19683 research outputs found
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Networks in Flux: Climate survey
No full textHow do people feel about how the HIV and Hepatitis-C sector works together? We wanted to know whether people were generally positive, negative, or ambivalent about how well the organisations involved work together, without thinking about individual relationships. To do this we asked a set of 31 questions to measure perceptions of positive trust, mistrust, synergy, shared power, and unshared power in the sector (Jones and Barry, 2011). These questions were included in the network surveys conducted in late-2018 and late 2022, which allowed us to see if there was a change between the two periods. We found that respondents had mixed views of the sector in 2018, with middling scores on positive trust, synergy, mistrust, and unshared power. In 2022 there was a statistically significant increase in positive trust and synergy, and a statistically significant decrease in mistrust and unshared power.</p
Scaling up structured lifestyle interventions to improve the management of cardiometabolic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of strategies, methods and outcomes
No full textINTRODUCTION: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), the leading causes of death in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), are proven to be mitigated through structured lifestyle interventions (SLIs-dietary changes, physical activity, tobacco cessation and alcohol intake), but the challenge lies in scaling them up in LMICs. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to identify the strategies, methods and outcomes used in scaling up SLI programmes to improve cardiometabolic outcomes in LMICs. METHODS: We searched studies implementing scale-up strategies (delivery approaches enhancing an intervention's adoption, implementation and sustainability), methods (theories, models and frameworks) and present outcomes (feasibility, fidelity, etc) following the Proctor E framework. We searched six databases to identify studies published in English with no time restriction, guided by the Setting, Perspective, Intervention, Comparison and Evaluation framework. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias, National Institutes of Health and Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Given the heterogeneity of the outcome measures, we conducted a narrative synthesis of the extracted information. RESULTS: Out of the 26 studies included, 18 (69%) adapted SLI interventions to suit local contexts. Strategies such as system integration, strengthening facility services and training led to up to 100% attendance of participants. Notably, only four studies (15%) used theories, models and frameworks for the full scale-up process, which is crucial for large-scale implementation in resource-limited settings. 15 (58%) studies reported the feasibility of scale-up, whereas 7 (27%) reported no significant differences in lifestyle behaviours or CMD biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Early community and local stakeholders' engagement is crucial for codeveloping strategies for the scale-up of SLIs. Conducting readiness assessments and system integration are all essential considerations for improving scale-up outcomes. Additionally, we strongly recommend using suitable frameworks to guide the scale-up of SLIs to maximise the benefit for the population.</p
Evidence synthesis of health policy and systems research in rehabilitation: a protocol for Cochrane overviews of systematic reviews on delivery, governance, financial arrangements, and implementation strategies
No full textAbstract: Cochrane Rehabilitation and the World Health Organization (WHO) Rehabilitation Program are collaborating to produce four Cochrane over- views of systematic reviews that synthesize the current evidence from health policy and systems research (HPSR) in rehabilitation. They will focus on the four pillars of HPSR identified by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) taxonomy: delivery arrangements, financial arrangements, governance arrangements, and implementation strategies. The protocol describes why HPSR is currently needed in rehabilitation, provides detailed information on the four EPOC pillars in interaction with rehabilitation and reports the Cochrane methods that will be followed to produce the overviews.1. Del Furia MJ, Minozzi S, Arienti C, Battel I, Capodaglio P, Côté P, Décary S, De Groote W, Duttine A, Frontera WR, Gimigliano F, Kiekens C, Mudau Q, Ryan R, Sabariego C, Negrini S. Delivery arrangements for rehabilitation services in health systems: an overview of systematic reviews. 2. Gimigliano F, Arienti C, Butzback OK, Capodaglio P, Côté P, Décary S, Del Furia MJ, De Groote W, Duttine A, Frontera WR, Iolascon G, Kiekens C, Liguori S, Minozzi S, Mudau Q, Negrini S, Paoletta M, Ryan R, Sabariego C, Moretti A. Financial arrangements for rehabilitation services in health systems: an overview of systematic reviews. 3. Atkinson-Graham M, Mior S, Bakaa N, Konstantinidis T, Wong J, Arienti C, Capodaglio P, Décary S, De Groote W, Del Furia MJ, Duttine A, Frontera WR, Kiekens C, Minozzi S, Gimigliano F, Mudau Q, Negrini S, Ryan R, Sabariego C, Côté P. Governance arrangements for rehabilitation services in health systems: an overview of systematic reviews. 4. Touhami D, Ryan R, Engeda EH, Arienti C, Capodaglio P, Côté P, Décary S, Del Furia MJ, De Groote W, Duttine A, Frontera WR, Gimigliano F, Kiekens C, Minozzi S, Mudau Q, Negrini S, Sabariego C. Implementation strategies for rehabilitation services in health systems: an overview of systematic reviews.The protocol is largely common to all four overviews. The individual parts of each overview can be identified by the sub-titles delivery arrangements, financial arrangements, governance arrangements, and implementation strategies for overviews 1 to 4.</p
Low Genetic Diversity and Complex Population Structure in Black Piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), a Key Amazonian Predator
No full textThe black piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), a widely spread species in the rivers of the Amazon basin, plays a vital role as both key predator and important prey. Despite its essential contribution to ecosystem stability, there is a lack of information regarding its genetic diversity and population dynamics in the central Amazon region. As the Amazon continues to undergo environmental changes in the context of growing anthropogenic threats, such knowledge is fundamental for assist in the conservation of this species. This study is the first to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of S. rhombeus in the central Amazon region using high-resolution genomic data. We employed a Genotyping-by-Sequencing approach with 248 samples across 14 study sites from various tributaries, encompassing diverse water types (black, white, and clear water) and characterized by 34 physiochemical parameters. The data reveals low diversity accompanied by pronounced signs of inbreeding in half of the sites and robust genetic differentiation and variation among sites and within-sites. Surprisingly, we also found evidence of higher dispersal capacity than previously recognized. Our analysis exposed a complex and high population structure with genetic groups exclusive to some sites. Gene flow was low and some groups presented ambiguous genealogical divergence index (gdi) signals, suggesting the occurrence of potential cryptic species. Moreover, our results suggest that the population structure of black piranha appears more influenced by historical events than contemporary factors. These results underscore the need to give greater attention to this keystone species, for which no regulatory framework or conservation strategies is presently in effect.</p
What is the care economy? A scoping review on current evidence, challenges, facilitators and future opportunities
No full textBackground: The care economy gained its prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The value and impact of caregiving, mostly shouldered by women, was not as visible until such crisis point. Health care and social support sectors represent the largest and fastest growing industry globally. This scoping review aims to elucidate the current state of play in the care economy, where there is a great reliance on informal and formal care workforce to deliver care for populations across all age groups and abilities. Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA-SCR reporting guidance, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Campbell collaboration database, Social Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) and Scopus. Quantitative and qualitative original research on disability, aged care, early childhood education and care, rural, veterans, migrants and informal and formal care workforce from January 2018 until November 2023 were examined. Results: Of 354 studies selected, 20% were from the United States of America, 11% each were from China and the United Kingdom. Most studies employed cross-sectional design. A quarter of the studies included adults aged 65 years and above while 6% were adults aged 18 to 64 years. These age groups combined were included in an additional 27% of studies. Women were overrepresented in 70% of the studies. Nearly two-thirds of caregivers were spouses or partners. Barriers to providing care were lack of education, support and monitoring of caregiver well-being, loss of income or ability to earn money, reduced social life and increased out-of-pocket costs. Gaps in research included migrant populations’ contribution to the care economy, gender and diversity inequality in the care economy. The care economy could be improved through providing education for caregivers, care workforce engaging with caregivers in the care plan, and governments’ overhaul of compensation for caregivers through direct financial support and employment benefits. Conclusion: The care economy is an emerging research area. There continues to be a paucity of research evidence across some geographical areas. Studies are mostly short term or small scale with very little evidence around the value of care. Given the growing aging population, more research is needed to elucidate the positive aspects of caring by formal and informal care workforce to the population, society and economy.</p
Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries
No full textAbstract: Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policy making. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policy making. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists.</p
Los acuerdos antes de los acuerdos: cómo las plataformas aprovechan relaciones existentes con editoriales para evitar la reg ulación
No full textFrom "NUEVAS DIRECCIONES EN LA INNOVACIÓN Y FINANCIACIÓN DE LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN" ("Novel Directions in Media Innovation and Funding"), a report on the International Communication Association Post Conference : Toronto, Ontario : May 29-30, 2024.https://journalisminnovation.ca/2024/07/09/novel-directions-in-media-innovation-and-funding/</p
Exploring the Views and Experiences of Women, Partners and Staff regarding a New Pregnancy and Early Parenting Resource: A Multi Method Study
No full textSubmitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.</p
Health Navigators Project: Stage 2b Preliminary Findings
No full textThe Health Navigators Project is focused on making it easier for people with mental and physical health challenges to get the support they need. Stage 2b of the project involved speaking with 59 people—38 consumers, 21 carers, and 6 who had both experiences—through interviews and focus groups to understand what an effective health navigator service should look like.</p
<b>Divergent Responses of Insectivorous Bats and Flying Insects to Experimental LED Illumination of Different Spectra</b>
No full textWe conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of short-term nighttime illumination on nocturnal flying insects and insectivorous bats in previously unlit remnant bushland. We compared these organisms’ responses to three types of light-emitting diode (LED) lights, each with a unique spectral composition (cool white (CW) - λP 457 nm, filtered white (FW) - λP 586 nm, and amber (A) - λP 601 nm), as well as a control (C) group without illumination.</p