Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Specimens for the "science of man" : Skulls, race, and instructions in James Prichard's Enlightenment ethnology
No full textIn this article we explain why a tradition of instructions issued for the proper conduct of natural history and founded in the eighteenth century became such an influential source for pervasive notions of race in the nineteenth century. In particular, we locate the transnational influence of this tradition in the work of James Cowles Prichard (1786–1848) between his time as a student of medicine at the University of Edinburgh and the posthumous publication of his own instructions for “ethnology” in John Herschel’s A Manual of Scientific Enquiry in 1849. By locating Prichard in this intellectual context, we connect the transnational Enlightenment tradition of instructing natural history travel (section one), to the practice of collecting both artifacts and human remains (section two), and the role of both ideas and collected items that transformed people into specimens by the turn of the century (section three). We argue that this little-known but profoundly influential pan-European tradition of instructed natural history activated a set of ideas and knowledge practices in a wide range of colonial settings, regularly marked by violence and enslavement, that transformed human beings into specimens to be compiled in quest of a science of race
Analysing Market Trends in theEU Emissions Trading SystemUsing Data Mining Techniques
No full textThis thesis project aims to provide a detailed study of the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS), a key component of the EU’s climate policy for cost-effective greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, by applying data mining and analysis techniques to data derived from the Union Registry Public Website and stored in an internal database. The thesis aims to assess how well the EU ETS is working to reduce CO2 emissions across Europe and to better understand its overall effects. A key part of the research involves analyzing installation-level data to identify compliance trends across different countries and regions. This analysis shows which areas have the highest emissions, which regions have successfully reduced emissions, and which entities are major emitters. The study also explores industry-specific compliance patterns, highlighting the sectors that contribute most to overall emissions and those that have achieved the greatest reductions. Another important focus of the thesis is the analysis of allowance transfers between EU ETS participants. The project includes a case study on Sweden, comparing its emission trends with other EU countries. This comparative analysis highlights similarities and differences in how Sweden’s ETS participants engage with the system, providing insights into regional variations in policy effectiveness and market behavior
Patienters upplevelser av postoperativ smärtbehandling efter bukkirurgi : En litteraturöversikt
No full textIntroduktion: Postoperativ smärta är vanligt efter bukkirurgi. Det orsakar lidande, försämrad återhämtning och ökad belastning på vården. Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde innefattar att skapa en välfungerande smärtbehandling för varje enskild patient. Smärta är subjektivt, olika upplevelser av postoperativ smärtbehandling behöver därför sammanställasför att skapa bättre förståelse för patienters generella behov. Syfte: Syftet var att genom en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt beskriva patienters upplevelser av smärtbehandling efter bukkirurgi. Metod: Litteraturöversikten baserades på tio kvalitativa originalartiklar från Cinahl och Pubmed, samt två externa artiklar funna i referenslistor. Dessa granskades med SBU:s granskningsmall och analyserades enligt Popenoes metod. Resultat: Analysen utmynnade i två huvudkategorier: ”Otillräckligt behandlad smärta är plågsamt” samt ”Faktorer som minskar lidandet”. Patienter upplevde att otillräckligt behandlad postoperativ smärta var plågsam och negativt påverkade både psykiskt och fysiskt välbefinnande genom oro, ångest, isolering och nedsatt rörelseförmåga. Tillräcklig smärtlindring främjades av långsiktig, individanpassad behandling där patienten var delaktig. Trygghet, tydlig information samt ett lugnt, empatiskt och lyhört bemötande ökade känslan av kontroll och minskade smärtupplevelsen. Slutsats: Otillräcklig postoperativ smärtlindring orsakar lidande hos patienter. Tillräcklig smärtlindring samt information, gott bemötande och trygghet, minskar lidandet. Sjuksköterskans roll är därmed central för att säkerställa god, individanpassad postoperativsmärtbehandling.Introduction: Postoperative pain is common following abdominal surgery. With suffering, longer recovery periods, and increased pressure on the health care system. The nurse’s responsibility is to create an effective pain treatment for each individual patient. Since pain is an individual experience, different needs must be met for different patients. Various experiences of postoperative pain treatment had to be summarized in order to understand patients' general needs. Purpose: The purpose was to describe patients' experiences of pain treatment following abdominal surgery through a qualitative literature review. Method: The literature review was based on ten qualitative original articles from Cinahl and PubMed, as well as two external articles found in reference lists. These were reviewed using SBU’s review template and analyzed according to Popenoe’s method. Results: The analysis revealed two main categories: “Insufficiently treated pain is agonizing” and “Factors that reduce suffering”. Patients experienced inadequately managedpostoperative pain as distressing, negatively affecting both psychological and physical well being through anxiety, fear, isolation, and reduced mobility. Effective pain relief was promoted by long-term, individualized treatment involving patient participation. A sense of security, clear information, and calm, empathetic, and attentive care enhanced feelings of control and contributed to reduced pain. Conclusion: Inadequate postoperative pain relief causes suffering in patients. Adequate pain management, along with information, respectful treatment, and a sense of security, reduces this suffering. The nurse’s role is therefore central in ensuring effective postoperative pain management
Föräldrars erfarenheter av att ha ett barn med cancer : En kvalitativ litteraturstudie
No full textIntroduktion Barncancer drabbade cirka 350 barn i Sverige 2024. Diagnosen orsakar en mycket påfrestande situation för barnet och familjen. Föräldrarnas erfarenheter av att ha ett barn med cancer kan variera genom att sjukdomen påverkar föräldern på olika sätt. Det ger varierande behov och olika sätt att hantera den nya verkligheten. Barncancervården ska innefatta omvårdnad av föräldrar men det har framkommit av föräldrarna att det psykosociala stödet upplevs som otillräckligt. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva föräldrars erfarenheter av att ha ett barn med cancer Metod För att besvara syftet genomfördes studien som en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med beskrivande design. Originalartiklarna som inkluderades i studien inhämtades från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades för att säkerställa att artiklarna som ingick i studien var av hög kvalitet. En resultatanalys gjordes med intention att sammanställa resultatet från samtliga artiklar till en helhet. Huvudresultat Resultatet bestod av fyra kategorier och nio subkategorier som framställdes ifrån 11 artiklar. Huvudkategorierna var Känslomässig resa genom sjukdomstiden, Betydelsen av stöd, Copingstrategier och Social påverkan. Föräldrarna upplevde varierande känslor genom sjukdomstiden, behov av olika former av stöd, olika copingstrategier samt förändrad social dynamik. Slutsats Resultatet visade att föräldrar till barn med cancer befinner sig i en psykiskt krävande livssituation med varierande känslor, behov av stöd, varierande copingstrategier och förändringar i det sociala livet. Tillgång till stöd från sjuksköterskor är avgörande för att stärka föräldrars välbefinnande och förmågan att ge barnet stöd.
Codimension-Two Defects and SYM on Orbifolds
No full textWe study U(N) SYM theories on spaces with orbifold singularities via an equivalent description in terms of gauge theories on smooth manifolds with insertions of Gukov-Witten and twist defects. The combined effect of the defects is to render the fields multivalued with respect to rotations around the support of the defects. This motivates a relation with theories on branched covers, for which the multivaluedness has a geometric interpretation. We compute the partition function of the theory with defects on a patch and use it as a building block to compute partition functions on several closed spaces with conical singularities
High-performance hydrogen gas sensor based on Ag-incorporated ZnO nanoparticles
No full textZnO-based sensors often suffer from low response rates and long response and recovery times. To address this issue, Ag-incorporated ZnO-based gas sensors with Ag contents of 2, 4, 6, and 8% were synthesized using a simple, fast, and cost-effective method, making them promising candidates for future industrial applications. Structural analysis confirmed the presence of Zn-O bonding and the incorporation of silver as a secondary metallic phase, well integrated with the ZnO nanoparticles. Gas sensing tests were performed under different conditions, and the sample with 2% Ag content exhibited an extraordinary response of 4357%, approximately 29 times higher than that of pure ZnO nanoparticles. The sample with 8% Ag content showed the lowest response and recovery times. Additionally, the response rates of the samples were positively correlated with both concentration and temperature. The increase in response rate was attributed to the spill-over effect in the samples, which enhanced hydrogen mobility. The results demonstrated that Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited higher porosity compared to the pure ZnO sample. This suggests that tuning the porosity or structure can further enhance the performance of ZnO-based sensors. Moreover, the fabricated sensor showed high sensitivity and an exceptionally low detection limit, indicating strong potential for the continued development of ZnO nanostructure-based gas sensors
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and risk of infection : a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data.
No full textBACKGROUND: Infections are a major cause of hospitalization in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with incidence similar to cardiovascular disease, yet the risk of infection has not been systematically studied across stages of CKD. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data including 1,246,912 individuals across 47 cohorts in the CKD Prognosis Consortium, with information on estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine (eGFRcr) and urinary albuminuria (ACR) (or proteinuria converted to ACR), to examine the association of eGFR and ACR with the risk of hospitalization with infection. Outcomes were ascertained through diagnostic codes on hospital discharge records relevant to acute infections (i.e., upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal tract, genital, nervous system, and cardiovascular system infections, and sepsis). Follow-up was censored on December 31, 2019 or on the last date of cohort follow-up, whichever was earlier. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). FINDINGS: During follow-up, 170,864 (13.7%) individuals had a hospitalization with infection (IR, 22.0 [IQI, 16.2-31.0] per 1000 person-yrs). In Cox models, compared to eGFRcr 90-104 ml/min/1.73 m2 and ACR <10 mg/g, lower eGFRcr and higher ACR were each independently associated with an increased hazard of infection in a graded manner, including in eGFRcr 60-89 and 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m2 (adjusted HRs [95% CI], 1.09 [1.06-1.13] and 1.39 [1.34-1.45]) and ACR 10-29 and 30-299 mg/g (1.40 [1.33-1.47] and 1.82 [1.72-1.92]). High eGFRcr ≥105 ml/min/1.73 m2 was also associated with the risk of infection (1.22 [1.17-1.26]). Combined, eGFRcr <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 and ACR ≥ 300 mg/g were associated with more than 6-fold higher hazard of infections (6.27 [5.70-6.90]). These findings were consistent across infection subtypes (e.g., HRs for lower respiratory tract infections, 1.26 [1.22-1.30] per -15 ml/min/1.73 m2 in eGFR and 1.48 [1.44-1.53] per 8-fold increase in ACR). INTERPRETATION: Lower kidney function and higher albuminuria were independently associated with higher risk of infection. The risk was elevated even in mild to moderate CKD, with the highest risk seen in the most advanced stage of CKD. Infection prevention measures should target individuals across all CKD stages
Äldres upplevelser av att använda digitala vårdtjänster : En litteraturstudie
No full textIntroduktion: Den äldre populationen växer snabbt globalt, vilket ökar kraven på vård tillgängligheten. Digital vård har potential att förbättra tillgång och självständighet för äldre, särskilt för de med fysiska eller geografiska hinder. Men äldre möter ofta tekniska svårigheter och förlorad kontinuitet i vård relationer vid användning av digitala tjänster. Detta skapar ett behov av att anpassa vården efter deras specifika behov. Därmed utgår den teoretiska referensramen utifrån personcentrerad vård. Syfte: Att undersöka äldres upplevelser av att använda digitala vårdtjänster. Metod: En deskriptiv litteratursstudie med kvalitativ ansats där 20 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades och analyserades enligt Popenoe et al. (2021). Resultat: Digitalisering av vården medför både möjligheter och utmaningar. Fyra huvudkategorier identifierades. Bekvämlighet och effektivitet, Utmaningar i teknisk användning och digital kompetens, Minskad fysisk och social kontakt, samt Behovet av stöd för äldre. E-hälsa och digitala tjänster ökade tillgängligheten och självständigheten, särskilt för personer med svårigheter att ta sig till vården. Samtidigt uppstod problem för de med bristande teknisk kompetens, och den mänskliga kontakten minskade, vilket påverkade relationen till vårdpersonalen. Slutsats: Digital vård innebär både möjligheter och utmaningar för äldre. Digitala tjänster upplevs som flexibla och effektiva men begränsas av tekniska hinder och bristande digital kompetens. Äldre uppskattar möjligheten till vårdmöjligheter hemifrån, men den personliga kontakten med vårdgivaren förblir central. För att digital vård ska vara personcentrerad krävs anpassning och stöd utifrån individens behov för att motverka digitalt utanförskap. Introduction: The global older population is rapidly increasing, creating higher demands for accessible healthcare. Telemedicine can improve access and independence, especially for those with physical or geographical limitations. However, older adults often face technical difficulties and a loss of continuity in care relationships when using digital services. Therefore, the theoretical framework is based on person centered care. Aim: To explore older adults' experiences of using digital healthcare services. Method: A descriptive literature review with a qualitative approach, including 20 scientific articles. Analysis followed the method of Popenoe et al. (2021). Result: The digitalization of healthcare presents both opportunities and challenges. Four categories were identified: Convince and efficiency, Challenges regarding technical utilizations and digital competence, Reduced physical and social emotions, and The need for support for older adults. E-health and digital services were found to enhance accessibility and independence, particularly for individuals facing difficulties in reaching healthcare services. However, challenges emerged for those with limited technical skills, and the reduction in human contact was perceived to impact the relationship with healthcare professionals. Conclusions: Digital healthcare presents both opportunities and challenges for older adults. Digital services and perceived as flexible and efficient but are limited by technical barriers and a lack of digital competence. Older individuals appreciate the possibility of receiving care at home, yet personal contact with healthcare providers remains essential. To ensure that digital healthcare is person-centered, adaptation and support based on individual needs are required to prevent digital exclusion.
Toughening glass ceramics nanocomposites via engineering interfaces
No full textReducing the brittleness of glass ceramics has always been a challenge due to their intrinsic nature. Various toughening strategies have been developed to address this issue. Among these, the solid solution interface between grains and between grain and glass plays a crucial role in strengthening brittle materials. As grain size decreases to the nanoscale, the number of interfaces increases exponentially, making nanointerfaces particularly important for tailoring mechanical properties, especially toughness. In this study, we focused on engineering solid solution nanointerfaces in nanocrystalline glass ceramics to enhance their toughness. Except for the interface weakening strategy, our findings reveal that interface strengthening can lead to even greater improvements in toughness. We introduced ions with varying valence states (+1 to + 5) that segregated at the nanointerfaces within a nanocrystalline zirconia-embedded silica glass matrix. As a result, the Mg-GC achieved a toughness of up to 12.4 MPa center dot m1/2, the highest reported for glassy materials. Finite element simulations demonstrated that interfacial strengthening significantly promotes more diffused cracking, which dissipates more energy and thereby enhances fracture toughness. These findings open up new possibilities for toughening glass ceramics
Code & Culture : 30 Years of the Department of ALM at Uppsala University – A Scholarly Anthology
No full textDenna antologi innehåller bidrag skrivna av oss forskande medarbetare vid institutionen för ABM, Uppsala universitet. Boken har tillkommit för att uppmärksamma att det 2025 är trettio år sedan verksamheten vid institutionen inleddes. Då skapades den bibliotekarieutbildning som sedan blev ett utbildningsprogram i biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap. Några år senare tillkom utbildning i musei- och kulturarvsvetenskap och i arkivvetenskap. Alla tre ämnen är numera samlade i masterprogrammet i ABM och sedan några år har vi även ett masterprogram i digital humaniora. Centrum för digital humaniora och samhällsvetenskap är dessutom administrativt knutet till institutionen idag. CDHU organiserar workshops, seminarier och kurser inom digital humaniora för doktorander och forskare inom hela Humsam-området och erbjuder infrastrukturellt stöd till externfinansierade forskningsprojekt. Under de trettio som gått år har en intensiv forskningsverksamhet också vuxit fram vid institutionen, och det är mot denna vi riktar vårt fokus i denna antologi. Syftet är att ge smakprov på den forskning som bedrivs vid institutionen för ABM idag. Här berörs exempelvis forskning om metadata, bibliotekshistoria, läsfrämjandearbete, datafieringens implikationer inom kulturarvsområdet, medicinska journalers roller, arkiv i krig, tolkning av visuell information samt relationen mellan digital humaniora och ABM-ämnena. Antologin är tvåspråkig och bidragen skrivna antingen på svenska eller engelska.This anthology brings together contributions written by the research staff at the Department of ALM (Archival, Library and Museum Studies), Uppsala University. With this volume, we wish to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the department’s establishment. In 1995, a librarian training program was launched, which subsequently developed into a full program in Library and Information Science. A few years later, programs in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies as well as in Archival Science were added. Today, all three disciplines are brought together in the Master’s Program in ALM, and in recent years we have also introduced a Master’s Program in Digital Humanities. The Centre for Digital Humanities and Social Sciences (CDHU) is also administratively affiliated with the department. CDHU organizes workshops, seminars, and courses in digital humanities for doctoral students and researchers across the humanities and social sciences, and provides infrastructural support for externally funded research projects. Over the past thirty years, an intensive research environment has likewise developed at the department, which forms the focus of the present anthology. The aim is to provide a selection of current research carried out at the Department of ALM. Topics addressed include, for example, metadata, library history, reading promotion, the implications of datafication for the cultural heritage sector, the role of medical records, archives in wartime, the interpretation of visual information, and the relationship between digital humanities and the ALM disciplines. The anthology is bilingual, with contributions written in either Swedish or English