Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Postoperative Wound Infection and Hair Shortening in Neurosurgery : A Quantitative Systematic Literature Review
No full textBakgrund: Postoperativa sårinfektioner är en vanlig vårdskada med stort lidande och höga kostnader. Håravkortning vid neurokirurgi saknar tydlig evidens men genomförs ofta, trots hårens psykologiska och kulturella betydelse. Operationssjuksköterskan har ett etiskt ansvar att väga infektionsrisk mot patientens värdighet och arbeta i enlighet med vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om håravkortning med rakhyvel eller trimmer vid neurokirurgiska ingrepp minskar risken för postoperativa sårinfektioner, jämfört med att inte håravkorta alls. Metod: En kvantitativ litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats baserat på tretton kvantitativa artiklar från databaserna PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science samt manuellt granskade referenslistor. Inkluderade artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och var av medelhög till hög kvalitet. Analysen genomfördes med narrativ syntes enligt Popay et al. (2006). Resultat: Ingen samstämmig evidens identifierades som stödjer att håravkortning minskar risken för postoperativa sårinfektioner oavsett metod. Somliga studier fann ingen signifikant skillnad mellan håravkortade och icke håravkortade patienter, medan andra rapporterade en lägre infektionsförekomst vid utebliven håravkortning eller vid användning av trimmer jämfört med rakhyvel. Slutsats: Resultaten tyder på att rutinmässig håravkortning oavsett metod inför neurokirurgi saknar entydigt stöd i evidensen, därför bör rutinmässig håravkortning undvikas och endast utföras om det är tekniskt nödvändigt. Specialistsjuksköterskan har ansvaret att kritiskt värdera praxis och tillämpa evidensbaserade, etiskt förankrade omvårdnadsåtgärder i syfte att främja patientens välbefinnande och säkerhet. Specialistsjuksköterskan bör fokusera på tekniska behov och patientkomfort snarare än invanda rutiner. Background: Postoperative wound infections are a common healthcare-associated complication, causing significant patient suffering and high costs. In neurosurgery, preoperative hair removal is frequently performed despite limited evidence and the psychological and cultural significance of hair. Perioperative nurses have ethical responsibility to balance infection prevention with patient dignity, guided by scientific evidence and professional expertise. Aim: To investigate whether hair removal with a razor or trimmer during neurosurgical procedures reduces the risk of postoperative wound infections compared with no hair removal. Method: A quantitative literature review with a systematic approach was conducted, including thirteen studies retrieved from PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science, along with manually reviewed reference lists. All studies were quality-assessed and rated as moderate to high quality. Data were synthesized narratively according to Popay et al. (2006). Results: No consistent evidence was identified to support that hair removal reduces the risk of postoperative wound infections despite methods. Some studies reported no significant difference between patients who underwent hair removal and those who did not, while others indicated a lower infection rate when hair was left intact or when clippers were used instead of a razor. Conclusion: The findings suggest that routine preoperative hair removal in neurosurgery lacks clear evidence-based support. Therefore, it should be avoided and only performed when technically necessary. The specialist nurse is responsible for critically evaluating clinical practice and applying evidence-based, ethically grounded nursing decisions to promote patient well-being and safety. Accordingly, the specialist nurse should prioritize technical requirements and patient comfort over routine procedures
Designing an electrochemical energy storage device using recycled Ti3C2Tx MXene and reduced graphene oxide spent wastewater adsorbents
No full textThis study presents an end-to-end approach for recycling hazardous waste heavy-metal-loaded adsorbents into electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. Using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene as adsorbents for Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Pb²⁺ from model wastewater solutions, we demonstrate their successful transformation into redox-active electrodes without any additional treatment. The recycled electrodes present superior capacity as compared to their pristine counterparts, while introducing distinct reversible redox features. Ultimately, the different recycled materials were assembled in full cell configurations, combining different metal-loaded adsorbents, yielding synergistic redox plateaus and an up to 50 % enhancement in the initial energy storage capacity, depending on the metal pair and electrolyte used. The versatility of this recycling strategy was demonstrated across three aqueous electrolytes, including a water-in-salt electrolyte, revealing tunable redox behavior dependent on both metal and electrolyte characteristics. Furthermore, using a more complex model wastewater solution, containing two different metal cations, leads to a multi-contaminant adsorbent that exhibits additive electrochemical responses, thereby establishing proof-of-concept for the reuse of real-world wastewater adsorbents into energy storage devices
Textilkonstens redskap : ett urval av tidigmoderna hantverksföremål från Gustavianums historiska samlingar
No full textDenna katalog ger en kortare introduktion till några vanligt förekommande föremål som använts vid textilt hantverk i tidigmoderna Sverige. Redskapen som visas kombinerar både praktiska och estetiska aspekter och är på så sätt en form av brukskonst, åsyftande konstnärlig utformning av vardagliga bruksföremål. Många av dessa tidigmoderna hantverksredskap har ett ursprung som friargåvor och det är därför de ofta är så omsorgsfullt och dekorativt utformade.Katalogen tillkom vid ett projektarbete i kandidatprogrammet i kultur, samhälle och etnografi vid Uppsala universitet.</p
Overriding Nature : Favourable Environments in Early Life Reduces Genetic Inequality in Political Participation
No full textNew research indicates that genetic variants related to educational attainment influence individuals’ political participation. This suggests that political inequality of opportunity is partially rooted in an inequality in genetic resources. However, the possibility that these genetic influences are contingent on individuals’ environments, such that they are amplified or reduced by certain environmental characteristics, remains unexplored. Using longitudinal and geo-coded register data for a large sample of genotyped twins in the Swedish Twin Registry, this paper explores whether early-life proximal environments that are conducive to participation modifies the effects of individuals’ education-related genetic resources on voting, as measured by a polygenic index for educational attainment. The results suggest that the level of political engagement, and of SES, both within the family and within the neighbourhood, can reduce the effects of genetic resources on voting. This has implications for how we can direct policy to ameliorate genetic inequalities in political participation
Russian Digital Nationalism : Digital Practices and Discursive Constructions of the Russian Nation in a Nationalist Media Ecology
No full textThis thesis explores the digital enactment through practices and discursive construction of Russian nationalism in a hybrid media system, before and after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The discourses and practices are situated through a close mapping of the Russian nationalist media ecology, and intertextuality with other actors is examined (such as state institutions, state-aligned media groups, the Russian Orthodox Church portals, military bloggers, and influencers). Theoretically, the study is grounded in the discursive turn of nationalism theories, critical discourse studies, digital practices, and media ecology. A new definition of media ecology is provided and applied to the data. After the initial mapping, four key actors were selected for an in-depth analysis of digital practices and discourses: Konstantin Malofeev’s Tsargrad Society and Television; Ekaterina Mizulina and the League for Safe Internet; Yevgeny Prigozhin’s Federal News Agency (RIA-FAN, the Patriot Media Group); and the state-owned RIA Novosti (Russia Today Group). A mixed-methods and longitudinal approach (June 2018–June 2023) was adopted, combining digital methods (such as data scraping and netnography) with discourse-historical analysis, incorporated into the framework of a digital discourse-ethnographic approach. The primary data for this study consists of websites and media publications (news, opinion pieces, manifestos, videos), social media posts (from VKontakte and Telegram), and other audio-visual formats. The findings reveal that the Russian nationalist media ecology penetrates mainstream media spaces, youth initiatives, and memory politics. Discourses about the nation are not only found in texts of various formats and genres. They are also enacted through digital practices of representation and aesthetics, gamified through virtual or augmented reality applications, and manifested in social media engagement campaigns, reels, or participatory denunciation. The discourses about the Russian nation and its enemies construct a supranational identity and narratives about Russia’s return to great power politics, striving towards the establishment of multipolarity. Russian digital media and technological infrastructures are subjects of securitisation and ongoing enclosure framed as a push for Internet sovereignty from Western platforms. Neo-authoritarian hybrid media systems involve media intermediaries in nation-building, political influencing, discourse dissemination, and user engagement in times of war, going beyond standard mechanisms of restrictions and surveillance.Committee Members:Alexandra Segerberg, [email protected] Kaun, [email protected] Jakobsson, [email protected]</p
Advances in Morphological Profiling of Cellular Responses to Environmental Stressors Using Cell Painting
No full textHumans are constantly exposed to stressors from natural sources, such as viruses and bacteria, and anthropogenic sources, including chemicals from consumer products and environmental pollution. The vast range and complexity of these exposures make it challenging to elucidate their potential adverse effects on human health. Morphological profiling has emerged as a powerful, scalable, and cost-effective approach for systematically studying diverse perturbations and their cellular responses. Cell Painting, an image-based assay for morphological profiling, measures global cellular responses through multiplexed staining of eight cellular components, high-content imaging, and multiparametric analysis. The resulting profiles capture subtle phenotypic changes, offering valuable insights into bioactivity and underlying biological mechanisms. Among the diverse stressors humans face, emerging pathogenic viruses represent a particularly pressing global concern. To advance antiviral discovery, we adapted the Cell Painting assay by incorporating a virus-specific antibody, enabling simultaneous quantification of infection levels and in-depth characterization of host-cell responses. This approach offers clear advantages over conventional single-endpoint antiviral screens. Paper I investigated the effects of CoV-229E coronavirus infection on cell morphology and demonstrated the approach’s utility for antiviral compound screening. Paper II expanded this with a 5,275-compound drug repurposing screen, identifying drugs that reverse SARS-CoV-2-induced cell phenotypes while providing insights into host-targeted pathways and compound mechanisms of action. While viral pathogens pose significant public health challenges, environmental pollution represents a more chronic threat, contributing to an estimated nine million deaths annually. Despite this burden, chemicals are often inadequately assessed for health effects and typically studied individually, overlooking potential combination effects from co-exposure. To address this gap, Paper III applied Cell Painting to study the morphological effects of chemical mixtures. Using three environmental compounds, we demonstrated that Cell Painting effectively characterizes dose- and combination-dependent cellular responses across biologically diverse cell lines. In Paper IV, we profiled 900 environmental chemicals across multiple human cell lines to assess their bioactivity and infer putative mechanisms of action by comparing them to reference chemicals with well-characterized toxicity mechanisms. Together, these findings establish Cell Painting as a powerful tool for capturing complex cellular responses across diverse contexts, offering new avenues for antiviral discovery and environmental hazard assessment
Feasibility of introducing intensive comprehensive rehabilitation of aphasia and apraxia of speech in Swedish healthcare : A multicentre study of clinical practice, stakeholder experience and outcome trends
No full textIntroduction: Aphasia and apraxia of speech (AOS) are common consequences of stroke that significantly impact communication, social participation, and quality of life. While intensive aphasia rehabilitation has demonstrated efficacy and is recommended in the Swedish stroke guidelines, a gap exists between this evidence and regular clinical practice in Sweden. This study investigates the feasibility of introducing a modified intensive comprehensive aphasia programme (mICAP) into the Swedish healthcare system. Methods: Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) were recruited across Sweden to deliver the mICAP programme. Current clinical practices were investigated via questionnaire before the trial. SLPs underwent training in ICAP delivery. A pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted, with patients assigned to either immediate or delayed intervention. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment rates, treatment fidelity, data completeness, and stakeholder experiences. Preliminary efficacy was explored using language assessments, functional communication measures, and patient/proxy-reported outcomes. Mixed methods were employed to comprehensively understand patient and SLP experiences. Results: Current practice before the trial was characterised by low-intensity rehabilitation with significant organisational barriers to delivering high-dose therapy. In the feasibility trial, the MIRAA programme achieved the target treatment intensity. Outcomes were heterogeneous, with no clear group-level effects but strong individual gains for some. Patients reported overwhelming satisfaction, valuing the programme structure and psychosocial benefits. SLPs endorsed the programme but were constrained by systemic barriers, which resulted in a large dropout rate and difficulties to form cohorts. Successful implementation requires system-level changes, including increased SLP staffing, organisational reforms, and a shift towards pre planned comprehensive rehabilitation. Conclusions: While the MIRAA programme is highly acceptable to patients and SLPs, its implementation is constrained by organisational barriers. Future research should focus on large-scale trials to identify predictors of individual treatment response
An Anthropologist's Guide to Dungeons and Dragons : A study on ritual, community and identity in role-play
No full textThis thesis explores how table-top roleplaying sessions function as ritual spaces that foster identity formation and community among players in Dublin, Ireland. This ethnography demonstrates that game-play creates a structured yet imaginative environment where participants temporarily step outside everyday life. Within this context, players develop strong attachments to their characters, negotiate aspects of self and other through mimicry, and experience moments of communitas that strengthen social bonds. The element of random chance introduced by dice rolls deepens this liminality, producing unexpected narrative turns that enhance collective storytelling. Ultimately, these sessions operate as modern rituals, providing participants with a space for creative identity work and communal belonging
En föränderlig livshistoria : Ulf Ekmans självbiografiska skildringar.
No full text The 2014 conversion of Swedish mega church pastor Ulf Ekman to Roman Catholicism made the international news. Ekman, a then Lutheran priest and student chaplain had, in the early 1980s been a student at Kenneth Hagin’s Rhema bible school and upon his return to the university city of Uppsala, left his Lutheran ministry and founded a non-denominational charismatic church - Word of life (Swedish: Livets Ord). The church became heavily involved in mission work and church planting in the former USSR, and Ekman was, at least in a relational sense, the spiritual leader of roughly 250 000 believers in over 1000 churches in the Nordic countries and the former USSR. In the early 00s, he spent a few years in Jerusalem, establishing a study centre for the World of Life international fellowship. Ekman has written autobiographical texts in three major seasons of his life and ministry. In the nineties, in the early 2010s and together with his wife Birgitta, after their conversion, in 2015. This thesis is studying if and then how changes occur in how Ekman is telling his biography in various parts of his life. Using Ekman’s biographical texts as primary sources, it is apparent that the years in Jerusalem were of tremendous importance for Ekman in his view of unity and his perception of other denominations. A previous streak of anti-catholicism, notable especially around 1990, faded away completely and a new focus on historicity, sacramentality and (initially small-c) catholicism became visible.
Predicting the Biological Function of [FeFe]-hydrogenases in Bacteria using Genome Analysis
No full textHydrogenases are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible redox reaction of hydrogen. [FeFe]-hydrogenases are particularly efficient catalysts, which makes them interesting in the context of developing efficient biomimetic catalysts. In bacteria, [FeFe]-hydrogenases can be separated into four phylogenetic groups called A, B, C, and D. The biological role of [FeFe]-hydrogenases is not fully known, though group A is the most well understood group. The function of a protein can sometimes be deduced by studying the function of proteins that have genes on the same operon. The functionality of proteins can often be classified into COG categories. This project has used explorative data analysis to predict the structures of operons that have [FeFe]-hydrogenase genes on them and the function of the [FeFe]-hydrogenases based on the function of the proteins whose genes are predicted to be on the same operon. This has included identifying subgroups of group A, B, C, and D, and analysing how the operon structures and neighbouring genes differ between them. A deeper study of group D, whose predicted operons tended to contain the largest number of neighbouring genes, showed that the proteins that the neighbouring genes encoded often contain certain domains. DRTGG was the most well conserved domain for these proteins, but the purpose of the DRTGG domain is currently unknown.