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Empowering critical thinking in combating social media misinformation: Testing efficacy of digital “boost and nudge” interventions
No full textThe proliferation of social media misinformation raises concerns about users' critical thinking when navigating online content. Research suggests that users lack both the skill sets and a ‘push’ to think critically when confronted with questionable content; however, interventions that examine both factors simultaneously are limited. Guided by the dual-process theory, which distinguishes between intuitive and analytical modes of thinking, we investigated two strategies, separately and in combination: an online video boost that strengthened analytical reasoning skills and a norm-based nudge that prompted awareness of misinformation. Employing a 3 × 2 × 3 mixed design, we compared boosting (fact-checking, logic-checking, control) and nudging (presence or absence) across content types (fact-based misinformation, logic-based misinformation, authentic information). 214 participants evaluated a simulated Facebook feed comprising interactive posts with embedded links to real-world online sources, representing authentic information and misinformation cases. Participants rated the trustworthiness of the posts, provided open-ended justification underlying their judgements to capture analytical reasoning, and reported likelihood of sharing or commenting that indicate potential reflective communicative actions. Findings reveal that both boosting and nudging enhanced users' ability to discern content credibility, with the combination showing stronger effects across conditions. Participants who received skill-boosting were also less likely to share questionable content. Nudging through a norm-based message embedded in the interface of Facebook was effective, and its impact was enhanced when combined with boosting. Findings showed that a simple digital reminder can effectively complement educational efforts, offering a practical and scalable way to support critical thinking during social media use
Automating the practice of science: Opportunities, challenges, and implications
No full textAutomation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing repro-ducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches. Furthermore, it discusses different perspectives to the following questions: Where do the greatest opportunities lie for automation in scientific practice?; What are the current bottlenecks of automating scientific practice?; and What are significant ethical and practical consequences of automating scientific practice? By discussing the motivations behind automated science, analyzing the hurdles encountered, and examin-ing its implications, this article invites researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to navigate the rapidly evolving frontier of automated scientific practice
"Confession is good for the soul?":Charismatics and Confession in Conversation
No full textScripture speaks of confessing our sins to God and to one another (e.g. Psa. 32:5; Jas. 5:16; 1 Jn. 1:9). For a tradition that has been strong on sin and the Bible, how do evangelicals deal with confession? In this article, I explore practices of confession in UK charismatic networks based on interviews with five national leaders using a critical conversation methodology. These networks largely adopted an informal and spontaneous ‘liturgy’ since they began in the 1970s, so this is also a case study of what shape practices take when traditional Christian practices have been put aside. As a semi-indigenous researcher, I offer an account of the ‘what’ of charismatic confession practice from a leader’s perspective: as a network, in public worship, small groups and individually. I conclude that these confession practices can be characterised as relational, DIY and ‘as and when’. I then proceed to offer some ‘whys’ for these practices including pendulum swings of recent tradition, the relation of confession to charismatic sung worship, and both emic and etic deformations. Finally I ask ‘Whither charismatic confession?’ and answer this through posing three questions for reflection around the Bible and confession, retrieval of practices and the formative power of practices. This leads into a response to the special issue question of how God’s own action is disclosed through these conversations about confession with charismatics
Towards a New Taxonomy of Pattern-Making in the Visuo-Spatial Domain in Early Childhood Based on Zygonic Theory and the Sounds of Intent Framework of Musical Development
No full textPattern identification is an important part of children's development in understanding both music and mathematics. However, a review of the literature indicates that no formal taxonomy of pattern-making in the visual domain exists, which potentially limits practitioners’ capacity to support children in improving their mathematical understanding. This paper seeks to redress this situation with a theoretical examination of whether visuo-spatial pattern-making in early childhood develops on the same trajectory as pattern-making in the auditory domain. The cognition of musical structure (which is based on repeating patterns) in childhood has been defined in zygonic theory and the subsequent Sounds of Intent framework. Prior observational studies of children with both neurotypical and non-typical development (i.e., Ockelford et al., 2011; Voyajolu, 2021) have confirmed this thinking. Drawing on the principles set out in zygonic theory and using the structure laid out in the Sounds of Intent framework, the researchers propose how to map the development of pattern understanding from the auditory domain onto the visuo-spatial domain. An algorithm is used to demonstrate the structural processing load for different pattern types, which allows the putative developmental stages of pattern-processing capacity to be plotted sequentially. As a future step, exploratory research with children is suggested to test these assumptions and further develop our understanding of the perception of patterns within and between the domains. It is anticipated that this work would support practitioners working with children to offer alternative strategies to support the development of pattern-making in mathematics
Clients' Preferences for Their Therapists' Relational Styles in Psychotherapy: A Consensual Qualitative Research Study
No full text'Sweet Rose, Fair Flower': A 'Shakespearean' Poem in The Passionate Pilgrim'
No full textThe poem that appears as number 10 in William Jaggard’s The Passionate Pilgrim (c. 1598), 'Sweet rose, fair flower, untimely plucked, soon vaded’, is rarely given any critical attention; its authorship by Shakespeare neither proven or disproven. This article argues that it is a unique and transgressive lyric, which turns a number of Renaissance elegiac conventions to profane use, and that the ‘Shakespearean effect’ it produced for readers in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century was created not just by its resemblance to Venus and Adonis but by some intriguing similarities with Shakespeare’s Sonnets. It is a poem which asks us to think again about what kind of ‘sonnets’ Shakespeare may have written and what we allow into the Shakespearean poetic canon
Therapist Interpersonal Skills and Outcomes for Young People
No full textOBJECTIVE: Our primary aim was to assess the associations between outcomes and therapist interpersonal skills (TIS) of empathy, congruence, regard, and unconditionality, as rated by young people. We also aimed to compare these associations against outcome-alliance associations, and to assess whether these associations were specific to a TIS-prioritizing therapeutic practice.METHODS: Our primary sample was 167 13-16-year-olds who exhibited emotional symptoms and received up to 10 weeks of school-based humanistic counseling plus pastoral care as usual (SBHC + PCAU). Young people were predominantly female (76%), with 45% Black or other minoritized identity. We measured TIS with the Barrett Lennard Relationship Inventory; and used linear regression modeling to assess TIS associations with outcomes on psychological distress, wellbeing, and satisfaction.RESULTS: TIS, most markedly congruence, were significantly associated with outcomes, contributing approximately 3% of change. TIS and alliance explained similar proportions of outcomes, with a model including only congruence showing the best fit on psychological distress and wellbeing. We did not find consistent evidence that the TIS-outcome association was specific to humanistic counseling.CONCLUSION: Therapists and lay professionals working with young people should strive to develop their interpersonal skills-particularly congruence-within the context of other relationship skills, qualities, and characteristics.</p
Factorial structure and measurement invariance of the Italian version of the Cooper – Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP)
No full textThere is increasing evidence that psychotherapy efficacy can be enhanced by accommodating clients’ preferences regarding their role, the treatment, and the therapist. Several instruments are available to measure these concepts, although only the Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) appears particularly suitable for psychotherapy. This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the C-NIP and to provide norms for both clinical and research use for Italian-speaking individuals. We adopted a multi-step procedure to translate the C-NIP into Italian. Then, 1084 (70.3% females; Mage = 27.22 ± 11 years) Italian adults completed an online survey. Psychometric properties of both the original C-NIP and a revised, 15-item, five-scale version of this questionnaire were analysed through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), McDonald’s omega coefficients, mean inter-item correlations, measurement invariance, and Pearson correlations. The Italian translation of the original version of the C-NIP scales did not show good psychometric properties. However, the CFA on a revised factorial structure of the C-NIP evidenced adequate fit to the data. We found good support for the unidimensionality of all scales, but only one of the scales demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency. Measurement invariance was confirmed across both patient sex and across individuals who were and were not in psychotherapy. Results showed that the revised version of the C-NIP has satisfactory factorial structure for use with Italian adults. More research is needed to investigate how preferences vary over time and in relation to psychopathologies and client characteristics
Mixed discipline 'Simulation Integrating Mental and Physical health Learning' (SMIPL): A qualitative study of student experience and learning
No full textIndividuals with comorbid physical and mental health conditions face significant threats to their well-being while placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems through increased service costs. Nursing professionals encounter multiple challenges in delivering effective care to this population. These challenges include a lack of integrated care models, communication barriers among providers, the complexity of addressing dual health needs, insufficient training in comorbidity management, resource and time constraints, and pervasive stigma toward mental illness. These factors leave many nurses, in particular, report feeling ill-prepared to provide integrated care for individuals with such complex conditions. Comorbid physical and mental health problems pose significant risks to individuals and incur additional costs to healthcare services. Addressing these barriers calls for enhanced training programs, stronger collaboration among healthcare professionals, and the adoption of integrated care approaches. Simulation-based approaches have emerged as a potential solution to address some of these challenges, offering a way to enhance healthcare providers' knowledge and confidence in managing comorbidities. To 1) explore the experiences of students learning together in a mixed specialty high-fidelity simulation developed to increase knowledge and confidence in providing care for people with comorbidities and 2) understand what aspects of the simulation facilitated and hindered their engagement and learning. This study employed an illuminative evaluation, a qualitative research approach designed to provide a deeper understanding of how learning occurs in specific educational contexts. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using focus groups to gather data. Eighteen undergraduate students from mental health and adult nursing programs participated in a novel, integrated simulation-based learning experience designed to simulate real-world healthcare challenges. Participants were purposively sampled to ensure diverse perspectives. The focus groups were semi-structured, with sessions lasting approximately 60 min, and discussions were analysed using thematic analysis. Nursing students from both disciplines reported an increase in knowledge, confidence and assessment skills. Peer learning through observation and discussion, alongside the interdisciplinary working that was encouraged during the simulation session, was highly valued. Students spoke about the key features of the simulation, such as group size and authenticity, that had supported and hindered their engagement. Collaborative learning between nursing specialisms about comorbid health conditions effectively aligns student experience and teaching methods with their learning outcomes. Educators might consider the potential of this approach for a range of complex, multi-factor health conditions. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
The impact of model assumptions in interpreting cell kinetic studies
No full textStable isotope labelling is one of the best available methods for quantifying cell dynamics in vivo, particularly in humans where the absence of toxicity makes it preferable over other techniques such as CFSE or BrdU. Interpretation of stable isotope labelling data necessitates simplifying assumptions. Here we investigate the impact of three of the most commonly used simplifying assumptions (thatthe cell population of interest is closed, that the population of interest is kinetically homogeneous, and that the population is spatially homogeneous) and suggest pragmatic ways in which the resulting errors can be reduced