19683 research outputs found
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Tailoring Cancer Information for Older Adults in the Age of Social Media: A Systematic Review Protocol
No full textInformation needs are the foundation of cancer care and one of the most important contributors to supporting older adults with cancer. Existing literature highlights the struggles of older adults during cancer treatment decision-making, with people often leaning heavily on family and caregivers for informational support. There has been a shift in understanding the information needs of older cancer patients, emphasising that these needs are influenced more by personal experiences, beliefs and wishes rather than solely by age. The growing trend of accessing treatment decision-making information through social media platforms, and its impact on older cancer patients has not undergone thorough examination, particularly in relation to older cancer patients their varying levels of health literacy. Recognising the diverse factors contributing to meaningful treatment planning conversations is paramount in efficiently addressing the information needs of this population.The proposed systematic review aims to understand essential information types older adults diagnosed with cancer, of all health literacy levels, seek out to support treatment decisions. Additionally, it seeks to identify the information sought by older adults with cancer on social media platforms during treatment decisions.Primary studies published in English and indexed within Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed/MEDLINE will undergo systematic review.The anticipated completion of the systematic review manuscript associated with this protocol is before December 2023.No previous systematic review focuses on the informational needs of older cancer patients, with diverse health literacy levels, during treatment decision-making. The review outlined in this protocol will provide a nuanced understanding crucial for enhancing cancer care strategies within older cancer patients.</p
“Women should just be women”: Behind the words, terms, and labels of Australian women without children
No full textNo description supplied</p
Emotion AWARE: an artificial intelligence framework for adaptable, robust, explainable, and multi-granular emotion analysis
No full textEmotions are fundamental to human behaviour. How we feel, individually and collectively, determines how humanity evolves and advances into our shared future. The rapid digitalisation of our personal, social and professional lives means we are frequently using digital media to express, understand and respond to emotions. Although recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are able to analyse sentiment and detect emotions, they are not effective at comprehending the complexity and ambiguity of digital emotion expressions in knowledge-focused activities of customers, people, and organizations. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a novel AI framework for the adaptable, robust, and explainable detection of multi-granular assembles of emotions. This framework consolidates lexicon generation and finetuned Large Language Model (LLM) approaches to formulate multi-granular assembles of two, eight and fourteen emotions. The framework is robust to ambiguous emotion expressions that are implied in conversation, adaptable to domain-specific emotion semantics, and the assembles are explainable using constituent terms and intensity. We conducted nine empirical studies using datasets representing diverse human emotion behaviours. The results of these studies comprehensively demonstrate and evaluate the core capabilities of the framework, and consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in adaptable, robust, and explainable multi-granular emotion detection
Diabetes Research Matters: A Three-Round Priority-Setting Survey Consultation with Adults Living with Diabetes and Family Members in Australia
No full textObjective: We aimed to identify the health and quality-of-life research priorities of Australians with diabetes or family members. Methods: Through an iterative, three-step, online survey process we (1) qualitatively generated research topics (long list) in response to one question “What research is needed to support people with diabetes to live a better life?”; (2) determined the most important research questions (short list); and (3) ranked research questions in order of importance (priorities). We aimed to recruit N = 800 participants, with approximate equal representation of diabetes type and family members. Results: Participants (N = 661) were adults (aged 18+ years) in Australia with a self-reporting diagnosis of diabetes (type 1, n = 302; type 2, n = 204; prior/current gestational, n = 58; less common types, n = 22, or a family member, n = 75). Retention rates for Surveys 2 and 3 were 47% (n = 295) and 50% (n = 316), respectively. From 1549 open-text responses, 25 topics and 125 research questions were identified thematically. Research priorities differed by cohort, resulting in specific lists developed and ranked by each cohort. The top-ranked research question for the type 1 diabetes cohort was “How can diabetes technology be improved …?” and for the type 2 diabetes cohort: “How can insulin resistance be reversed …?”. One question was common to the final lists of all cohorts: “What are the causes or triggers of diabetes?” Within cohorts, the top priorities were perceived as being of similar importance. Conclusions: The research priorities differ substantially by diabetes type and for family members. These findings should inform funding bodies and researchers, to align future research and its communication with community needs
Cultivating participatory approaches in health promotion planning, delivery, and evaluation: A case study of an academic-health service partnership in rural Victoria
No full textAbstract: Issue Addressed: Community participation in planning, delivery, and evaluation of health promotion (HP) programs is a poorly explored topic. However, this approach has the potential to improve health outcomes and reduce health inequities, particularly for residents of rural and remote areas. Methods: This case study describes the outputs of an academic-health service partnership in rural Victoria. The collaboration has led to the implementation and ongoing evaluation of a microgrant program for HP which integrates community participation principles in the foundations of the program and its evaluation. Results: To date, 10 funded projects have been brought to completion, with COVID-19 having disturbed both grant distribution and funded activity implementation. Semi-structured interviews with health service officers served to clarify conceptualisation and operationalization of HP principles. Focus groups with health service management and officers contributed to building an overarching evaluation framework for the HP team's activities. Finally, the specific methodological evaluation framework for the microgrant program was developed through a collaborative workshop with the HP team and grantees. Conclusions: Fostering community participation in HP planning, delivery, and evaluation, especially in rural areas, is feasible as evidenced by the experience described in this case study. The forthcoming evaluation results will help clarify the impact of community participation on health-related outcomes. So What?: Documentation and dissemination of processes used to increase community participation in HP programs is essential to grow the knowledge base around what works and what doesn't, and for whom.</p
Enhancing Healthcare through Sensor-Enabled Digital Twins in Smart Environments: A Comprehensive Analysis
No full textAbstract: This comprehensive review investigates the transformative potential of sensor-driven digital twin technology in enhancing healthcare delivery within smart environments. We explore the integration of smart environments with sensor technologies, digital health capabilities, and location-based services, focusing on their impacts on healthcare objectives and outcomes. This work analyzes the foundational technologies, encompassing the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI), that underpin the functionalities within smart environments. We also examine the unique characteristics of smart homes and smart hospitals, highlighting their potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery through remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, and real-time data sharing. The review presents a novel solution framework leveraging sensor-driven digital twins to address both healthcare needs and user requirements. This framework incorporates wearable health devices, AI-driven health analytics, and a proof-of-concept digital twin application. Furthermore, we explore the role of location-based services (LBS) in smart environments, emphasizing their potential to enhance personalized healthcare interventions and emergency response capabilities. By analyzing the technical advancements in sensor technologies and digital twin applications, this review contributes valuable insights to the evolving landscape of smart environments for healthcare. We identify the opportunities and challenges associated with this emerging field and highlight the need for further research to fully realize its potential to improve healthcare delivery and patient well-being.</p
Market forces in automated mental health services: New claims in algorithmic care and disability justice
No full textNo description supplied.</p
Large Scoping Reviews: Managing volume and potential chaos in a pool of evidence sources
No full textScoping reviews can identify a large number of evidence sources. This commentary describes and provides guidance on planning, conducting, and reporting large scoping reviews. This guidance is informed by experts in scoping review methodology, including JBI (formerly Joanna Briggs Institute) Scoping Review Methodology group members, who have also conducted and reported large scoping reviews. We propose a working definition for large scoping reviews that includes approximately 100 sources of evidence but must also consider the volume of data to be extracted, the complexity of the analyses, and purpose. We pose 6 core questions for scoping review authors to consider when planning, developing, conducting, and reporting large scoping reviews. By considering and addressing these questions, scoping review authors might better streamline and manage the conduct and reporting of large scoping reviews from the planning to publishing stage
Durability performance of alkali-activated concrete with pre-treated coarse recycled aggregates for pavements
No full textThis study examines the effect of coarse recycled aggregates (CRAs) and processed coarse recycled aggregates (PCRAs) on the behaviour of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) before and after exposure to marine seawater and acidic environments (5% HCl and 5% H2SO4 solutions). Measurements of compressive strength and the microstructure changes were conducted over periods of 56 and 90 days to assess these effects. The experimental design included varying the replacement levels of NAs with CRAs and PCRAs from (0–100%) and using ground-granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash as constant components. In addition to durability tests, sorptivity assessments were conducted to gauge the material’s porosity and water absorption capabilities. Advanced microstructure techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed to detail the pre and post-exposure mineralogical and microstructural transformations within the AAC blends. The AAC mixtures incorporating PCRAs emerged as durable, showcasing better strength and a denser, more compact matrix facilitated by the synergistic formation of NASH and CASH gels after exposure to aggressive agents compared to untreated CRAs. In addition, the results show that the samples exposed to marine seawater exhibited improved mechanical performance compared to those exposed to acidic environments. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of the effects of recycling plant-based CRAs and PCRAs on AAC for marine and acid exposure
