspective highlights the need for respectful encounters and collaboration to facilitate sustainable lifestyle changes. Aim: The purpose was to describe the experiences of being a parent to a child with overweight or obesity and how parents relate to and manage the child's weight. Method: The thesis is a literature review employing a descriptive design and a qualitative approach. Quality assessment was conducted using an appraisal tool for qualitative studies. The analysis of the results was carried out using an analytical method by Popenoe. Results: The results were summarized into four categories: Emotional reactions and concerns related to the child’s weight, Inadequate support and response from healthcare and the surrounding environment, The influence of social norms related to the child’s weight and Structural and individual factors affecting weight and weight management. Conclusion: Based on parents experiences the need for deeper understanding of families living conditions, cultural norms and how healthcare interactions influence participation becomes evident. The district nurse plays a key role in supporting families and promoting health through a family-centered and culturally sensitive approach. To address future public health challenges, structural conditions must enable preventive, relationship-based and equitypromoting work with the entire family as the foundation
Between Victim, Coloniser and Jurist : Dutch Understandings of Genocide and Engagement with the Genocide Convention between 1946 and 1950 Student:
No full textThis thesis analyses the Dutch understanding of genocide and the Dutch government’s positioning vis-à-vis the Genocide Convention between 1946 and 1950. It pays particular attention to how the historical experiences and roles of the Netherlands, notably that of a victim of WWII, a promoter of international law and a colonial power, shaped this understanding and positioning. An analysis of Dutch government documents related to the Convention, the Dutch contributions to the Travaux Préparatoires and Dutch newspaper coverage shows how the Dutch understanding of genocide was first and foremost shaped by the experience of WWII in the Netherlands. This resulted in an understanding of genocide that focused on political targeting, government involvement and a high level of organisation. The documents analysed indicate a sense of WWII victimhood that centralised the suffering of the Dutch people as a whole and generally ignored the specific targeting of certain groups. This at times resulted in a rather warped understanding of genocide. The documents also show that the Netherlands attempted to (re)confirm its identity as a victim of WWII during these negotiations. Dutch officials and newspapers kept genocide very much separated from colonial issues, despite the involvement of the Netherlands in the Indonesian War of Independence during the negotiations. While the documents do show some concern about self-criminalisation, they show little explicit concern about the implications of the Convention for the position of the Netherlands as a colonial power. The documents analysed do indicate the presence among Dutch officials of a belief in the role of the Netherlands as a great promoter of international law. Dutch officials used the Convention negotiations as a stage to (re)confirm this identity. Yet, at times this role as a great promoter of international law conflicted with the position of the Netherlands as a colonial power.
Commemoration and Communication : Holocaust Memory Norms and American Presidential Rhetoric
No full textThis thesis analyzes American presidential speeches and statements given for International Holocaust Remembrance Day, Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust, and at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, spanning from President Carter to President Biden (1977–2025). Guided by constructivist norms theory, specifically the theory of contestation, and using qualitative content and thematic analysis, it identifies four themes of core, fixed Holocaust memory norms in presidential rhetoric. It then examines cases in which those norms are tested and adapted by the presidents, engaging with the public discourse they generated and the implications of those interactions. The research finds that presidential Holocaust remembrance rhetoric is both shaped by Holocaust memory norms and contributes to their ongoing interpretation and presence. It also highlights how the norms evolve and change in practice and how they can be utilized for other political and moral ends, illustrating both their durability and their limits