19683 research outputs found
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The use of ‘Lawfare’ in the South China Sea Disputes: views from the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia
No full textThis article will discuss several States’ use of lawfare – particularly the international judiciary – to achieve a political objective, especially in the context of the South China Sea disputes. The article will first discuss the origin of the term ‘lawfare’ and its various interpretations before looking at how the Philippines utilised lawfare through the arbitration proceedings it brought against China in the South China Sea. The article will then look at Vietnam, another South China Sea claimant who did not join the arbitration proceedings, but has not closed the option of utilising such a process to strengthen its position in the dispute. The article will then focus on Indonesia, a non-claimant in the South China Sea dispute, but with a jurisdictional dispute with China, to see if it should consider engaging in lawfare to further its position. Finally, based on the experience of these three countries, the article will analyse whether the use of lawfare is a strategic move that improves the geopolitical and security situation in the South China Sea. </p
Design and evaluation of ChatGPT-MWPS: an AI-enhanced learning system for improving primary students’ mathematical word problem solving
No full textMathematical word problem solving is a fundamental aspect of primary mathematics education, yet students often struggle with translating textual descriptions into structured mathematical representations. In response to this challenge, this study introduces and evaluates ChatGPT-MWPS, an AI-enhanced learning system designed to support fifth-grade students in developing mathematical problem-solving skills through adaptive scaffolding and real-time, step-by-step feedback. Built on a Java-based framework and incorporating OpenAI’s generative AI technology, the system interprets problem content and delivers personalized solution guidance within a digital test paper environment. It supports key instructional functions, such as batch question import, automated test generation, and user management, enabling flexible application in both classroom and self-directed learning settings. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 52 fifth-grade participants to assess the system’s usability and potential educational effectiveness. System perofrmance was measured using a standardized usability scale with 13 dimensions . Results demonstrate that ChatGPT-MWPS achieved favorable usability ratings across the measured dimensions, with particularly strong performance in system reliability, information quality, and cognitive engagement. These findings establish the system's potential for enhancing mathematical learning experiences through its well-received usability characteristics and functional effectiveness. This research contributes to the growing domain of AI in education by demonstrating how generative AI can facilitate personalized mathematics instruction in primary school settings. The outcomes provide practical implications for the design of intelligent tutoring systems that aim to enhance mathematical reasoning and promote learner autonomy.</p
Combining genetic and behavioral predictors of 11-year language outcome
No full textBackground: Rapid population-level identification of language disorders could help provide care to young children to improve their outcomes. Two previous studies identified and replicated up to six parent-reported items that predicted 11-year language outcome with ≥71 % sensitivity and specificity. Here, we assess whether including genetic propensity for toddlerhood vocabulary improves predictive accuracy. Method: The Early Language in Victoria Study (ELVS) recruited 1910 8-month-olds in Melbourne in 2003–2004. The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) recruited 5107 0–1-year-olds across Australia in 2004. Both collected parent-reported items at 2–3 years, a comparable 11-year language outcome: the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-4) Core Language score or Recalling Sentences subtest, and biospecimens for genotyping. We derived polygenic scores capturing participants’ genetic propensity for parent-reported 24–38-month vocabulary. We calculated univariate associations with continuous language outcomes. We used ensemble method SuperLearner to estimate how accurately the parent-reported predictors and polygenic scores predict low 11-year language outcome (>1.5 standard deviations below the mean) in each cohort. Results: Language outcome was available for 839 ELVS and 1441 LSAC participants. Polygenic scores accounted for little variance in continuous language outcomes (R2 Conclusions: Polygenic scores derived for toddlerhood vocabulary did not meaningfully improve predictive accuracy of individuals’ language outcome when added to the phenotypic predictor set. Presently, parent-reported measures or clinician observation appear best for predicting language outcome at this age.</p
Running on empty: locomotor compensation preserves fish schooling under hypoxia and informs principles for bioinspired swarms
No full textEnvironmental stressors such as hypoxia challenge the balance between individual physiological performance and the coordination required for collective behaviors like schooling. Here, we investigate how glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus) modulate locomotor and group-level behavior across a gradient of oxygen saturation (95%-20%) while swimming steadily at a constant cruising speed. We found that tailbeat frequency decreased significantly with declining oxygen (p </p
Nonlinear analysis of steel frames with semi-rigid joints under thermal loading
No full textNo description supplied.</p
A Meta-Analytic Review of Cultural Variation in Affect Valuation
No full textWhat affective states do people ideally want to feel and why? In Affect Valuation Theory, Tsai et al. (2006) proposed and observed that (a) how people would ideally like to feel (their “ideal affect”) differs from how they actually feel (their “actual affect”), and (b) cultural factors shape people’s ideal affect even more than their actual affect. In this individual participant data meta-analysis, we reexamined these two premises in a combined data file of over 31,000 participants from 124 data sets collected by different research teams across the world. Consistent with Tsai et al., we observed that (a) actual affect and ideal affect are empirically distinct constructs, and (b) cultural differences in ideal affect are larger in magnitude than cultural differences in actual affect. These findings held across research teams, participant populations, and publication status. Importantly, most cultural differences in ideal affect endured over time, including European Americans’ greater valuation of high arousal positive states compared to East Asian Americans and East Asians. New patterns also emerged: European Americans valued low arousal positive states more over time; differences in ideal affect emerged among specific East Asian cultural groups; and socioeconomic status, gender, and age were also associated with differences in ideal affect.</p
‘“Son,” My Father Said to Me, “Someday This Will All Be Yours”’: The Clinic, the Climate and a Future
No full textIn this paper we explore the challenges that climate change poses to humanity, including its urgent challenges for systemic thinking. We are critical of orthodox familial approaches to systemic thinking. Instead, we wish to be alert to the complexities we have to face, complexities that are larger than the clinic. These complexities force us—as clinicians—to recognise and take responsibility for the fact that the clinic is not a neutral or ironic position from which to explore possibilities but is itself affected and threatened by an environment that is larger than its scope. Part of the challenge we have ahead is to accept that the picture is not a pleasant one and that it is simply too late to believe in an innocence and in a path to ‘recovery’ if only we all ‘hug trees’. It seems timely to address climate change from this standpoint, in order to remind ourselves of what we have left behind when exploring systemic thinking as family conversations, as well as alerting us to what lies ahead in terms of the challenges of living a life: a far more degraded earth, an earth that is less forgiving and generous in the face of our arrogance. This paper will explore insights from Bateson and, using concepts developed by Deleuze and Guattari, will try to make some inroads into the sombre prospect we have ahead in terms of caring for this earth and addressing foundational issues of sustainability for ourselves as living organisms. We will explore the role that the clinic has ahead of itself in such challenging times.</p
LGBTIQA+ Inclusion in Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Gender Equity: Tips for Using Inclusive Language and Terminology
No full textThis tip sheet will support you to ensure LGBTIQA+ people are included in gender equity and prevention work. It includes tips on talking about LGBTIQA+ communities and talking about violence.</p
